NSAIDs Medication for Headache as the Presenting Symptom with Migraine and COVID‐19

Abstract

Headache is one of the most prevalent disorders of the nervous system. Headache is also the most common symptom of a variety of diseases, including migraine, Covid-19. International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) lists over a thousand different types of headaches. Migraine is a widely known type of primary headache. Much research supports that the enhancement in migraine intensity related to chronic migraine such as neurogenic neuroinflammation, possibly leading to increased cytokine expression via activation of protein kinases in neurons and glial cells of the trigeminovascular system like some of the other headache diseases (1). No currently drug class available, either specific (triptans, ergots) or non-specific (opioids, paracetamol, NSAIDs), is effective in all types of headaches, in all patients and all attacks of the same patient. However, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) minimize prostaglandin synthesis by blocking cyclooxygenase, which is included in the pathophysiology of migraine headaches. We searched the employed source was The Journal of Headache and Pain database by using NSAIDs with Headache, Migraine, and Covid-19 keywords. The search was performed from April 2021 and included 2017-2018-2019-2020-2021 (last five years) the studies and reviews from the Journal of Headache and Face Pain Sites. Additionally, we noted the published or on-going studies, 8 of these, about NSAIDs information contain searches that exist in the 12th European Headache Federation Congress (jointly with 32nd National Congress of the Italian Society) Study of Headaches’ book (2). And also, we included relationship migraine with Covid-19 studies to highlight the connection between the headache, which is one of the most common symptoms of both migraine and Covid-19, and the importance of managing migraine pain with NSAIDs during corona processing.

Keywords

• Headache
• Migraine
• Neuroinflammation
• Non-steroid Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

References

1. Referans1. Edvinsson L, Haanes KA, Warfvinge K. Does inflammation have a role in migraine? Nature Reviews Neurology. 2019;15(8):483-90.
2. Referans2. Benhaddi H, Fitzgerald T, SophieMcCabe RZ. Correction to: 12th European Headache Federation Congress jointly with 32nd National Congress of the Italian Society for the Study of Headaches. The Journal of Headache and Pain. 2018;19:119.
3. Referans3. Bolay H, Gül A, Baykan B. COVID‐19 is a Real Headache! Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. 2020;60(7):1415-21.
4. Referans4. Society HCCotIH. The international classification of headache disorders, (beta version). Cephalalgia. 2013;33(9):629-808.
5. Referans5. Ong JJY, De Felice M. Migraine treatment: current acute medications and their potential mechanisms of action. Neurotherapeutics. 2018;15(2):274-90.
6. Referans6. Hjalte F, Olofsson S, Persson U, Linde M. Burden and costs of migraine in a Swedish defined patient population–a questionnaire-based study. The journal of headache and pain. 2019;20(1):1-9.
7. Referans7. García-Azorin D, Yamani N, Messina L, Peeters I, Ferrili M, Ovchinnikov D, et al. A PRISMA-compliant systematic review of the endpoints employed to evaluate symptomatic treatments for primary headaches. The journal of headache and pain. 2018;19(1):1-11.
8. Referans8. Galioto R, O’Leary KC, Thomas JG, Demos K, Lipton RB, Gunstad J, et al. Lower inhibitory control interacts with greater pain catastrophizing to predict greater pain intensity in women with migraine and overweight/obesity. The journal of headache and pain. 2017;18(1):1-8.

9. Referans9. Negro A, Spuntarelli V, Sciattella P, Martelletti P. Rapid referral for headache management from emergency department to headache centre: four years data. The Journal of Headache and Pain. 2020;21(1):25.
10. Referans10. Vollesen AL, Benemei S, Cortese F, Labastida-Ramírez A, Marchese F, Pellesi L, et al. Migraine and cluster headache–the common link. The journal of headache and pain. 2018;19(1):1-15.
11. Referans11. Piccinni C, Cevoli S, Ronconi G, Dondi L, Calabria S, Pedrini A, et al. A real-world study on unmet medical needs in triptan-treated migraine: prevalence, preventive therapies and triptan use modification from a large Italian population along two years. The journal of headache and pain. 2019;20(1):1-9.
12. Referans12. Lupi C, Benemei S, Guerzoni S, Pellesi L, Negro A. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of new acute treatments for migraine. Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology. 2019;15(3):189-98.
13. Referans13. Do TP, Heldarskard GF, Kolding LT, Hvedstrup J, Schytz HW. Myofascial trigger points in migraine and tension-type headache. The journal of headache and pain. 2018;19(1):1-17.
14. Referans14. Chen W-T, Chou K-H, Lee P-L, Hsiao F-J, Niddam DM, Lai K-L, et al. Comparison of gray matter volume between migraine and “strict-criteria” tension-type headache. The journal of headache and pain. 2018;19(1):1-11.
15. Referans15. Pomes LM, Guglielmetti M, Bertamino E, Simmaco M, Borro M, Martelletti P. Optimising migraine treatment: from drug-drug interactions to personalized medicine. The journal of headache and pain. 2019;20(1):1-12.
16. Referans16. Negro A, Delaruelle Z, Ivanova T, Khan S, Ornello R, Raffaelli B, et al. Headache and pregnancy: a systematic review. The journal of headache and pain. 2017;18(1):1-20.
17. Referans17. Lipton RB, Diener H-C, Robbins MS, Garas SY, Patel K. Caffeine in the management of patients with headache. The journal of headache and pain. 2017;18(1):1-11.
18. Referans18. Haanes KA, Labastida-Ramírez A, Chan KY, de Vries R, Shook B, Jackson P, et al. Characterization of the trigeminovascular actions of several adenosine A 2A receptor antagonists in an in vivo rat model of migraine. The journal of headache and pain. 2018;19(1):1-10.
19. Referans19. Baron EP, Lucas P, Eades J, Hogue O. Patterns of medicinal cannabis use, strain analysis, and substitution effect among patients with migraine, headache, arthritis, and chronic pain in a medicinal cannabis cohort. The journal of headache and pain. 2018;19(1):1-28.
20. Referans20. Affaitati G, Costantini R, Tana C, Lapenna D, Schiavone C, Cipollone F, et al. Effects of topical vs injection treatment of cervical myofascial trigger points on headache symptoms in migraine patients: a retrospective analysis. The journal of headache and pain. 2018;19(1):1-10.
21. Referans21. Stovner LJ, Nichols E, Steiner TJ, Abd-Allah F, Abdelalim A, Al-Raddadi RM, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of migraine and tension-type headache, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet Neurology. 2018;17(11):954-76.
22. Referans22. Reddy DS. The pathophysiological and pharmacological basis of current drug treatment of migraine headache. Expert review of clinical pharmacology. 2013;6(3):271-88.
23. Referans23. Barbanti P, Grazzi L, Egeo G. Pharmacotherapy for acute migraines in children and adolescents. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy. 2019;20(4):455-63.
24. Referans24. Yu S, Zhang Y, Yao Y, Cao H. Migraine treatment and healthcare costs: retrospective analysis of the China Health Insurance Research Association (CHIRA) database. The Journal of Headache and Pain. 2020;21(1):53.
25. Referans25. Roessler T, Zschocke J, Roehrig A, Friedrichs M, Friedel H, Katsarava Z. Administrative prevalence and incidence, characteristics and prescription patterns of patients with migraine in Germany: a retrospective claims data analysis. The Journal of Headache and Pain. 2020;21(1):85.
26. Referans26. Landini L, Janal MN, Simone LP, Pierangelo G, Romina N. Migraine-provoking substances evoke periorbital allodynia in mice. The Journal of Headache and Pain. 2019;20(1).
27. Referans27. Viganò A, Torrieri MC, Toscano M, Puledda F, Petolicchio B, D’Elia TS, et al. Neurophysiological correlates of clinical improvement after greater occipital nerve (GON) block in chronic migraine: relevance for chronic migraine pathophysiology. The journal of headache and pain. 2018;19(1):1-9.
28. Referans28. Vandenbussche N, Laterza D, Lisicki M, Lloyd J, Lupi C, Tischler H, et al. Medication-overuse headache: a widely recognized entity amidst ongoing debate. The journal of headache and pain. 2018;19(1):1-14.
29. Referans29. van Hoogstraten WS, MaassenVanDenBrink A. The need for new acutely acting antimigraine drugs: moving safely outside acute medication overuse. The journal of headache and pain. 2019;20(1):1-7.
30. Referans30. Ueda K, Ye W, Lombard L, Kuga A, Kim Y, Cotton S, et al. Real-world treatment patterns and patient-reported outcomes in episodic and chronic migraine in Japan: analysis of data from the Adelphi migraine disease specific programme. The journal of headache and pain. 2019;20(1):1-11.
31. Referans31. Petrovski BÉ, Vetvik KG, Lundqvist C, Eberhard-Gran M. Characteristics of menstrual versus non-menstrual migraine during pregnancy: a longitudinal population-based study. The journal of headache and pain. 2018;19(1):1-9.
32. Referans32. Netere AK, Erku DA, Sendekie AK, Gebreyohannes EA, Muluneh NY, Belachew SA. Assessment of community pharmacy professionals’ knowledge and counseling skills achievement towards headache management: a cross-sectional and simulated-client based mixed study. The journal of headache and pain. 2018;19(1):1-9.
33. Referans33. Loo LS, Ailani J, Schim J, Baygani S, Hundemer H-P, Port M, et al. Efficacy and safety of lasmiditan in patients using concomitant migraine preventive medications: findings from SAMURAI and SPARTAN, two randomized phase 3 trials. The journal of headache and pain. 2019;20(1):1-11.
34. Referans34. Grazzi L, Sansone E, Raggi A, D’Amico D, De Giorgio A, Leonardi M, et al. Mindfulness and pharmacological prophylaxis after withdrawal from medication overuse in patients with Chronic Migraine: an effectiveness trial with a one-year follow-up. The journal of headache and pain. 2017;18(1):1-12.
35. Referans35. Buse DC, Reed ML, Fanning KM, Bostic R, Dodick DW, Schwedt TJ, et al. Comorbid and co-occurring conditions in migraine and associated risk of increasing headache pain intensity and headache frequency: results of the migraine in America symptoms and treatment (MAST) study. The Journal of Headache and Pain. 2020;21(1):23.
36. Referans36. Tassorelli C, Tramontano M, Berlangieri M, Schweiger V, D’ippolito M, Palmerini V, et al. Assessing and treating primary headaches and cranio-facial pain in patients undergoing rehabilitation for neurological diseases. The journal of headache and pain. 2017;18(1):1-18.
37. Referans37. Schwedt TJ, Alam A, Reed ML, Fanning KM, Munjal S, Buse DC, et al. Factors associated with acute medication overuse in people with migraine: results from the 2017 migraine in America symptoms and treatment (MAST) study. The journal of headache and pain. 2018;19(1):1-9.
38. Referans38. Manandhar K, Risal A, Linde M, Steiner TJ. Health-care utilization for headache disorders in Nepal: a population-based door-to-door survey. The journal of headache and pain. 2018;19(1):1-9.
39. Referans39. Fischer MA, Jan A. Medication-overuse Headache (MOH). StatPearls [Internet]. 2020.
40. Referans40. Baker VB, Eliasen KM, Hack NK. Lifestyle modifications as therapy for medication refractory post-traumatic headache (PTHA) in the military population of Okinawa. The journal of headache and pain. 2018;19(1):1-8.
41. Referans41. Voiriot G, Dury S, Parrot A, Mayaud C, Fartoukh M. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs may affect the presentation and course of community-acquired pneumonia. Chest. 2011;139(2):387-94.
42. Referans42. Chowdhury D, Datta D. Managing migraine in the times of COVID-19 pandemic. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology. 2020;23(Suppl 1):S33.
43. Referans43. Bobker SM, Robbins MS. COVID‐19 and Headache: A Primer for Trainees. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. 2020;60(8):1806-11.
44. Referans44. Little P. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and covid-19. British Medical Journal Publishing Group; 2020.
45. Referans45. Pradère B, Ploussard G, Catto JW, Rouprêt M, Misrai V. The Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Urological Practice in the COVID-19 Era: Is “Safe Better than Sorry”? European urology. 2020.
46. Referans46. Rapoport AM, Bonner JH, Lin T, Harris D, Gruper Y, Ironi A, et al. Remote electrical neuromodulation (REN) in the acute treatment of migraine: a comparison with usual care and acute migraine medications. The journal of headache and pain. 2019;20(1):1-7.
47. Referans47. MaassenVanDenBrink A, de Vries T, Danser AHJ. Headache medication and the COVID-19 pandemic. The Journal of Headache and Pain. 2020;21(1):38.
48. Referans48. Antoinette M, Jan DA. Headache medication and the COVID-19 pandemic. The Journal of Headache and Pain. 2020;21(1).
49. Referans49. Netere AK, Erku DA, Sendekie AK, Gebreyohannes EA, Muluneh NY, Belachew SA. Assessment of community pharmacy professionals’ knowledge and counseling skills achievement towards headache management: a cross-sectional and simulated-client based mixed study. The Journal of Headache and Pain. 2018;19(1):96.
50. Referans50. Hjalte F, Olofsson S, Persson U, Linde M. Burden and costs of migraine in a Swedish defined patient population – a questionnaire-based study. The Journal of Headache and Pain. 2019;20(1):65.
51. Referans51. Diener H-C, Antonaci F, Braschinsky M, Evers S, Jensen R, Lainez M, et al. European Academy of Neurology guideline on the management of medication‐overuse headache. European journal of neurology. 2020;27(7):1102-16.