Erken Dönem Psikolojik Travmaların Limbik Sistem Yapısı ve İşlevi Üzerindeki Etkileri

Öz

Bu makale psikolojik travmanın ne olduğunu (türlerini de içerecek şekilde) ve erken travmatik deneyimlerin, özellikle limbik sistem içerisindeki hipokampüs ve amigdala olmak üzere, yetişkin insan beyni yapılarını nasıl etkilediğini klinik psikoloji bağlamında derlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Erken dönem travma, psikolojik travma, çocukluk çağı travması, limbik sistem, hipokampus, amigdala ve nörogörüntüleme gibi anahtar kelimeler kullanılarak 1996 ile 2024 yılları arasında yayımlanan orijinal makaleler, PubMed, PsycArticles, Web of Science ve Google Scholar gibi önemli veri tabanlarında sistemli bir şekilde taranmıştır. Makaleler ilk olarak başlıklarına göre taranıp, ardından araştırma popülasyonu, incelenen beyin bölgeleri ve travma türleri gibi arama kriterlerini karşılayan çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu derlemede toplamda 136 makale seçilmiş ve tartışılmıştır. Yaşamın erken dönemlerindeki travma yaşantıları, özellikle limbik sistemde olmak üzere, nörogelişimsel hasarlara sebep olarak bireylerin psikolojik sağlık durumları üzerinde önemli olumsuz etkilere sahip olabilmektedir. Travmanın insanların düşünüş, davranış ve hissediş biçimlerini etkilediği bilinse de alan yazındaki birbiriyle çelişen bulguların kaynağını anlayabilmek adına, nörogörüntüleme çalışmalarının bulgularının amigdala ve hipokampüs özelinde farklı travma türleriyle ilişkili olarak nasıl değişkenlik gösterdiği gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalarda daha detaylı şekilde araştırılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• psikolojik travma
• çocukluk çağı travması
• limbik sistem
• hipokampüs
• amigdala

Effects of Early Psychological Trauma on Limbic System Structure and Function

Abstract

This paper aims to review the subtypes of childhood trauma and its effects on brain structures and function, especially the hippocampus and amygdala within the limbic system, in the context of clinical psychology. For this purpose, original articles published between 1996 and 2024 were systematically searched in major databases such as PubMed, PsycArticles, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using keywords such as early childhood trauma, psychological trauma, limbic system, hippocampus, amygdala, and neuroimaging. The articles were initially screened based on their titles, and those meeting the search criteria, including study population, investigated brain regions, and types of traumas, were further assessed for relevance. Ultimately, 136 articles were selected and discussed in this review. Trauma experiences in early life can have a significantly negative influence on a person's psychological health by causing neurodevelopmental impairments, especially in the limbic system. While it is understood that trauma influences how individuals think, behave, and feel, the results of neuroimaging studies reveal variations in the amygdala and hippocampus based on different trauma subtypes. These changes merit deeper investigation in future research to fully understand the reasons behind the diverse findings in existing literature.

Keywords

• psychological trauma
• childhood trauma
• limbic system
• hippocampus
• amygdala

Kaynakça

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