Development and in vitro characterization of nanoemulsion and nanoemulsion-based gel formulations containing Heracleum persicum ethanol extract

Abstract

Objective: We aimed to prepare the ethanol extract (Hp-Et) of the aerial parts of Heracleum persicum (Hp) and to determine its antioxidant capacity. We also aimed to develop nanoemulsion (NE) and NE-based gel (NEG) formulations containing this extract for topical application to the skin for wound healing and to characterize these formulations in vitro. Methods: After the preparation of Hp-Et, its antioxidant capacity was determined by FRAP, CUPRAC, and DPPH methods. Then, blank NE (B-NE) and the extract-containing NE (Hp-Et-NE) formulations were developed and in vitro characterized [morphological analysis; centrifuge test; the determination of droplet size (DtS), polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential; viscosity and pH measurements; FT-IR analysis]. Additionally, B-NEG and Hp-Et-NEG were prepared and in vitro characterized [viscosity and pH measurements; FT-IR analysis]. Results: DtS and zeta potential values of NE formulations were around 200 nm and -30 mV, respectively. PDI values were less than 0.4. The pH values for NE and NEG formulations were in the range of 4.63±0.01-5.73±0.01. The NE and NEG formulations showed Newtonian and pseudoplastic behaviors, respectively. Conclusion: Hp-Et-NEG exhibits the desired pseudoplastic behavior for topical application to the skin.

Keywords

• Ethanol extract
• Heracleum persicum
• in vitro characterization
• nanoemulsion
• nanoemulsion-based gel

Heracleum persicum etanol ekstresi içeren nanoemülsiyon ve nanoemülsiyon bazlı jel formülasyonlarının geliştirilmesi ve in vitro karakterizasyonu

Öz

Amaç: Heracleum persicum (Hp)’un toprak üstü kısımlarının etanol ekstresini (Hp-Et) hazırlamayı ve antioksidan kapasitesini saptamayı amaçladık. Ayrıca, yara iyileşmesine yönelik cilt üzerine topikal uygulama için bu ekstreyi içeren nanoemülsiyon (NE) ve NE-bazlı jel (NEJ) formülasyonlarını geliştirmeyi ve bu formülasyonları in vitro olarak karakterize etmeyi amaçladık. Yöntemler: Hp-Et'nin hazırlanmasından sonra, antioksidan kapasitesi FRAP, CUPRAC ve DPPH yöntemleriyle belirlendi. Daha sonra, boş NE (B-NE) ve ekstre içeren NE (Hp-Et-NE) formülasyonları geliştirildi ve in vitro karakterize edildi [morfolojik analiz; santrifüj testi; damlacık boyutu (DtS)’nun, polidispersite indeksi (PDI)’nin ve zeta potansiyelin belirlenmesi; viskozite ve pH ölçümleri; FT-IR analizi]. Ek olarak, B-NEG ve Hp-Et-NEG hazırlandı ve in vitro karakterize edildi [viskozite ve pH ölçümleri; FT-IR analizi]. Sonuçlar: NE formülasyonlarının DtS ve zeta potansiyel değerleri sırasıyla 200 nm ve -30 mV civarındaydı. PDI değerleri 0,4'ten küçüktü. NE ve NEG formülasyonlarının pH değerleri 4.63±0.01-5.73±0.01 aralığındaydı. NE ve NEG formülasyonları sırasıyla Newtonian ve pseudoplastik davranışlar gösterdi. Sonuç: Hp-Et-NEG, cilt üzerine topikal uygulama için istenen pseudoplastik davranışı göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Etanol ekstresi
• Heracleum persicum
• in vitro karakterizasyon
• nanoemülsiyon
• nanoemülsiyon-bazlı jel

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