<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2147-5881</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Pamukkale Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Civil Engineering (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>İnşaat Mühendisliği (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Investigation of thermal properties of Zostera marina added zeolitebentonite mixtures</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Zostera marina katkılı zeolit-bentonit karışımlarının termal özelliklerinin araştırılması</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Güneri</surname>
                                    <given-names>Esra</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İZMİR DEMOKRASİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20250429">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>29</month>
                    <year>2025</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>31</volume>
                                        <issue>2</issue>
                                        <fpage>256</fpage>
                                        <lpage>260</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20231129">
                        <day>11</day>
                        <month>29</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20240722">
                        <day>07</day>
                        <month>22</month>
                        <year>2024</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2013, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>The importance and number of energy structures are increasing, and due to the increasing temperature of the soil around these structures, materials that can stabilize or even optimize their resistance to temperature are needed. In this study, Standard Proctor test and thermal conductivity measurement tests of zeolite-bentonite and seaweed added mixtures were carried out by using Zostera marina sea plant, which is frequently used for thermal insulation. It was aimed to examine the seaweed additive from a thermal point of view. Thermal conductivity measurements showed that thermal conductivity increased as the seaweed contribution in the mixture increased. Also, generally the results indicated that seaweed, which has high resistance to thermal changes, is an alternative additive material that can be used in the presence of both seasonal changes and thermal changes caused by energy structures.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Enerji yapılarının önemi ve sayısı artış göstermektedir ve bu yapıların çevresindeki zeminlerin sıcaklığının artması nedeniyle, sıcaklığa karşı direncini stabilize edebilecek, hatta optimize edebilecek malzemelere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ısı yalıtımında sıklıkla kullanılan Zostera marina deniz bitkisi kullanılarak zeolit-bentonit ve deniz yosunu katkılı karışımların Standard Proctor deneyi ve termal iletkenlik ölçüm testleri yapılmıştır. Deniz yosunu katkı maddesinin termal açıdan incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Isıl iletkenlik ölçümleri, karışımdaki yosun katkısı arttıkça ısıl iletkenliğin arttığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca genel olarak sonuçlar, termal değişimlere karşı direnci yüksek olan deniz yosununun hem mevsimsel değişimler hem de enerji yapılarından kaynaklanan termal değişimler varlığında kullanılabilecek alternatif bir katkı malzemesi olduğunu göstermiştir.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Seaweed</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Temperature</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Thermal behavior</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  ZeoliteBentonite</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Deniz yosunu</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Sıcaklık</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Termal davranış</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Zeolit-Bentonit</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[1] Dixon DA, Gray MN, Thomas AW. “A study of the compaction properties of potential clay-sand mixtures for use in nuclear fuel waste”. Engineering Geology,  21(1-3), 247-255, 1985.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[2] Muller RA, Finsterle S, Grimsich, J Baltzer R, Muller EA, Rector JW, Payer J. “Disposal of high-level nuclear waste in deep horizontal drillholes”. Energies, 12(11), 2052, 2019.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[3] Sellin P, Leupin OX. “The use of clay as an engineered barrier in radioactive-waste management-a review”.  Clays and Clay Minerals, 61(6), 477-498, 2013.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[4] Raiko H. “Canister Design 2012”. Posiva Oy, Eurajoki, Finland, 2012.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[5] Juvankoski M. “Buffer Design 2012”. Posiva Report, Eurajoki, Finland, 2013.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[6] Smith MJ. “Engineered barrier development for a nuclear waste repository in basalt: an integration of current knowledge”. Rockwell International Corp, United States, 1980.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[7] Cho WJ, Lee JO, Kang CH. “Influence of salinity on the hydraulic conductivity of compacted bentonite”.  MRS Online Proceedings Library, 713, 1150, 2001.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[8] Horseman ST, McEwen TJ. “Thermal constrains on disposal of heatemitting waste in argillaceous rocks”. Engineering Geology, 41(1-4), 5-16, 1996.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[9] Hack H, Azzam R, Charlier R. Engineering Geology for Infrastructure Planning in Europe; a European Perspective. 2004th ed. Berlin, Germany, Springer, 2004.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[10] Komine H, Ogata N. “Predicting swelling characteristics of bentonites”. Journal of Geotechnical &amp; Geoenvironmental Engineering, 130(8), 818-830, 2004.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[11] Kaldy JE and Lee KS. “Factors controlling Zostera marina L. growth in the eastern and western Pacific Ocean: Comparisons between Korea and Oregon, USA”.  Aquatic Botany, 87(2), 116-126, 2007.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[12] Orth RJ, Moore KA. “Seasonal and year-to-year variations in the growth of Zostera marina L. (eelgrass) in the lower Chesapeake Bay”. Aquatic Botany. 24(4), 335-341, 1986.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[13] KrauseJensen D, Lavery P, Serrano O, Marba N, Masque P, Duarte CM. “Sequestration of macro algalcarbon: theelephantin the blue carbonroom”. Biology Letters, 14(6), 1-6, 2018.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[14] Hill R, Bellgrove A, Macreadie PI, Petrou K, Beardall J, Steven A and Ralph PJ. “Can macroalgae contribute to blue carbon? An Australian perspective”. Limnology and Oceanography, 60(5), 1689-1706, 2015.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[15] Greve TM, Borum J, Pedersen O. “Meristematic oxygen variability in eelgrass (Zostera marina)”. Limnology and Oceanography, 48(1), 210-216, 2003.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[16] Hemminga MA and Duarte CM. “Seagrass ecology”. Limnology and Oceanography, 47(2), 611-611, 2000.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[17] Delaney A, Frangoudes K and Ii SA. Society and Seaweed Understanding the Past and Present. Editors: Fleurence J, Levine I. Seaweed in Health and Disease Prevention,  7-40, Academic Press, 2016.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[18] Krause-Jensen D, Pedersen MF, Jensen C. “Regulation of eelgrass (Zostera marina) cover along depth gradients in Danish coastal waters”. Estuaries, 26(4), 866-877, 2003.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[19] Howarth L, Lewis-McCrea, L, Reid, GK. Centre for Marine Applied Research. “Managing Aquaculture and Eelgrass Interactions in Nova Scotia”. Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada, Technical Report, March 2021, 2021.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[20] Onat B, Yaşar G, Uzun B, Ayvaz C, Şahin ÜA. “Üniversite laboratuvarlarında iç ortam çevre kalitesi”.  Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 29(6), 642-649, 2023.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[21] ASTM International. “Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3))”.  West Conshohocken, PA, USA, ASTM: D698-12, 2012.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[22] Diallo ML, Ünsever YS. “İnşaat yıkıntı atığı ve kireçle kil zeminin stabilizasyonu üzerine deneysel bir çalışma”.  Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 26(6), 1030-1034, 2020.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[23] Alpaydın ŞG. An Investigation of Effects of Boron Additives On The Permeability And Shear Strength Behavior of Sand-Bentonite Mixtures Under High Temperatures.  MSc Thesis, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Türkiye, 2019.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[24] Çirkin İ, Yükselen Aksoy Y. “Pomza, perlit ve cam elyaf katkilarinin yüksek sicaklik altinda kum-kaolin karişimlarinin kayma dayanimi davranişina etkisi”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 24(71), 657-663, 2022.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
