Year 2022,
Volume: 39 Issue: 1, 269 - 274, 01.01.2022
Berat Serdar Akdeniz
,
Yunus Çarpar
Kübra Arslan Çarpar
References
- Bae, M. J.; Kim, J. Y.; Park, J. T.; Cha, J. Y.; Kim, H. J.; Yu, H. S.; Hwang, C. J., 2013: Accuracy of miniscrew surgical guides assessed from cone-beam computed tomography and digital models. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics., 143, 893–901.
Beretta, M.; Poli, P. P.; Maiorana, C., 2014: Accuracy of computer-aided template-guided oral implant placement: a prospective clinical study. Journal of periodontal & implant science., 44, 184–193.
Beretta, M.; Poli, P. P.; Tansella, S.; Maiorana, C., 2018: Virtually guided alveolar ridge reduction combined with computer-aided implant placement for a bimaxillary implant-supported rehabilitation: A clinical report. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry., 120, 168–172.
Cantarella, D.; Dominguez-Mompell, R.; Mallya, S. M.; Moschik, C.; Pan, H. C.; Miller, J.; Moon, W., 2017: Changes in the midpalatal and pterygopalatine sutures induced by micro-implant-supported skeletal expander, analyzed with a novel 3D method based on CBCT imaging. Progress in orthodontics., 18, 34.
Cantarella, D.; Dominguez-Mompell, R.; Moschik, C.; Mallya, S. M.; Pan, H. C.; Alkahtani, M. R.; Elkenawy, I.; Moon, W., 2018a: Midfacial changes in the coronal plane induced by microimplant-supported skeletal expander, studied with cone-beam computed tomography images. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics., 154, 337–345.
Cantarella, D.; Dominguez-Mompell, R.; Moschik, C.; Sfogliano, L.; Elkenawy, I.; Pan, H. C.; Mallya, S. M.; Moon, W., 2018b: Zygomaticomaxillary modifications in the horizontal plane induced by micro-implant-supported skeletal expander, analyzed with CBCT images. Progress in orthodontics., 19, 1–8.
Cantarella, D.; Savio, G.; Grigolato, L.; Zanata, P.; Berveglieri, C.; Lo Giudice, A.; Isola, G.; Del Fabbro, M.; Moon, W., 2020: A New Methodology for the Digital Planning of Micro-Implant-Supported Maxillary Skeletal Expansion. Medical devices (Auckland, N.Z.)., 13, 93–106.
Carlson, C.; Sung, J.; McComb, R. W.; Machado, A. W.; Moon, W., 2016: Microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion appliance to orthopedically correct transverse maxillary deficiency in an adult. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics., 149, 716–728.
Cassetta, M.; Altieri, F.; Di Giorgio, R.; Barbato, E., 2018: Palatal orthodontic miniscrew insertion using a CAD-CAM surgical guide: description of a technique. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery., 47, 1195–1198.
Colombo, M.; Mangano, C.; Mijiritsky, E.; Krebs, M.; Hauschild, U.; Fortin, T., 2017: Clinical applications and effectiveness of guided implant surgery: a critical review based on randomized controlled trials. BMC oral health., 17, 150.
Cope, J. B., 2005: Temporary anchorage devices in orthodontics: a paradigm shift. Seminars in orthodontics. Elsevier, Vol. 11pp. 3–9.
Cousley, R. R.; Parberry, D. J., 2006: Surgical stents for accurate miniscrew insertion. Journal of clinical orthodontics: JCO., 40, 412.
Crismani, A. G.; Bertl, M. H.; Čelar, A. G.; Bantleon, H. P.; Burstone, C. J., 2010: Miniscrews in orthodontic treatment: review and analysis of published clinical trials. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics., 137, 108–113.
De Gabriele, O.; Dallatana, G.; Riva, R.; Vasudavan, S.; Wilmes, B., 2017: The easy driver for placement of palatal mini-implants and a maxillary expander in a single appointment. J Clin Orthod., 51, 728–737.
Dent, E. A. P., 2013: JKM Aps. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent., 14, 129–130.
Felicita, A. S., 2013: A simple three-dimensional stent for proper placement of mini-implant. Progress in orthodontics., 14, 45.
Graf, S.; Vasudavan, S.; Wilmes, B., 2018: CAD-CAM design and 3-dimensional printing of mini-implant retained orthodontic appliances. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics., 154, 877–882.
Graf, S.; Hansa, I., 2019: Clinical guidelines to integrate temporary anchorage devices for bone-borne orthodontic appliances in the digital workflow. APOS Trends in Orthodontics., 9, 182–189.
Hedayati, Z.; Hashemi, S. M.; Zamiri, B.; Fattahi, H. R., 2007: Anchorage value of surgical titanium screws in orthodontic tooth movement. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery., 36, 588–592.
Hidalgo‐Rivas, J. A.; Theodorakou, C.; Carmichael, F.; Murray, B.; Payne, M.; Horner, K., 2014: Use of cone beam CT in children and young people in three United Kingdom dental hospitals. International journal of paediatric dentistry., 24, 336–348.
Kim, S. H.; Kang, J. M.; Choi, B.; Nelson, G., 2008: Clinical application of a stereolithographic surgical guide for simple positioning of orthodontic mini-implants. World journal of orthodontics., 9.
Kim, S. hun; Choi, Y. suk; Hwang, E. hwan; Chung, K. rhim; Kook, Y. ah; Nelson, G., 2007: Surgical positioning of orthodontic mini- implants with guides fabricated on models replicated with cone-beam computed tomography, 82–89.
Kravitz, N.; Kusnoto, B., 2005: Dual-Top Anchor Mini Orthoscrews: seminar manual—UIC Clinical Test Protocol 2005. Denver: Rocky Mountain Orthotics., 17–40.
Kravitz, N. D.; Kusnoto, B., 2007: Risks and complications of orthodontic miniscrews. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics., 131, S43–S51.
Kuroda, S.; Yamada, K.; Deguchi, T.; Hashimoto, T.; Kyung, H. M.; Yamamoto, T. T., 2007a: Root proximity is a major factor for screw failure in orthodontic anchorage. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics., 131, S68–S73.
Kuroda, S.; Sugawara, Y.; Deguchi, T.; Kyung, H. M.; Takano-Yamamoto, T., 2007b: Clinical use of miniscrew implants as orthodontic anchorage: success rates and postoperative discomfort. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics., 131, 9–15.
Kyung, H. M., 2003: Overview development of orthodontic micro-implants for intraoral anchorage. J. clin. Orthod., 37, 321–328.
Lee, R. J.; Moon, W.; Hong, C., 2017: Effects of monocortical and bicortical mini-implant anchorage on bone-borne palatal expansion using finite element analysis. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics., 151, 887–897.
Lim, H. J.; Eun, C. S.; Cho, J. H.; Lee, K. H.; Hwang, H. S., 2009: Factors associated with initial stability of miniscrews for orthodontic treatment. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics., 136, 236–242.
Lim, J. E.; Lim, W. H.; Chun, Y. S., 2008: Quantitative evaluation of cortical bone thickness and root proximity at maxillary interradicular sites for orthodontic mini-implant placement. Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.)., 21, 486—491.
Lo Giudice, A.; Quinzi, V.; Ronsivalle, V.; Martina, S.; Bennici, O.; Isola, G., 2020: Description of a Digital Work-Flow for CBCT-Guided Construction of Micro-Implant Supported Maxillary Skeletal Expander. Materials (Basel, Switzerland)., 13.
MacGinnis, M.; Chu, H.; Youssef, G.; Wu, K. W.; Machado, A. W.; Moon, W., 2014: The effects of micro-implant assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) on the nasomaxillary complex—a finite element method (FEM) analysis. Progress in orthodontics., 15, 52.
Maino, B.; Paoletto, E.; Lombardo, L.; Siciliani, G., 2016: A Three-Dimensional Digital Insertion Guide for Palatal Miniscrew Placement. Journal of clinical orthodontics : JCO., 50, 12–22.
Maino, B. G.; Mura, P.; Bednar, J., 2005: Miniscrew implants: the spider screw anchorage system. Seminars in Orthodontics. Elsevier, Vol. 11pp. 40–46.
Maino, G.; Paoletto, E.; Lombardo, L.; Siciliani, G., 2015: MAPA: A new high-precision 3D method of palatal miniscrew placement. EJCO., 3, 41–47.
Melsen, B.; Verna, C., 2005: Miniscrew implants: the Aarhus anchorage system. Seminars in Orthodontics. Elsevier, Vol. 11pp. 24–31.
Miyawaki, S.; Koyama, I.; Inoue, M.; Mishima, K.; Sugahara, T.; Takano-Yamamoto, T., 2003: Factors associated with the stability of titanium screws placed in the posterior region for orthodontic anchorage. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics., 124, 373–378.
Moon, W., 2018: Class III treatment by combining facemask (FM) and maxillary skeletal expander (MSE). Seminars in Orthodontics. Elsevier, Vol. 24pp. 95–107.
Morea, C.; Dominguez, G. C.; Wuo, A. V; Tortamano, A., 2005: Surgical guide for optimal positioning of mini-implants. J Clin Orthod., 39, 317–321.
Morea C., Hayek J.E., Oleskovicz C., Dominguez G.C., Chilvarquer I. 2011: Precise insertion of orthodontic miniscrews with a stereolithographic surgical guide based on cone beam computed tomography data: a pilot study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 26:860-5.
Ohnishi, H.; Yagi, T.; Yasuda, Y.; Takada, K., 2005: A mini-implant for orthodontic anchorage in a deep overbite case. The Angle Orthodontist., 75, 444–452.
Park, H. S.; Jeong, S. H.; Kwon, O. W., 2006: Factors affecting the clinical success of screw implants used as orthodontic anchorage. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics., 130, 18–25.
Park, H. S.; HwangBo, E. S.; Kwon, T. G., 2010: Proper mesiodistal angles for microimplant placement assessed with 3-dimensional computed tomography images. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics., 137, 200–206.
Pithon, M. M.; dos Santos, R. L., 2010: Fabrication of an adjustable mini‐screw surgical guide. Journal of orthodontics., 37, 118–120.
Qiu, L.; Haruyama, N.; Suzuki, S.; Yamada, D.; Obayashi, N.; Kurabayashi, T.; Moriyama, K., 2012: Accuracy of orthodontic miniscrew implantation guided by stereolithographic surgical stent based on cone-beam CT-derived 3D images. The Angle orthodontist., 82, 284–293.
Spector, L., 2008: Computer-aided dental implant planning. Dental Clinics of North America., 52, 761–775.
Suzuki, E. Y.; Buranastidporn, B., 2005: An adjustable surgical guide for miniscrew placement. Journal of clinical orthodontics: JCO., 39, 588.
Suzuki, E. Y.; Suzuki, B., 2007: A simple three-dimensional guide for safe miniscrew placement. Journal of clinical orthodontics: JCO., 41, 342–346.
Suzuki, E. Y.; Suzuki, B., 2008: Accuracy of miniscrew implant placement with a 3-dimensional surgical guide. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery., 66, 1245–1252.
Yu, J. J.; Kim, G. T.; Choi, Y. S.; Hwang, E. H.; Paek, J.; Kim, S. H.; Huang, J. C., 2012: Accuracy of a cone beam computed tomography–guided surgical stent for orthodontic mini-implant placement. The Angle orthodontist., 82, 275–283.
Digital three-dimensional planning of orthodontic miniscrew anchorage: A literature review
Year 2022,
Volume: 39 Issue: 1, 269 - 274, 01.01.2022
Berat Serdar Akdeniz
,
Yunus Çarpar
Kübra Arslan Çarpar
Abstract
Orthodontic miniscrews are used for skeletal orthodontic anchorage. An appropriate insertion technique is essential to avoid complications during miniscrew placement. The guides prepared using surface anatomy and 2D radiographs cannot correctly analyze bone volume. Advances in digital 3D medical technologies enabled orthodontists to use digital imaging, digital scanning, and 3D printing to accurately place miniscrews using a surgical guide developed with computer-aided design and manufacturing techniques. The objective of this article was to demonstrate the development of miniscrew placement techniques chronologically and provide brief information about the production, use, and efficiency of modern, digitally planned, and produced miniscrew insertion guides.
References
- Bae, M. J.; Kim, J. Y.; Park, J. T.; Cha, J. Y.; Kim, H. J.; Yu, H. S.; Hwang, C. J., 2013: Accuracy of miniscrew surgical guides assessed from cone-beam computed tomography and digital models. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics., 143, 893–901.
Beretta, M.; Poli, P. P.; Maiorana, C., 2014: Accuracy of computer-aided template-guided oral implant placement: a prospective clinical study. Journal of periodontal & implant science., 44, 184–193.
Beretta, M.; Poli, P. P.; Tansella, S.; Maiorana, C., 2018: Virtually guided alveolar ridge reduction combined with computer-aided implant placement for a bimaxillary implant-supported rehabilitation: A clinical report. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry., 120, 168–172.
Cantarella, D.; Dominguez-Mompell, R.; Mallya, S. M.; Moschik, C.; Pan, H. C.; Miller, J.; Moon, W., 2017: Changes in the midpalatal and pterygopalatine sutures induced by micro-implant-supported skeletal expander, analyzed with a novel 3D method based on CBCT imaging. Progress in orthodontics., 18, 34.
Cantarella, D.; Dominguez-Mompell, R.; Moschik, C.; Mallya, S. M.; Pan, H. C.; Alkahtani, M. R.; Elkenawy, I.; Moon, W., 2018a: Midfacial changes in the coronal plane induced by microimplant-supported skeletal expander, studied with cone-beam computed tomography images. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics., 154, 337–345.
Cantarella, D.; Dominguez-Mompell, R.; Moschik, C.; Sfogliano, L.; Elkenawy, I.; Pan, H. C.; Mallya, S. M.; Moon, W., 2018b: Zygomaticomaxillary modifications in the horizontal plane induced by micro-implant-supported skeletal expander, analyzed with CBCT images. Progress in orthodontics., 19, 1–8.
Cantarella, D.; Savio, G.; Grigolato, L.; Zanata, P.; Berveglieri, C.; Lo Giudice, A.; Isola, G.; Del Fabbro, M.; Moon, W., 2020: A New Methodology for the Digital Planning of Micro-Implant-Supported Maxillary Skeletal Expansion. Medical devices (Auckland, N.Z.)., 13, 93–106.
Carlson, C.; Sung, J.; McComb, R. W.; Machado, A. W.; Moon, W., 2016: Microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion appliance to orthopedically correct transverse maxillary deficiency in an adult. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics., 149, 716–728.
Cassetta, M.; Altieri, F.; Di Giorgio, R.; Barbato, E., 2018: Palatal orthodontic miniscrew insertion using a CAD-CAM surgical guide: description of a technique. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery., 47, 1195–1198.
Colombo, M.; Mangano, C.; Mijiritsky, E.; Krebs, M.; Hauschild, U.; Fortin, T., 2017: Clinical applications and effectiveness of guided implant surgery: a critical review based on randomized controlled trials. BMC oral health., 17, 150.
Cope, J. B., 2005: Temporary anchorage devices in orthodontics: a paradigm shift. Seminars in orthodontics. Elsevier, Vol. 11pp. 3–9.
Cousley, R. R.; Parberry, D. J., 2006: Surgical stents for accurate miniscrew insertion. Journal of clinical orthodontics: JCO., 40, 412.
Crismani, A. G.; Bertl, M. H.; Čelar, A. G.; Bantleon, H. P.; Burstone, C. J., 2010: Miniscrews in orthodontic treatment: review and analysis of published clinical trials. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics., 137, 108–113.
De Gabriele, O.; Dallatana, G.; Riva, R.; Vasudavan, S.; Wilmes, B., 2017: The easy driver for placement of palatal mini-implants and a maxillary expander in a single appointment. J Clin Orthod., 51, 728–737.
Dent, E. A. P., 2013: JKM Aps. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent., 14, 129–130.
Felicita, A. S., 2013: A simple three-dimensional stent for proper placement of mini-implant. Progress in orthodontics., 14, 45.
Graf, S.; Vasudavan, S.; Wilmes, B., 2018: CAD-CAM design and 3-dimensional printing of mini-implant retained orthodontic appliances. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics., 154, 877–882.
Graf, S.; Hansa, I., 2019: Clinical guidelines to integrate temporary anchorage devices for bone-borne orthodontic appliances in the digital workflow. APOS Trends in Orthodontics., 9, 182–189.
Hedayati, Z.; Hashemi, S. M.; Zamiri, B.; Fattahi, H. R., 2007: Anchorage value of surgical titanium screws in orthodontic tooth movement. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery., 36, 588–592.
Hidalgo‐Rivas, J. A.; Theodorakou, C.; Carmichael, F.; Murray, B.; Payne, M.; Horner, K., 2014: Use of cone beam CT in children and young people in three United Kingdom dental hospitals. International journal of paediatric dentistry., 24, 336–348.
Kim, S. H.; Kang, J. M.; Choi, B.; Nelson, G., 2008: Clinical application of a stereolithographic surgical guide for simple positioning of orthodontic mini-implants. World journal of orthodontics., 9.
Kim, S. hun; Choi, Y. suk; Hwang, E. hwan; Chung, K. rhim; Kook, Y. ah; Nelson, G., 2007: Surgical positioning of orthodontic mini- implants with guides fabricated on models replicated with cone-beam computed tomography, 82–89.
Kravitz, N.; Kusnoto, B., 2005: Dual-Top Anchor Mini Orthoscrews: seminar manual—UIC Clinical Test Protocol 2005. Denver: Rocky Mountain Orthotics., 17–40.
Kravitz, N. D.; Kusnoto, B., 2007: Risks and complications of orthodontic miniscrews. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics., 131, S43–S51.
Kuroda, S.; Yamada, K.; Deguchi, T.; Hashimoto, T.; Kyung, H. M.; Yamamoto, T. T., 2007a: Root proximity is a major factor for screw failure in orthodontic anchorage. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics., 131, S68–S73.
Kuroda, S.; Sugawara, Y.; Deguchi, T.; Kyung, H. M.; Takano-Yamamoto, T., 2007b: Clinical use of miniscrew implants as orthodontic anchorage: success rates and postoperative discomfort. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics., 131, 9–15.
Kyung, H. M., 2003: Overview development of orthodontic micro-implants for intraoral anchorage. J. clin. Orthod., 37, 321–328.
Lee, R. J.; Moon, W.; Hong, C., 2017: Effects of monocortical and bicortical mini-implant anchorage on bone-borne palatal expansion using finite element analysis. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics., 151, 887–897.
Lim, H. J.; Eun, C. S.; Cho, J. H.; Lee, K. H.; Hwang, H. S., 2009: Factors associated with initial stability of miniscrews for orthodontic treatment. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics., 136, 236–242.
Lim, J. E.; Lim, W. H.; Chun, Y. S., 2008: Quantitative evaluation of cortical bone thickness and root proximity at maxillary interradicular sites for orthodontic mini-implant placement. Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.)., 21, 486—491.
Lo Giudice, A.; Quinzi, V.; Ronsivalle, V.; Martina, S.; Bennici, O.; Isola, G., 2020: Description of a Digital Work-Flow for CBCT-Guided Construction of Micro-Implant Supported Maxillary Skeletal Expander. Materials (Basel, Switzerland)., 13.
MacGinnis, M.; Chu, H.; Youssef, G.; Wu, K. W.; Machado, A. W.; Moon, W., 2014: The effects of micro-implant assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) on the nasomaxillary complex—a finite element method (FEM) analysis. Progress in orthodontics., 15, 52.
Maino, B.; Paoletto, E.; Lombardo, L.; Siciliani, G., 2016: A Three-Dimensional Digital Insertion Guide for Palatal Miniscrew Placement. Journal of clinical orthodontics : JCO., 50, 12–22.
Maino, B. G.; Mura, P.; Bednar, J., 2005: Miniscrew implants: the spider screw anchorage system. Seminars in Orthodontics. Elsevier, Vol. 11pp. 40–46.
Maino, G.; Paoletto, E.; Lombardo, L.; Siciliani, G., 2015: MAPA: A new high-precision 3D method of palatal miniscrew placement. EJCO., 3, 41–47.
Melsen, B.; Verna, C., 2005: Miniscrew implants: the Aarhus anchorage system. Seminars in Orthodontics. Elsevier, Vol. 11pp. 24–31.
Miyawaki, S.; Koyama, I.; Inoue, M.; Mishima, K.; Sugahara, T.; Takano-Yamamoto, T., 2003: Factors associated with the stability of titanium screws placed in the posterior region for orthodontic anchorage. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics., 124, 373–378.
Moon, W., 2018: Class III treatment by combining facemask (FM) and maxillary skeletal expander (MSE). Seminars in Orthodontics. Elsevier, Vol. 24pp. 95–107.
Morea, C.; Dominguez, G. C.; Wuo, A. V; Tortamano, A., 2005: Surgical guide for optimal positioning of mini-implants. J Clin Orthod., 39, 317–321.
Morea C., Hayek J.E., Oleskovicz C., Dominguez G.C., Chilvarquer I. 2011: Precise insertion of orthodontic miniscrews with a stereolithographic surgical guide based on cone beam computed tomography data: a pilot study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 26:860-5.
Ohnishi, H.; Yagi, T.; Yasuda, Y.; Takada, K., 2005: A mini-implant for orthodontic anchorage in a deep overbite case. The Angle Orthodontist., 75, 444–452.
Park, H. S.; Jeong, S. H.; Kwon, O. W., 2006: Factors affecting the clinical success of screw implants used as orthodontic anchorage. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics., 130, 18–25.
Park, H. S.; HwangBo, E. S.; Kwon, T. G., 2010: Proper mesiodistal angles for microimplant placement assessed with 3-dimensional computed tomography images. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics., 137, 200–206.
Pithon, M. M.; dos Santos, R. L., 2010: Fabrication of an adjustable mini‐screw surgical guide. Journal of orthodontics., 37, 118–120.
Qiu, L.; Haruyama, N.; Suzuki, S.; Yamada, D.; Obayashi, N.; Kurabayashi, T.; Moriyama, K., 2012: Accuracy of orthodontic miniscrew implantation guided by stereolithographic surgical stent based on cone-beam CT-derived 3D images. The Angle orthodontist., 82, 284–293.
Spector, L., 2008: Computer-aided dental implant planning. Dental Clinics of North America., 52, 761–775.
Suzuki, E. Y.; Buranastidporn, B., 2005: An adjustable surgical guide for miniscrew placement. Journal of clinical orthodontics: JCO., 39, 588.
Suzuki, E. Y.; Suzuki, B., 2007: A simple three-dimensional guide for safe miniscrew placement. Journal of clinical orthodontics: JCO., 41, 342–346.
Suzuki, E. Y.; Suzuki, B., 2008: Accuracy of miniscrew implant placement with a 3-dimensional surgical guide. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery., 66, 1245–1252.
Yu, J. J.; Kim, G. T.; Choi, Y. S.; Hwang, E. H.; Paek, J.; Kim, S. H.; Huang, J. C., 2012: Accuracy of a cone beam computed tomography–guided surgical stent for orthodontic mini-implant placement. The Angle orthodontist., 82, 275–283.