Ağ Teorisinin Temelleri ve Evrimi: Bütünsel Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 265 - 288, 31.12.2021

Sevim Unutulmaz Murat Ali Dulupçu

https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1012279

Öz

Geçtiğimiz yıllar içerisinde pek çok fizikçi, internet teorisyeni ve sosyal bilimci, ağ teorisinin geliştirilmesinde önemli adımlar atmışlardır. Bu teori ve onun giderek artan bir şekilde ağ bilimi olarak adlandırılan ampirik temeli, ağların neden ortaya çıktığını, nasıl büyüdüklerini ve geliştiklerini açıklamaya çalışmaktadır. Ağ perspektifi, biyoloji, sosyal bilimler, bilgi bilimleri, ekonomik ve diğer alanlar hakkında derin soruların ele alınmasını sağlar. Ağ bilimi sosyal ağlar, internet, karayolları ve terörist ağlarını da kapsayan çeşitli ağlarda muazzam benzerlikler olduğunu göstermiştir. Günümüzde büyük ölçekli ağları anlayabilmek için ağ bilimine disiplinler arası bir yaklaşım gerekmektedir. Örneğin matematik bilimcileri yol uzunlukları, derece dağılımları ve korelasyon katsayıları gibi ağın istatistiksel yapısına odaklanmışlardır. Bir araştırma alanında geliştirilen ölçüm, modelleme veya görselleştirme algoritmaları ağlar hakkındaki kavrayışı arttırmaktadır. Ağdaki bağlantılar insanların öğrenme, fikir oluşturma, haber toplama yöntemlerini ve hastalığın yayılması gibi pek çok olayı etkiler. Bu ağların yapısı hakkında yeterince bilgi elde edilmediği taktirde, ilgili sistemlerin tam olarak nasıl çalıştığını anlamak mümkün değildir. Bu bağlamda ağlar önemlidir çünkü ağlar anlaşılmaz ise piyasaların nasıl işlediği, kuruluşların sorunlarını nasıl çözdüğü veya toplumların nasıl değiştiğini anlamak mümkün değildir. Bu nedenle çalışmada öncelikli olarak ağ teorisinin teorik ve kavramsal çerçevesi incelenmiştir. Ardından geçmişten günümüze ağ teorisi ile ilgili önemli olayların tarihsel zaman çizelgesine bakılıp, ağ teorisinin istatistiksel temeli, ilkeleri, felsefesi ve matematiği ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ağ teorisi, Ağ Tarihçesi, Temel Kavramlar, Teorik Modeller

Fundamentals and Evolution of Network Theory: A Holistic Evaluation

Öz

Over the past years, many physicists, internet theorists, and social scientists have made significant strides in the development of network theory. This theory and its empirical basis, increasingly referred to as network science, attempts to explain why networks arise and how they grow and evolve. The network perspective enables deep questions to be addressed in biology, social sciences, economics and other fields. Network science has shown tremendous similarities in various networks, including social networks, the internet and terrorist networks. An interdisciplinary approach to network science is required to understand large-scale networks today. For example, mathematicians have focused on the statistical structure of the network, such as path lengths, degree distributions, and correlation coefficients. Measurement, modeling or visualization algorithms developed in a research area increase the understanding of networks. Connections in the network influence the way people learn, form opinions, gather news, and many things, such as the spread of disease. Unless enough information is obtained about the structure of these networks, it is not possible to understand exactly how the related systems work. In this context, networks are important because if networks are not understood, it is not possible to understand how markets work, how organizations solve their problems or how societies change. For this reason, the theoretical and conceptual framework of network theory is primarily examined in this study. Then, the historical timeline of important events related to network theory from past to present is examined, and the statistical basis, principles, philosophy and mathematics of network theory are discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Network Science, Network History, Basic Concepts, Theoretical Models

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