Importance of testosterone and cortisol in males patients with prediabetic and diabetic in Diyala Governorate

Year 2025, Volume: 42 Issue: 4, 356 - 365, 31.12.2025

Abdulwadood Ibrahim Arif

Abstract

Testosterone and cortisol are crucial hormones influencing metabolic processes and stress responses. In males with prediabetes and diabetes, their levels can significantly impact disease progression and management. The study aimed to investigate the predictive importance of FBS, HbA1C, cortisol and testosterone indicators in screening patients with prediabetic and diabetic. The current investigation was studied in Baquba city/ Diyala province/ Iraq from March to June 2024. We collected 60 blood samples (30 prediabetic and 30 diabetic) peoples who visit consultation clinic at Baqabi Teaching Hospital and those peoples were screening by the consultant doctor in this establishment. Additionally, we collect 30 blood samples from normoglycemia people which considered them as like control group. All indicators were quantified by Biorex machine (Denmark). The results show notable age-related differences in glucose metabolism, with prediabetic and diabetic individuals mostly in the 31-50 and >50 age groups. Prediabetic and diabetic patients were often overweight or obese. They had higher levels of FBS, HbA1C, and cortisol compared to those with normal glucose levels, while testosterone levels were lower. ROC curve analysis indicated that FBS and HbA1C were more sensitive and specific than cortisol and testosterone for predicting prediabetes and diabetes. Cortisol was more effective than testosterone for prediabetes screening, while testosterone was better for diabetes. HbA1C was highest in overweight or obese prediabetic patients, while cortisol was highest in prediabetic patients with normal weight. No significant differences in FBS or testosterone levels were found among BMI categories for prediabetic patients. In conclusion, most prediabetic and diabetic patients are over 30 with overweight BMI. Elevated indicators (except testosterone) are observed compared to normal glucose levels. HbA1C and FBS are most effective for screening. Cortisol is better for prediabetic screening, while testosterone is better for diabetes. BMI has no significant effect on indicators in diabetics.

Keywords

Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) , HbA1c , Cortisol , Testosterone , Prediabetes , Diabetes

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval was received from the ethical and research committee of Baqubah Teaching Hospital.

Supporting Institution

Middle Technical University

Thanks

Thanks to all the workers in the medical laboratory department Baqubah Teaching Hospital and to the workers in the personal laboratory who helped me in doing the research.

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