The aim of the
study is to translate the Florida Shock Anxiety Scale (FSAS) into Turkish and
probe the reliability and validity of this scale in a Turkish sample of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) patients. The current study is a methodological
cultural adaptation study. The Florida Shock Anxiety Scale was developed to
measure fear associated with ICD shocks. The FSAS is composed of 10 items and originally was validated with two
sub-factors. The current study was conducted in two different university hospital
cardiology clinics in İzmir. One hundred and fifteen ICD recipients completed
the FSAS. Content validity was evaluated with opinions of nine experts and
between expert opinions about items of the scale was not found to be
statistically significant different (p= 0.066), indicating agreement about
relevant content. At the end of the confirmatory factor analysis it is
concluded to use a one factor model. The
factor loads of the items were found between 0.27 and 0.78.The
correlation coefficient of the scores of each item and the scale score was
r=0.37 - 0.77.Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was found as 0.83.
Pearson’s correlation value was found as r=0.903in
retest (p= 0.000). Overall, results revealed that Turkish version of FSAS is a
reliable and valid instrument in a Turkish sample.
American Heart Association (AHA), 2012. Devices for Arrhytmia. 2012; http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Arrhythmia/PreventionTreatmentofArrhythmia/Devices-for-Arrhythmia_UCM_301994_Article.jsp Access time: 01.06.2016
Chair, S.Y., Lee, C.K., Choi, K.C., Sears, S.F., 2011. Quality of life outcomes in Chinese patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 34, 858–867.
Dunbar, B., Langberg, J.J., Reilly, C.M., Viswanathan, B., Mc Carty, F., Culler, S.D., O’Brien, M.C., Weintraub W.S., 2009. Effect of a psychoeducational intervention on depression, anxiety, and health resource use in ICD patients. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 32, 1259–1271.
Ford, J., Finch, J.F., Woodrow, L.K., Cutitta, K.E., Shea, J., Fischer, A., Hazelton, G., Sears, S.F., 2012. The Florida Shock Anxiety Scale (FSAS) for Patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: Testing factor structure, reliability, and validity of a previously established measure. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 35, 1146–1153.
Gözüm, S., Aksayan, S.A., 2003. Guide for transcultural adaptation of the scale II: Psychometric characteristics and cross-cultural comparision. HEMAR-G. 5, 3-14.
Harrington, D., 2009. Confirmatory factor analysis. Oxford University Press, USA, pp. 21-35.
James, C.A., Tichnell, C., Murray, B., Daly, A., Sears, S.F., Calkins, H., 2012. General and disease-specific psychosocial adjustment in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy with ımplantable cardioverter defibrillators: A large cohort study. Circ. Cardiovasc. Genet. 5, 18-24.
Kamphuis, H.C., Verhoeven, N.W., Leeuw, R., Derksen, R., Hauer, R.N., Winnubst, J.A., 2003. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator recipients: Quality of life in recipients with and without ICD shock delivery: A prospective study. Europace. 5, 381–389.
Karasar, N., 2000. Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi [Scientific research method]. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara, pp.136–153.
Keren, A., Sears, S.F., Nery, P., Shaw, J., Green, M.S., Lemery, R., Gollob, M.H., Amyotte, B., Birnie, D.H., 2011. Psychological adjustment in ICD patients living with advisor fidelis leads. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 22, 57–63.
Kohn, C.S., Petrucci, R.J., Baessler, C., Soto, D.M., Movsowitz, C., 2000. The effect of psychological intervention on patients' long-term adjustment to the ICD: A prospective study. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 23, 450-456.
Kuijpers, P.M.J.C., Honig, A., Wellens, H.J.J., 2002. Effect of treatment of panic disorder in patients with frequent ICD discharges: A pilot study. Gen. Hosp. Psychiat. 24, 181–184.
Kuhl, E.A., Sears, S.F., Vazquez, L.D., Conti, J.B., 2009. Patient-assisted computerized education for recipients of implantable cardioverter defibrillators. A randomized controlled trial of the PACER program. J. Cardiovasc. Nurs. 24, 225-231.
Kuhl, E.A., Dixit, N.K., Walker, R., Conti, J.B., Sears, S.F., 2006. Measurement of patient fears about implantable cardioverter defibrillator shock: An initial evaluation of the Florida Shock Anxiety Scale. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 29, 614–618.
LoBiondo-Wood, G., Haber, J., Singh, M.D., 2005. Reliability and Validity. In: Cameron, C., Singh, M.D. (Ed.). Nursing research in Canada. Methods, critical appraisal and utilization Canada: Elseiver Canada. A division of Harcourt Canada Ltd., pp. 327–347.
Magyar-Russell, G., Thombs, B.D., Cai, J.X., Baveja, T., Kuhl, E.A., Singh, P.P., Barroso, M.M.B., Arthurs, E., Roseman, M., Amin, N., 2011. The prevalence of anxiety and depression in adults with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: A systematic review. J. Psychosom. Res. 71, 223–231.
Malm, D., Hallberg, L.R.M., 2006. Patients’ experiences of daily living with a pacemaker: A grounded theory study. J. Health Psychol. 11, 787–798.
Pedersen, S.S., Spek, V., 2009. Rationale and Design of WEBCARE: A randomized, controlled, web-based behavioral ıntervention trial in cardioverter-defibrillator patients to reduce anxiety and device concerns and enhance quality of life. Trials. 10; 120.
Polit, D., Beck, C.T., 2008. Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice. Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams&Wilkins, London, pp: 449-456.
Sears, S.F. & Conti, J.B., 2002. Quality of life and psychological functioning of ICD patients. Heart. 87; 488-493.
Şimşek, Ö.F., 2007. Structural equation modeling entry: Basic principles and LISREL practices. Ankara, pp: 1-71.
Tavşancıl E., 2005, Attitude measurement and data analysis with SPSS. Nobel Yayınevi, İstanbul, pp: 16-29.
Vazquez, L.D., Kuhl, E.A., Shea, J.B., Kirkness, A., Lemon, J., Whalley, D., Conti, J.B., Sears, S.F., 2008. Age-specific differences in women with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: An international multi-center study. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 31, 1528–1534.
Vazquez, L.D., Conti, J.B., Sears, S.F., 2010. Female-specific education, management, and lifestyle enhancement for implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients: The female-ICD study. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 33, 1131–1140.
Wilson, M.H., Engelke, M.K., Sears, S.F., Swanson, M., Neil, J.A., 2012. Disease- specific quality of life-patient acceptance racial and gender differences in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. J. Cardiovasc. Nurs. 28, 285-293.
Year 2017,
Volume: 34 Issue: 4, 241 - 246, 10.10.2019
American Heart Association (AHA), 2012. Devices for Arrhytmia. 2012; http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Arrhythmia/PreventionTreatmentofArrhythmia/Devices-for-Arrhythmia_UCM_301994_Article.jsp Access time: 01.06.2016
Chair, S.Y., Lee, C.K., Choi, K.C., Sears, S.F., 2011. Quality of life outcomes in Chinese patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 34, 858–867.
Dunbar, B., Langberg, J.J., Reilly, C.M., Viswanathan, B., Mc Carty, F., Culler, S.D., O’Brien, M.C., Weintraub W.S., 2009. Effect of a psychoeducational intervention on depression, anxiety, and health resource use in ICD patients. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 32, 1259–1271.
Ford, J., Finch, J.F., Woodrow, L.K., Cutitta, K.E., Shea, J., Fischer, A., Hazelton, G., Sears, S.F., 2012. The Florida Shock Anxiety Scale (FSAS) for Patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: Testing factor structure, reliability, and validity of a previously established measure. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 35, 1146–1153.
Gözüm, S., Aksayan, S.A., 2003. Guide for transcultural adaptation of the scale II: Psychometric characteristics and cross-cultural comparision. HEMAR-G. 5, 3-14.
Harrington, D., 2009. Confirmatory factor analysis. Oxford University Press, USA, pp. 21-35.
James, C.A., Tichnell, C., Murray, B., Daly, A., Sears, S.F., Calkins, H., 2012. General and disease-specific psychosocial adjustment in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy with ımplantable cardioverter defibrillators: A large cohort study. Circ. Cardiovasc. Genet. 5, 18-24.
Kamphuis, H.C., Verhoeven, N.W., Leeuw, R., Derksen, R., Hauer, R.N., Winnubst, J.A., 2003. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator recipients: Quality of life in recipients with and without ICD shock delivery: A prospective study. Europace. 5, 381–389.
Karasar, N., 2000. Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi [Scientific research method]. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara, pp.136–153.
Keren, A., Sears, S.F., Nery, P., Shaw, J., Green, M.S., Lemery, R., Gollob, M.H., Amyotte, B., Birnie, D.H., 2011. Psychological adjustment in ICD patients living with advisor fidelis leads. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 22, 57–63.
Kohn, C.S., Petrucci, R.J., Baessler, C., Soto, D.M., Movsowitz, C., 2000. The effect of psychological intervention on patients' long-term adjustment to the ICD: A prospective study. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 23, 450-456.
Kuijpers, P.M.J.C., Honig, A., Wellens, H.J.J., 2002. Effect of treatment of panic disorder in patients with frequent ICD discharges: A pilot study. Gen. Hosp. Psychiat. 24, 181–184.
Kuhl, E.A., Sears, S.F., Vazquez, L.D., Conti, J.B., 2009. Patient-assisted computerized education for recipients of implantable cardioverter defibrillators. A randomized controlled trial of the PACER program. J. Cardiovasc. Nurs. 24, 225-231.
Kuhl, E.A., Dixit, N.K., Walker, R., Conti, J.B., Sears, S.F., 2006. Measurement of patient fears about implantable cardioverter defibrillator shock: An initial evaluation of the Florida Shock Anxiety Scale. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 29, 614–618.
LoBiondo-Wood, G., Haber, J., Singh, M.D., 2005. Reliability and Validity. In: Cameron, C., Singh, M.D. (Ed.). Nursing research in Canada. Methods, critical appraisal and utilization Canada: Elseiver Canada. A division of Harcourt Canada Ltd., pp. 327–347.
Magyar-Russell, G., Thombs, B.D., Cai, J.X., Baveja, T., Kuhl, E.A., Singh, P.P., Barroso, M.M.B., Arthurs, E., Roseman, M., Amin, N., 2011. The prevalence of anxiety and depression in adults with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: A systematic review. J. Psychosom. Res. 71, 223–231.
Malm, D., Hallberg, L.R.M., 2006. Patients’ experiences of daily living with a pacemaker: A grounded theory study. J. Health Psychol. 11, 787–798.
Pedersen, S.S., Spek, V., 2009. Rationale and Design of WEBCARE: A randomized, controlled, web-based behavioral ıntervention trial in cardioverter-defibrillator patients to reduce anxiety and device concerns and enhance quality of life. Trials. 10; 120.
Polit, D., Beck, C.T., 2008. Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice. Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams&Wilkins, London, pp: 449-456.
Sears, S.F. & Conti, J.B., 2002. Quality of life and psychological functioning of ICD patients. Heart. 87; 488-493.
Şimşek, Ö.F., 2007. Structural equation modeling entry: Basic principles and LISREL practices. Ankara, pp: 1-71.
Tavşancıl E., 2005, Attitude measurement and data analysis with SPSS. Nobel Yayınevi, İstanbul, pp: 16-29.
Vazquez, L.D., Kuhl, E.A., Shea, J.B., Kirkness, A., Lemon, J., Whalley, D., Conti, J.B., Sears, S.F., 2008. Age-specific differences in women with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: An international multi-center study. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 31, 1528–1534.
Vazquez, L.D., Conti, J.B., Sears, S.F., 2010. Female-specific education, management, and lifestyle enhancement for implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients: The female-ICD study. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 33, 1131–1140.
Wilson, M.H., Engelke, M.K., Sears, S.F., Swanson, M., Neil, J.A., 2012. Disease- specific quality of life-patient acceptance racial and gender differences in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. J. Cardiovasc. Nurs. 28, 285-293.
Yardımcı, T., Mert, H., & Sears, S. F. (2019). Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Florida shock anxiety scale. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 34(4), 241-246.
AMA
Yardımcı T, Mert H, Sears SF. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Florida shock anxiety scale. J. Exp. Clin. Med. October 2019;34(4):241-246.
Chicago
Yardımcı, Tuğba, Hatice Mert, and Samuel F Sears. “Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Florida Shock Anxiety Scale”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 34, no. 4 (October 2019): 241-46.
EndNote
Yardımcı T, Mert H, Sears SF (October 1, 2019) Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Florida shock anxiety scale. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 34 4 241–246.
IEEE
T. Yardımcı, H. Mert, and S. F. Sears, “Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Florida shock anxiety scale”, J. Exp. Clin. Med., vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 241–246, 2019.
ISNAD
Yardımcı, Tuğba et al. “Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Florida Shock Anxiety Scale”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 34/4 (October 2019), 241-246.
JAMA
Yardımcı T, Mert H, Sears SF. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Florida shock anxiety scale. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2019;34:241–246.
MLA
Yardımcı, Tuğba et al. “Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Florida Shock Anxiety Scale”. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, vol. 34, no. 4, 2019, pp. 241-6.
Vancouver
Yardımcı T, Mert H, Sears SF. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Florida shock anxiety scale. J. Exp. Clin. Med. 2019;34(4):241-6.