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THE CLAIMS IMPLICATING THE OTTOMANS FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A JEWISH COMMUNITY IN JERUSALEM

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 27 - 39, 01.06.2018

Öz

Since the time of the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid II, the relationshipbetween the Ottomans and the Jewish communities withinthe Muslim world has been described as generally positive.However, a number of Arab academics cast claims over the Ottoman role in the Jewish presence in Jerusalem, starting fromSultan Suleiman the Magnificent Kanuni Sultan Süleyman ,who, according to these claims, was the “first Muslim Sultan toallow Jews to reside in Jerusalem”. Other authors claim, contradictory to what many historical sources suggest, that SultanAbdülhamid II played a role in assisting the Jewish Zionist migration to Palestine by the end of the 19thcentury. However,historical analyses show that these claims are very muchdoubtable as there is strong evidence on the presence of aJewish community in Jerusalem before the Ottoman rule ofthe city, despite what some academics describe as a ban overJews from residing in Jerusalem by Caliph Umar Ibn al-Khattab.This paper studies the Jewish presence in Jerusalem before theOttoman rule and the relationship between the Ottoman authorities and the Jewish community in Jerusalem under thereigns of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and Sultan AbdulhamidII. The paper argues for the Ottoman tolerant approach towardsdiverse faiths in that holy city

Kaynakça

  • Adamnan, Saint. The Pilgrimage of Archulfus in the Holy Land. (ed.) Macpherson, James Rose. 1889. London: Palestine Pilgrims Text Society
  • Ahmad, Mohammad. ‘al-Ḥayat al-Thaqāfiyyah wa al-Fikriyyah fī al-Quds fī al-‘Aṣr al-‘Uthmānī, in Majallat Jāmi‘at Dimashq lil Ādāb wa al-‘Ulūm al-Insāniyyah. (Special Volume al-Quds, 2009) Damascus University
  • Al-Arif, Arif. Al-Mufaṣṣal fī Tārīkh al-Quds. 2005. Beirut: al-Mu’assasah alArabiyyah, 5th edition
  • Asali, K.J. (ed.) Jerusalem in History. 1989. Essex: Scorpion Publishing Al-Basit, Musa. Al-‘Uhdah al-‘Umariyyah Bayna al-Qubūl wa al-Rad. 2000. Jerusalem: Markiz Sham
  • Cairo Geniza Documents, Cambridge University Library, T-S Ar.6.1
  • Carmel, Alex and others (eds.) The Jewish Settlement in Palestine. 1990. Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag
  • Cohen, Amnon. Jewish Life Under Islam: Jerusalem in the Sixteenth Century. 1984. Cambridge: Harvard University Press
  • Abu Dawood, Sulayman Ibn al-Ash‘ath. Sunan Abī Dāwūd. N.D. Beirut: al-Maktabah al-‘Aṣriyyah.
  • Gil, Moshe. A History of Palestine 634-1099. 1997. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • Güleryüz, Naim A. Bizanstan 20 Yüzyıla Türk Yahudileri. 2012. Istanbul: Gözlem Gezetecilik Basın ve Yayın
  • Kohen, Elle. History of the Turkish Jews and Sephardim, Memories of a Past Golden Age. 2007. Lanham: University Press of America
  • Lewis, Robert. ‘Roxelana’, in Encyclopaedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com/biography/Roxelana , Date accessed: 31 May 2017
  • Mahmud, Anis Abd al-Khaliq. Al-Sulṭān ‘Abd al-Ḥamīd wa al-Aṭmā‘ alṢuhyūniyyah fī Filisṭīn. 2014. Amman: Arwiqah
  • Makdisi, Ussama, Bear, Marc, and Shryock, Andrew. ‘Tolerance and Conversion in the Ottoman Empire: A Conversation’ in Comparative Studies in Society and History. Vol. 51, No. 4 (Oct., 2009)
  • Michel le Syrien,. Chronique de Michel le Syrien patriarche jacobite d’Antioche 1166- 1199. (ed.) J.B. Chabot. 1901. Paris: Ernest Leroux.
  • Ibn al-Murajjā, Abu al-Ma‘ālī al-Musharraf. Faḍā’il Bayt al-Maqdis wa al-Khalīl wa Faḍā’il al-Shām. (ed.) Ofer Livne-Kafri. 1995. Shfar’am: Dar al-Shuruq Lil Tarjamah wa al-Nashr
  • Nicloais, Nicolo. Le nauigationi et Viaggi, Fatti Nella Turchia di Nicolo de’ Nicolai. 1580. Venice: Preffo Francelco Ziletti
  • Nusairat, Fadwa. Dawr al-Sulṭān Abdulḥamīd al-Thānī fī Tas-hīl al-Sayṭarah alṢuhyūniyyah ‘Alā Filisṭīn. 2014. Beirut: Markiz Dirasat al-Wihda al-‘Arabiyyah
  • Patai, Raphael (ed.). Encyclopedia of Zionizm and Israel. 1971. New York: Herzl Press Prawer, Jushua and Ben-Shammai, Haggai (eds.) The History of Jerusalem in the Early Muslim Period. 1996. Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi
  • Shurrab, Muhammad Hassan. Mawsū‘at Bayt al-Maqdis wa al-Masjid al-Aqṣā. 2003. Amman: al-Ahliyyah
  • Al-Ṭabarī. Tārīkh al-Rusul wa al-Mulūk. (Ed.) Mohammad Abu al-Fadl Ibrahim. N.D. Cairo: Dar al-Ma‘arif. 2nd edition
  • Ibn Taghrī Bardī. Al-Nujūm al-Zāhirah fī Mulūk Miṣr wa al-Qāhirah. 1992. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah
  • Al-Tirmidhī, Muhammad Ibn ‘Īsā. Sunan al-Tirmidhī. (Eds.) Ahmad Shakir and others. 1975. Cairo: Mustafa al-Babi al-Halabi. 2nd edition
  • Al-‘Ulaymī, Mujīr al-Dīn. Al-Uns al-Jalīl bi Tārīkh al-Quds wa al-Khalīl. 1999. Amman: Maktabat Dandis
  • Zakkar, Suhayl. ‘Al-Islām al-Māsūnī min Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afaghānī Ḥattā al-‘Amīl alDawlī’ in al-Mizmah Studies and Research Center, Date/ , الإسلام الماسو ني من جمال الدين الأفغا/06/12/2015/com.almezmaah://http accessed: 04 November 2018

THE CLAIMS IMPLICATING THE OTTOMANS FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A JEWISH COMMUNITY IN JERUSALEM

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 27 - 39, 01.06.2018

Öz

Osmanlı Sultanı II. Bayezid devrinden itibaren, Osmanlı devletiile İslam dünyasında bulunan Yahudi toplulukları arasındaki ilişkiler genel olarak olumlu olarak tanımlanmıştır. Ne var ki, birkısım Arap akademisyenler, Kudüs’teki Yahudi mevcudiyetineilişkin olarak, “Yahudilerin Kudüs’te ikamet etmelerine izinveren ilk Müslüman Sultan” olan, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman’danbaşlayarak, Osmanlı rolüyle ilgili iddialarda bulunmuşlardır.Başka bazı yazarlar ise, birçok tarihsel kaynağın iddiasının aksine, Sultan II. Abdülhamid’in 19. yüzyılın sonlarında Filistin’eyönelik Yahudi Siyonist göçüne yardım etmede rol oynadığınıileri sürmektedir. Ne var ki, tarihsel analizler, bu iddiaların, bazıakademisyenlerin Yahudi cemaatinin Kudüs’te ikametinin Halife Ömer bin Hattab tarafından yasaklandığına ilişkin iddialarına rağmen, Kudüs’te bir Yahudi cemaatinin kentin Osmanlıegemenliğine geçmesinden önce mevcut olduğuna ilişkin eldegüçlü kanıtlar bulunduğundan, oldukça şüpheli olduğunu ortayakoymaktadır. Bu yazı, bir yandan Osmanlı egemenliği öncesindeKudüs’teki Yahudi varlığını, bir yandan da bölge Osmanlı egemenliğine geçtikten sonra Kanuni Sultan Süleyman ile SultanII. Abdülhamid’in hüküm sürdüğü dönemde Osmanlı yetkilileriile Kudüs’teki Yahudi toplumu arasındaki ilişkiyi ele almaktadır.Makale, bu kutsal şehirdeki farklı inançlara karşı Osmanlılarınhoşgörülü bir yaklaşım sergilediğini ileri sürmektedir

Kaynakça

  • Adamnan, Saint. The Pilgrimage of Archulfus in the Holy Land. (ed.) Macpherson, James Rose. 1889. London: Palestine Pilgrims Text Society
  • Ahmad, Mohammad. ‘al-Ḥayat al-Thaqāfiyyah wa al-Fikriyyah fī al-Quds fī al-‘Aṣr al-‘Uthmānī, in Majallat Jāmi‘at Dimashq lil Ādāb wa al-‘Ulūm al-Insāniyyah. (Special Volume al-Quds, 2009) Damascus University
  • Al-Arif, Arif. Al-Mufaṣṣal fī Tārīkh al-Quds. 2005. Beirut: al-Mu’assasah alArabiyyah, 5th edition
  • Asali, K.J. (ed.) Jerusalem in History. 1989. Essex: Scorpion Publishing Al-Basit, Musa. Al-‘Uhdah al-‘Umariyyah Bayna al-Qubūl wa al-Rad. 2000. Jerusalem: Markiz Sham
  • Cairo Geniza Documents, Cambridge University Library, T-S Ar.6.1
  • Carmel, Alex and others (eds.) The Jewish Settlement in Palestine. 1990. Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag
  • Cohen, Amnon. Jewish Life Under Islam: Jerusalem in the Sixteenth Century. 1984. Cambridge: Harvard University Press
  • Abu Dawood, Sulayman Ibn al-Ash‘ath. Sunan Abī Dāwūd. N.D. Beirut: al-Maktabah al-‘Aṣriyyah.
  • Gil, Moshe. A History of Palestine 634-1099. 1997. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  • Güleryüz, Naim A. Bizanstan 20 Yüzyıla Türk Yahudileri. 2012. Istanbul: Gözlem Gezetecilik Basın ve Yayın
  • Kohen, Elle. History of the Turkish Jews and Sephardim, Memories of a Past Golden Age. 2007. Lanham: University Press of America
  • Lewis, Robert. ‘Roxelana’, in Encyclopaedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com/biography/Roxelana , Date accessed: 31 May 2017
  • Mahmud, Anis Abd al-Khaliq. Al-Sulṭān ‘Abd al-Ḥamīd wa al-Aṭmā‘ alṢuhyūniyyah fī Filisṭīn. 2014. Amman: Arwiqah
  • Makdisi, Ussama, Bear, Marc, and Shryock, Andrew. ‘Tolerance and Conversion in the Ottoman Empire: A Conversation’ in Comparative Studies in Society and History. Vol. 51, No. 4 (Oct., 2009)
  • Michel le Syrien,. Chronique de Michel le Syrien patriarche jacobite d’Antioche 1166- 1199. (ed.) J.B. Chabot. 1901. Paris: Ernest Leroux.
  • Ibn al-Murajjā, Abu al-Ma‘ālī al-Musharraf. Faḍā’il Bayt al-Maqdis wa al-Khalīl wa Faḍā’il al-Shām. (ed.) Ofer Livne-Kafri. 1995. Shfar’am: Dar al-Shuruq Lil Tarjamah wa al-Nashr
  • Nicloais, Nicolo. Le nauigationi et Viaggi, Fatti Nella Turchia di Nicolo de’ Nicolai. 1580. Venice: Preffo Francelco Ziletti
  • Nusairat, Fadwa. Dawr al-Sulṭān Abdulḥamīd al-Thānī fī Tas-hīl al-Sayṭarah alṢuhyūniyyah ‘Alā Filisṭīn. 2014. Beirut: Markiz Dirasat al-Wihda al-‘Arabiyyah
  • Patai, Raphael (ed.). Encyclopedia of Zionizm and Israel. 1971. New York: Herzl Press Prawer, Jushua and Ben-Shammai, Haggai (eds.) The History of Jerusalem in the Early Muslim Period. 1996. Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi
  • Shurrab, Muhammad Hassan. Mawsū‘at Bayt al-Maqdis wa al-Masjid al-Aqṣā. 2003. Amman: al-Ahliyyah
  • Al-Ṭabarī. Tārīkh al-Rusul wa al-Mulūk. (Ed.) Mohammad Abu al-Fadl Ibrahim. N.D. Cairo: Dar al-Ma‘arif. 2nd edition
  • Ibn Taghrī Bardī. Al-Nujūm al-Zāhirah fī Mulūk Miṣr wa al-Qāhirah. 1992. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah
  • Al-Tirmidhī, Muhammad Ibn ‘Īsā. Sunan al-Tirmidhī. (Eds.) Ahmad Shakir and others. 1975. Cairo: Mustafa al-Babi al-Halabi. 2nd edition
  • Al-‘Ulaymī, Mujīr al-Dīn. Al-Uns al-Jalīl bi Tārīkh al-Quds wa al-Khalīl. 1999. Amman: Maktabat Dandis
  • Zakkar, Suhayl. ‘Al-Islām al-Māsūnī min Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afaghānī Ḥattā al-‘Amīl alDawlī’ in al-Mizmah Studies and Research Center, Date/ , الإسلام الماسو ني من جمال الدين الأفغا/06/12/2015/com.almezmaah://http accessed: 04 November 2018
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Marouf Omar Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Omar, Marouf. “THE CLAIMS IMPLICATING THE OTTOMANS FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A JEWISH COMMUNITY IN JERUSALEM”. Ortadoğu Etütleri 10, sy. 1 (Haziran 2018): 27-39.

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