Analysis of Microscopic Characteristics of Cartilage, Synovial Membrane, and Subchondral Bone in Collagenase Induction Model of Knee Osteoarthritis Rattus Norvegicus

Abstract

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative arthritis disease of the synovial joints and is one of the most common causes of disability in adults. A study requires experimental animal models to be well understood. Collagenase was found to be able to induce OA in experimental animals. This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the microscopic characteristics of cartilage tissue, synovial membrane, and subchondral bone in the knee of Rattus norvegicus rats after collagenase injection. Methods: In-vivo experiment using experimental animals Rattus norvegicus which was injected with collagenase was conducted. The sample will be divided into 3 groups: evaluation time at 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days. Synovial and cartilage will be evaluated based on OARSI while subchondral bone will be evaluated based on Subchondral Bone Score (SBS). Result: It was found that cartilage erosion and synovial membrane damage were the most severe in group 3. The level of damage based on OARSI and SBS scoring was also found to be progressive and worsened over time. Subchondral bone values increased in both control and treatment with the control peak at 0.87 and the treatment peak at 3.2. Conclusion: It was found that there was a clear and microscopically progressive difference 3 weeks after collagenase injection. Induction of OA using collagenase injection in experimental animals Rattus norvegicus can be a good model for making secondary OA.

Keywords

• Osteoarthritis
• Knee
• Collagenase
• Cartilage
• Synovial Membrane
• Subchondral Bone

References

1. 1. World Health Organization. Essential medicines and health products - Priority diseases and reasons for inclusion - Osteoarthritis. World Heal Organ. 2013;12:6–8.
2. 2. Dillon CF, Rasch EK, Gu Q, Hirsch R. Prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in the United States: Arthritis data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1991-94. J Rheumatol. 2006;33(11):2271–9.
3. 3. Firestein GS. Textbook of Rheumatology , 8th ed . Strategies. 2009. 1–5 p.
4. 4. Widhiyanto L, Desnantyo AT, Djuari L, Kharismansha M. Correlation Between Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) Grade and Body Mass Index (BMI) in Outpatients of Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department RSUD Dr. Soetomo. J Orthop Traumatol Surabaya [Internet]. 2019 Dec 9;6(2):71. Available from: https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JOINTS/article/view/16557
5. 5. Fachrizal A, Irianto KA. Clinical Evaluation of Post Total Hip/ Knee Replacement in Hip/ Knee Spine Syndrome. J Orthop Traumatol Surabaya [Internet]. 2017 Apr 30;6(1):40. Available from: https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JOINTS/article/view/18033
6. 6. Haviv B, Bronak S, Thein R. The complexity of pain around the knee in patients with osteoarthritis. Isr Med Assoc J [Internet]. 2013 Apr;15(4):178–81. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23781753
7. 7. Utomo DN, Mahyudin F, Wijaya AM, Widhiyanto L. Proximal fibula osteotomy as an alternative to TKA and HTO in late-stage varus type of knee osteoarthritis. J Orthop [Internet]. 2018 Sep;15(3):858–61. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0972978X18302563
8. 8. Kuyinu EL, Narayanan G, Nair LS, Laurencin CT. Animal models of osteoarthritis: classification, update, and measurement of outcomes. J Orthop Surg Res [Internet]. 2016 Dec 2;11(1):19. Available from: https://josr-online.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13018-016-0346-5

9. 9. Kartha SS, Bumpous JM. Synovial Cell Sarcoma: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcomes. Laryngoscope. 2002 Nov;112(11):1979–82.
10. 10. Hu Y, Chen X, Wang S, Jing Y, Su J. Subchondral bone microenvironment in osteoarthritis and pain. Bone Res [Internet]. 2021 Dec 17;9(1):20. Available from: http://www.nature.com/articles/s41413-021-00147-z
11. 11. Van Der Kraan PM, Vitters EL, Van Beuningen HM, Van De Putte LBA, Van Den Berg WB. Degenerative knee joint lesions in mice after a single intra-articular collagenase injection. A new model of osteoarthritis. J Exp Pathol. 1990;71(1):19–31.
12. 12. Widhiyanto L, Utomo DN, Perbowo AP, Hernugrahanto KD. Macroscopic and histologic evaluation of cartilage regeneration treated using xenogenic biodegradable porous sponge cartilage scaffold composite supplemented with allogenic adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) and secretome: An in vivo experiment. J Biomater Appl [Internet]. 2020 Sep 19;35(3):422–9. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0885328220934938
13. 13. Yeh T Te, Wen ZH, Lee HS, Lee CH, Yang Z, Jean YH, et al. Intra-articular injection of collagenase induced experimental osteoarthritis of the lumbar facet joint in rats. Eur Spine J [Internet]. 2008 May 26;17(5):734–42. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00586-008-0594-0
14. 14. Botter SM, van Osch GJVM, Waarsing JH, van der Linden JC, Verhaar JAN, Pols HAP, et al. Cartilage damage pattern in relation to subchondral plate thickness in a collagenase-induced model of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr Cartil [Internet]. 2008 Apr;16(4):506–14. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1063458407002750
15. 15. Kikuchi T, Sakuta T, Yamaguchi T. Intra-articular injection of collagenase induces experimental osteoarthritis in mature rabbits. Osteoarthr Cartil [Internet]. 1998 May;6(3):177–86. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1063458498901108