Investigation of the Relationship between Antioxidant Levels and Body Mass Index and Obesity

Abstract

Objective: Today, it is well known that obesity plays a role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, and one of these mechanisms of action is oxidative stress. There are many studies on the formation of oxidative stress in obesity, but its effect on young adults (18-35 years old) is not fully known. Method: In this context, we investigated oxidative stress levels by measuring oxidant (MDA) and antioxidant (SOD) parameters in young adult obese and overweight individuals with ELISA method. Our hypothesis is that the oxidant parameter (MDA) is high and the antioxidant parameter (SOD) is low in young adult obese individuals due to oxidative stress. Results: According to the study results, a statistically significant difference was found in the SOD and MDA values ​​of overweight individuals (p<0.001) and a statistical difference was found in the SOD and MDA values ​​of obese individuals (p<0.05). According to the results of our study, oxidative stress is high not only in obese but also in overweight individuals. In fact, a higher rate of oxidative stress was observed in overweight individuals compared to obese individuals. Conclusion: These data show us the importance of weight control in preventing the development of diseases by preventing the formation of oxidative stress. With further research, the effect of oxidative stress in young individuals will be understood more clearly.

Keywords

• MDA
• Obesity
• Overweight
• Oxidative Stress
• SOD

References

1. 1. Lingvay I, Cohen R V, Roux CW le, Sumithran P. Obesity in adults. The Lancet. 2024;404(10456):972-987.
2. 2. Sarma S, Sockalingam S, Dash S. Obesity as a multisystem disease: Trends in obesity rates and obesity-related complications. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 2021;23(S1):3-16.
3. 3. Kunz HE, Hart CR, Gries KJ, et al. Adipose tissue macrophage populations and inflammation are associated with systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. Am. J. Physiol Endocrinol. Metab. 2021;321(1):E105-E121.
4. 4. Ahmed B, Sultana R, Greene MW. Adipose tissue and insulin resistance in obese. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2021;137:111315.
5. 5. Jakubiak GK, Osadnik K, Lejawa M, Kasperczyk S, Osadnik T, Pawlas N. Oxidative Stress in Association with Metabolic Health and Obesity in Young Adults. Oxid. Med. Cell Longev. 2021;2021(1):9987352.
6. 6. García-Sánchez A, Gámez-Nava J, Díaz- De la Cruz E, et al. The Effect of Visceral Abdominal Fat Volume on Oxidative Stress and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Subjects with Normal Weight, Overweight and Obesity. Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes. 2020;13:1077-1087.
7. 7. Zhao L, Liang J, Chen F, et al. High carbohydrate diet induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress, promoted inflammation and apoptosis, impaired intestinal barrier of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2021;119:308-317.
8. 8. Shabalala SC, Johnson R, Basson AK, et al. Detrimental effects of lipid peroxidation in type 2 diabetes: Exploring the neutralizing influence of antioxidants. Antioxidants. 2022;11(10):2071.

9. 9. Gusti AMT, Qusti SY, Alshammari EM, Toraih EA, Fawzy MS. Antioxidants-related superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) gene variants analysis in an obese population: a preliminary case-control study. Antioxidants. 2021;10(4):595.
10. 10. Panic A, Stanimirovic J, Sudar-Milovanovic E, Isenovic ER. Oxidative stress in obesity and insulin resistance. Explor Med. 2022;3(1):58-70.
11. 11. Huang Y, Chen H, Liu Q, et al. Obesity difference on association blood malondialdehyde level and diastolic hypertension in the elderly population: a cross-sectional analysis. Eur J Med Res. 2023;28.
12. 12. Monserrat-Mesquida M, Quetglas-Llabrés M, Capó X, et al. Metabolic syndrome is associated with oxidative stress and proinflammatory state. Antioxidants. 2020;9(3):236.
13. 13. Zhang M, Liu N, Liu H. Determination of the Total Mass of Antioxidant Substances and Antioxidant Capacity per Unit Mass in Serum Using Redox Titration. Bioinorg. Chem. Appl. 2014;2014(1):928595.
14. 14. Cota-Magaña AI, Vazquez-Moreno M, Rocha-Aguado A, et al. Obesity Is Associated with Oxidative Stress Markers and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Mexican Children. Antioxidants. 2024;13(4).
15. 15. Vincent HK, Innes KE, Vincent KR. Oxidative stress and potential interventions to reduce oxidative stress in overweight and obesity. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2007;9(6):813-839.
16. 16. Jomova K, Raptova R, Alomar S, et al. Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: chronic diseases and aging. Arch Toxicol. 2023;97:1-76.