NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY OF THE UNITED STATES AND THE MIDDLE EAST: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE TRUMP AND BIDEN ADMINISTRATIONS

Öz

This article examines the role of the Middle East in the national security strategies of the Trump and Biden administrations. The Middle East is central to the United States (US) national security agenda. The national security strategy plays a decisive role in shaping US foreign policy towards the region. This study analyzes the national security strategies of the Trump and Biden administrations in the Middle East with comparative method. Despite efforts to reduce military presence that began during the Obama administration, the US has maintained its military presence and security commitments in the region in Trump and Biden administrations. The divergence of their national security strategies on some issues has also impacted the US policy towards the region during these periods. The study asserts that, during the Trump era, the Middle East was addressed within the confines of the traditional security approach, whereas during the Biden era, the Middle East was incorporated into the national security strategy in accordance with the new understanding of security and threats.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Middle East
• USA
• National Security
• Trump
• Biden

AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ’NİN ULUSAL GÜVENLİK STRATEJİSİ VE ORTA DOĞU: TRUMP VE BİDEN DÖNEMLERİ ÜZERİNE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR İNCELEME

Öz

Bu makale Trump ve Biden dönemleri ulusal güvenlik stratejilerinde Orta Doğu’nun yerini ele almayı amaçlamaktadır. Bir bölge olarak Orta Doğu, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin (ABD) ulusal güvenliği açısından önemli bir yere sahiptir. ABD’nin dış politikasının şekillenmesinde ulusal güvenlik stratejisi belirleyici olmaktadır. Bu açıdan ulusal güvenlik stratejisi de ABD’nin bölgeye yönelik politikasında önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu çalışma Trump ve Biden dönemi ulusal güvenlik stratejilerinin Orta Doğu’ya ilişkin yaklaşımlarını karşılaştırmalı bir perspektiften ele alacaktır. Obama döneminden itibaren başlayan Orta Doğu’da askeri varlığı azaltma çabaları Trump ve Biden dönemlerinde devam etmiştir. Ancak ABD, bölgedeki askeri varlığını ve güvenlik taahhütlerini sürdürmeye çalışmıştır. Trump ve Biden dönemi ulusal güvenlik stratejilerinin bazı konularda farklılaşması ABD'nin bu dönemlerde bölgeye yönelik politikasını da etkilemiştir. Bu bakımdan çalışma, Trump döneminde Orta Doğu’nun geleneksel güvenlik anlayışı çerçevesinde ele alındığını Biden döneminde ise yeni güvenlik/tehdit anlayışı açısından Orta Doğu’nun ulusal güvenlik stratejisinde yer edindiğini ileri sürmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Orta Doğu
• ABD
• Ulusal Güvenlik
• Trump
• Biden

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