Politeknik Dergisi 2147-9429 Gazi Üniversitesi 10.2339/politeknik.1192824 Engineering Mühendislik Digital Image Watermarking with Hybrid Structure of DWT, DCT, SVD Techniques and The Optimization with BFO Algorithm DWT, DCT, SVD Tekniklerinden oluşan Hibrid Yapı ile Dijital Görüntü Filigran Ekleme ve BFO Algoritması ile Optimizasyonu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4733-4684 Yıldız Sadık GAZI UNIVERSITY, INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES TEACHING (DR) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3087-895X Üstünsoy Furkan GAZI UNIVERSITY, INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES TEACHING (DR) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0692-172X Sayan Hasan Hüseyin GAZI UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 07 25 2024 27 3 857 871 10 21 2022 12 18 2022 Copyright © 1998, Politeknik Dergisi 1998 Politeknik Dergisi

The copyright violations in digital images and the violations of the privacy of personal data are happened with the development of technology and the widespread use of the internet. The usage of watermarks in digital images provides high protection to image owners in copyright protection and in protection of personal data. In this paper, watermarks have been added to digital images by using discrete wavelet transform (DWT), discrete cosine transform (DCT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) methods, respectively. “Gaussian”, “shot”, “salt & pepper” and “speckle” noises are added to watermarked images, respectively. The original image and the watermark have been extracted from the watermarked image after adding noise. The original image and watermark have been re-extracted from the optimized watermarked image by using the bacterial foraging optimization (BFO) technique. In this step, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm has been used to set the best position of the chemotactic parameters of the BFO algorithm. The peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), normalized cross correlation (NCC) and image fidelity (IF) values have been calculated and compared to see the success performance of watermarking techniques and optimization techniques.

Teknolojinin gelişmesi ve internet kullanımının yaygınlaşması ile sayısal görüntülerde telif hakkı ihlalleri ve kişisel verilerin gizliliğinde ihlaller yaşanmaktadır. Dijital görüntülerde filigran kullanmak telif haklarının korunmasında ve kişisel verilerin korunmasında görüntü sahiplerine yüksek koruma sağlamaktadır. Bu makale çalışmasında sayısal görüntülere sırasıyla ayrık dalgacık dönüşümü (DWT), ayrık kosinüs dönüşümü (DCT) ve tekil değer ayrıştırma (SVD) yöntemleri kullanılarak filigran eklendi. Filigran eklenen görüntülere sırasıyla “Gauss”, “Atış”, “tuz-biber” ve “benek” gürültüleri eklenmiştir. Gürültü ekleme işlemlerinin ardından filigran uygulanan görüntüden orijinal görüntü ve filigran çıkarılmıştır. Bakteri arama optimizasyonu (BFO) tekniği kullanılarak optimize edilen filigranlı görüntüden orijinal görüntü ve filigran tekrar çıkarılmıştır. Bu adımda BFO algoritmasının kemotaktik parametrelerinin en iyi pozisyonunu belirlemek için parçacık sürüsü optimizasyonu (PSO) algoritması kullanılmıştır. Filigran teknikleri ve optimizasyon tekniklerinin başarı performanslarını göstermek için tepe sinyal-gürültü oranı (PSNR), Normalleştirilmiş çapraz korelasyon (NCC) ve görüntü uygunluk (IF) değerleri hesaplanarak karşılaştırılmıştır.

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