Tabağımızdan Korunmaya: Diyet ve Yaşam Tarzının Kanser Riskini Azaltmadaki Moleküler Etkileri

Abstract

Beslenme, tüm canlılar için temel bir biyolojik gerekliliktir. Yeterli ve dengeli beslenme, sağlığın korunması ve yaşamsal faaliyetlerin sürdürülmesi açısından kritik öneme sahipken, besinlerin aşırı tüketimi kilo alımına ve yağ birikimine yol açarak çeşitli kanser türlerinin gelişme riskini artırmaktadır. Ayrıca sigara kullanımı, alkol tüketimi, fiziksel hareketsizlik, stres, madde kullanımı ve endokrin bozuculara maruziyet gibi zararlı yaşam tarzı alışkanlıkları, kanser gelişme olasılığını önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Kanser, yüksek derecede heterojen yapıya sahip ve küresel ölçekte yıkıcı sonuçlar doğuran bir hastalıktır. Hastalığın gelişimini etkileyen faktörlerin yanı sıra, söz konusu faktörlerin etiyoloji ve patofizyolojiye katkıda bulunduğu moleküler ve hücresel mekanizmaların aydınlatılması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, toplumda sık görülen bazı kanser türlerinde diyet ve yaşam tarzına bağlı farklılıklar ele alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda, beslenme bileşenleri ve/veya yaşam tarzı tercihlerinin kanserin gelişimi ve progresyonu üzerindeki etkilerini düzenleyen mekanizmalara ilişkin güncel literatür sistematik bir biçimde özetlenmiştir.

Keywords

• diyet
• obezite
• yaşam tarzı
• kanser
• epigenetik

From plate to prevention: Molecular mechanisms linking diet and lifestyle to cancer risk reduction

Abstract

Nutrition is a fundamental biological necessity for all living organisms. While adequate and balanced nutrition is of critical importance for maintaining health and sustaining vital activities, excessive intake of nutrients causes gaining weight and accumulation of fat, leading to a higher risk for the development of various types of cancer. Additionally, our lifestyle and harmful lifestyle habits, such as smoking, alcohol drinking, physical inactivity, stress, substance abuse, and exposure to endocrine disruptors, significantly affect the likelihood of developing cancer. Cancer is a highly heterogeneous and world-devastating disease, and understanding the factors that influence it, as well as the mechanisms through which these factors contribute to its etiology and pathophysiology, is of great significance. In this context, we summarized current evidence regarding the mechanisms through which nutrients and lifestyle-related factors influence cancer development and progression, including inflammation, oxidative stress, metabolic dysregulation, hormonal alterations, epigenetic modifications, immune modulation, and alterations in cellular signaling pathways involved in proliferation, apoptosis, and tumor progression. Among lifestyle related factors, obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol consumption appeared to be the most consistently associated with increased cancer risk across multiple cancer types.

Keywords

• diet
• obesity
• lifestyle
• cancer
• epigenetics

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