<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>pausbed</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1308-2922</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2147-6985</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Pamukkale Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30794/pausbed.1757308</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Public Administration</subject>
                                                            <subject>History of Central Asia</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Kamu Yönetimi</subject>
                                                            <subject>Orta Asya Tarihi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>A SOCIO-POLITICAL TYPOLOGY OF THE STEPPE: AN ANALYSIS OF KHAZANOV’S UNDERSTANDING OF NOMADIC STATES</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>BOZKIRIN SOSYO-POLİTİK TİPOLOJİSİ: KHAZANOV’UN GÖÇEBE DEVLET ANLAYIŞI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-7591</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Tosun</surname>
                                    <given-names>İlkay</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Aksaray Üniversitesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                                                <issue>Advanced Online Publication</issue>
                                                
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20250803">
                        <day>08</day>
                        <month>03</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20251116">
                        <day>11</day>
                        <month>16</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2008, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2008</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>This study examines Anatoly Khazanov’s conception of the nomadic state and the position of this conception within the broader literature. Khazanov’s approach, which interprets the political organization of nomadic societies not solely through their internal dynamics but through the asymmetric and reciprocal relations they established with sedentary neighbors, is analyzed in relation to dominant Marxist and Weberian theories of the state. The study also discusses how Khazanov positions nomadic polities within the debates on chiefdoms and early states and evaluates his classification of nomadic political formations. Taken together, these discussions demonstrate that the political structures of the Eurasian steppe cannot be fully explained through sedentary-centered evolutionary models, and the study aims to develop an alternative and context-sensitive interpretation of nomadic political organization.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Bu çalışma, Anatoly Khazanov’un göçebe devlet anlayışını ve bu anlayışın literatürdeki konumunu incelemektedir. Khazanov’un, göçebe toplumların siyasal yapılanmalarını yalnızca içsel dinamikler üzerinden değil, yerleşik toplumlarla kurdukları karşılıklı ve asimetrik ilişkiler bağlamında ele alan yaklaşımı, hâkim Marksist ve Weberyen devlet kuramlarıyla ilişkisi içinde değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca şeflik ve erken devlet tartışmaları çerçevesinde Khazanov’un göçebe devleti nasıl konumlandırdığı açıklanarak, göçebe siyasal örgütlenmelerine yönelik sınıflandırması analitik biçimde ele alınmaktadır. Bu değerlendirmeler, Avrasya bozkırlarına özgü siyasal biçimlerin yerleşik merkezli evrimci modellerle tam olarak açıklanamayacağını göstererek, göçebe toplumların siyasal örgütlenmelerine dair alternatif ve bağlamsal bir yorum geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                                                                                <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Göçebe devlet</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Khazanov</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Erken devlet</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Şeflik</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Avrasya bozkırı</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                                                                        <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Nomadic state</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Khazanov</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Early state</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Chiefdom</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Eurasian steppe</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bondarenko, D. M., Korotayev, A. V., &amp; Kradin, N. N. (2023). Introduction: Social evolution, alternatives, and nomadism. I. V. Sledzevski (Ed.), Nomadic pathways in social evolution (s.1-23). Center for Civilizational and Regional Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Carneiro, R. L. (1969). A theory of the origin of the state. Science, 169(3947), 733–738.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Carneiro, R. L. (1981). Transition to statehood in the New World. R. G. Jones (Ed.), The chiefdom as precursor of the state (s.834-871). Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Claessen, H. J., &amp; Skalnik, P. (1993). Erken devlet Kuramlar ve Varsayımlar. P. Skalnik &amp; H. J. Claessen (Ed.), Erken devlet (s.3-42). İmge Kitabevi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cohen, R. (1993). Devletin kökenleri: Yeniden değerlendirme. P. Skalnik &amp; H. J. Claessen (Ed.), Erken devlet (s.43-111). İmge Kitabevi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Çelik, T. (2024). A. M. Khazanov, Göçebe ve dış dünya: Kitap incelemesi. Publicus, 2(1), 226–238.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Earle, T. (2001). Şefliklerin evrimi. T. Earle (Ed.), Devlete doğru (s.9-26). Ütopya Yayınları.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Galvin, K. A. (2010). Anatoly Khazanov: Outstanding contributor to the study of nomadic pastoral societies. Nomadic Peoples, 14(2), 1–2.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gellner, E. (2015). Önsöz. A. Khazanov, Göçebe ve dış dünya (s.7-27). Doğu Kütüphanesi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Golden, P. (2015). The stateless nomads of early medieval Central Eurasia. Materialy po Arkheologii, Istorii i Etnografii Tavrii, 20(33), 338–368.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Golden, P. (2018). Türk halkları tarihine giriş. Ötüken Yayınları.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Güler, B. A. (2023). Devlet bilimi: Göçebe ve yerleşik devlet. İmge Kitabevi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kaufmann, J. C. (2000). The long walk I—Pastoral nomads and anthropology: An interview with Anatoly M. 
Khazanov. Nomadic Peoples, 4(1), 5–22.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Khazanov, A. M. (1978). Characteristic features of nomadic communities in the Eurasian steppes. W. Weissleder (Ed.), The nomadic alternative: Modes and models of interaction in the African-Asian deserts and steppes (s.119-126). De Gruyter Mouton.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Khazanov, A. M. (1993). Erken devlet çalışmasının bazı kuramsal sorunları. P. Skalnik &amp; H. J. Claessen (Ed.), Erken devlet (s.113-133). İmge Kitabevi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Khazanov, A. M. (2003). Nomads of the Eurasian steppes in historical retrospective. Nomadic pathways in social evolution. Center for Civilizational and Regional Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Khazanov, A. M. (2015). Göçebe ve dış dünya. Doğu Kütüphanesi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Khazanov, A. M. (2019). Steppe nomads in the Eurasian trade. Chungara Revista de Antropología Chilena, 51(1), 85–93.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Krader, L. (1993). Devletin Asya göçebeleri arasındaki kökeni. P. Skalnik &amp; H. J. Claessen (Ed.), Erken devlet (s.135-154). İmge Kitabevi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kradin, N. N. (2003). Ernest Gellner and debates on nomadic feudalism. Social Evolution &amp; History, 2(2), 162–176.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kradin, N. N. (2008). Early state theory and the evolution of pastoral nomads. Social Evolution &amp; History, 7(1), 107–
130.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lattimore, O. (1940). Inner Asian frontiers of China. American Geographical Society.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lattimore, O. (1979). Herdsmen, farmers, urban culture. Pastoral Production and Society, 479–490.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Markov, G. (2010). Kochevniki Azii (Asya’nın göçebeleri). URSS.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Service, E. (1975). Origins of the state and civilizations. Norton.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sodnompilova, M. M., &amp; B. Z. (2019). The idea of space among the nomads of the great steppe. Social Evolution &amp; History, 18(2), 35–54.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yılmaz, B. (2023). A. M. Khazanov, Göçebe ve dış dünya: Kitap incelemesi. Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi, 19, 375–384.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
