PESA Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 2528-9950 2149-8385 Politik Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Merkezi Justice and Development Party and Muslim Brotherhood in the “Arab Spring”: A Failed Post-Islamist Interaction to Transform the Middle East Bekaroğlu Edip Asaf 04 01 2016 2 1 1 16 04 01 2016 Copyright © 2015, PESA Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 2015 PESA Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi

This paper aims at evaluating the presumed impact of the “Turkish model” on the transformation of Islamists in the Middle East through a post-Islamist turn by focusing on the interaction between Turkey’s Justice and Development Party (JDP) and Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood (MB). It argues that the process of “Arab Spring” in general and the MB’s government experience in particular played a constitutive role in shaping public and intellectual opinions on the Turkish model. To elaborate on this argument, a media survey and in-depth interviews are conducted. Media survey includes three major newspapers: Hürriyet, Star and Zaman. This media analysis is accompanied by in-depth interviews with nine significant individuals from Turkish political and intellectual elite, who are influential in Islamist circles and the JDP.

 Altunışık, Meliha B. and Lenore G. Martin (2011), “Making Sense of Turkish Foreign Policy in the Middle East under JDP,” Turkish Studies, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 569-587. Alpay, Şahin (2011), “Mısır, İran olur mu?” (Would Egypt be Iran?), Zaman, 5 February. Aras, Bülent (2009), “The Davutoğlu Era in Turkish Foreign Policy,” Insight Turkey, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 127-142 ----------------(2010), “Arabulucu değil, oyun kurucu dış politika” (Not a mediator, but a play-maker foreign policy), Star, 15 March, http://www.stargazete.com/acikgorus/arabulucu-degil-oyun-kurucu-dis-politika-haber-249825.htm. Ayata, Bilgin (2015), “Turkish Foreign Policy in a Changing Arab World: Rise and Fall of a Regional Actor,” Journal of European Integration, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 95-112. Aydın, Ertan (2011), “Erdoğan neden laiklikten korkmayın dedi?” (Why did Erdoğan say not to afraid of secularism?), Star Açık Görüş, 2 October. Bayat, Asef (1996) “The Coming of a Post-Islamist Society,” Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies, Issue: 5, no. 9, pp. 43-52. ---------------(2011), “Egypt, and the post-Islamist Middle East,” Open Democracy, 8 February, https://www.opendemocracy.net/asef-bayat/egypt-and-post-islamist-middle-east. Çandar, Cengiz (2011), “Başbakan’ın zafer turu ve laiklik mesajının adresi” (PM’s tour of victory and the adress of his secularism statement), Hürriyet, 15 September, http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/basbakan-in-zafer-turu-ve-laiklik-mesajinin-adresi-18742520. Dağı, İhsan (2012), “Şeriatı savunmak” (Defending Shaira), Zaman, 3 February. Dalay, Galip and Dov Friedman (2013), “The AK Party and the Evolution of Turkish Political Islam’s Foreign Policy,” Insight Turkey, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 124, 132. Duran, Burhanettin (2006), “JDP and Foreign Policy as an Agent of Transformation,” in Hakan Yavuz (ed.) The Emergence of a New Turkey: Democracy and the AK Party, Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, pp. 281-305. Huntington, Samuel P. (1993), “The Clash of Civilizations,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 72, No. 3, pp. 22-50. Kahraman, Hasan Bülent (2010), “Dünya devleti Türkiye ve ABD” (World state Turkey and the USA), Sabah, 27 December. http://www.sabah.com.tr/Yazarlar/kahraman/2010/12/27/dunya_devleti_turkiye_ve_abd Kalın, İbrahim (2009), Debating Turkey in the Middle East: The Dawn of a New Geo-Political Imagination?,” Insight Turkey, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 83-96. Kundnani, Arun (2008), “Islamism and the Roots of Liberal Rage,” Race & Class, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 40-68. Koru, Fehmi (2011), “Bir çiçekle bahar olmaz. Bir yangınla kış gelir mi?” (Spring doesn’t come with a single flower. Would Winter come with a fire?) Star, 13 October. Küçükcan, Talip (2010), “Ortadoğu’nun ilham kaynağı Türkiye” (Turkey as a source of inspiration for the Middle East), Sabah, 23 October. Sedat Laçiner, “Oyun kurucu olarak Türkiye” (Turkey as play maker), Star, 22 April 2012, http://www.stargazete.com/politika/yazar/sedat-laciner/oyun-kurucu-olarak-turkiye-haber-441956.htm Bernard Lewis (1990), “The Roots of Muslim Rage,” Atlantic Monthly, No. 266, pp. 47-60. Roy, Oliver (2011), “Post-Islamic revolution,” European Institute (February), http://www.europeaninstitute.org/index.php/ei-blog/119-february-2011/1238-qpost-islamic-revolutionq-events-in-egypt-analyzed-by-french-expert-on-political-islam. Schwedler, Jillian (1998), “A Paradox of Democracy? Islamist Participation in Elections,” Middle East Report, No. 209, pp. 25-29. See also Üstel, Aziz (2011), “Müslüman Kardeşleri bilir misiniz siz?” (Do you ever know Muslim Brotherhood?), Star (7 February). Wright, Robin (1992), “Islam, Democracy and the West,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 71, No. 3, pp. 131-145.