Can PD-1 expression in prostate cancer help to predict response to single ADT in an Indonesian population?

Abstract

Measuring PD-1 expression may help select patients with prostate cancer for not favorable on intensification of treatment. The question of whether similar benefits were derived from androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) alone, or upfront chemotherapy or targeted therapies, remained an enigma. The key question was whether unnecessary escalation of concurrent additional androgen-targeted therapy or chemotherapy could be halted. These serious and potentially life-threatening considerations required carefully designed clinical trials to be resolved. The study aimed to evaluate the role of PD-1 in predicting outcomes from prostate cancer management with our then-current intensification treatment strategy. In total, 20 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer at RSUP Dr. Sardjito were enrolled between 2015 and 2021. The expressions of PD-1 in primary tumors were quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed descriptively in percentages followed by bivariate and multivariate analyses with p-value < 0.05 considered significant. The mean age of patients enrolled in this study was 71.6 5± 8.76 years, and the mean of prostate-specific antigen in patients was 96.25 ± 83.01 ng/ml. Compared to the 25th percentile, higher expression of PD-1 exhibited greater prognostic value than the variable of shorter time to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). (60 months vs. 21.7 ± 5.58 months, pvalue: 0.005). This pilot study demonstrates that high expression of PD-1 is a promising biomarker for selecting patients who might benefit from intensification therapy.

Keywords

• prostate cancer
• immunotherapy
• androgen deprivation therapy
• PD-1

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