<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Politeknik Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2147-9429</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Gazi Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2339/politeknik.1194931</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Engineering</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Mühendislik</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization Approach for Prediction of Physical Parameters of Rectangular-Shaped Microstrip Antenna</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Dikdörtgen Şekilli Mikroşerit Antenin Fiziksel Parametrelerinin Tahmini İçin Genetik Algoritma ve Parçacık Sürüsü Optimizasyon Yaklaşımı</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6590-4188</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Seven</surname>
                                    <given-names>Zeynep Sıdıka</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>TED UNIVERSITY</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9001-0506</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Can</surname>
                                    <given-names>Sultan</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20240327">
                    <day>03</day>
                    <month>27</month>
                    <year>2024</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>27</volume>
                                        <issue>2</issue>
                                        <fpage>777</fpage>
                                        <lpage>787</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20221026">
                        <day>10</day>
                        <month>26</month>
                        <year>2022</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20230307">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>07</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1998, Politeknik Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1998</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Politeknik Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>This study presents the results of two optimization algorithms for estimating the resonant frequency, bandwidth, feed point, and input impedance of a rectangular-shaped microstrip antenna. To minimize the design cost and design time, genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization methods have been applied and compared. The antenna design parameters were considered by using a genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) is implemented in the MATLAB® environment. The calculation results were assimilated with other studies in the literature in terms of accuracy. The computational results of the optimized parameters are having a good agreement with the experimental results. The optimized antenna was modeled and verified by the analyses performed using the CST Studio Suite® software.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Bu çalışmada, bir dikdörtgen şekilli mikroşerit antenin çalışma frekansı, bant genişliği, besleme noktası ve giriş empedansını tahmin etmek için iki optimizasyon algoritması sonuçları sunulmaktadır. Tasarım maliyetini ve tasarım süresini en aza indirmek için genetik algoritma ve parçacık sürü optimizasyonu yöntemleri uygulanmış ve karşılaştırılmıştır. Anten tasarım parametrelerinin hesaplanması genetik algoritma ve parçacık sürü optimizasyonunu kullanılarak MATLAB® ortamında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hesaplama sonuçları doğruluk açısından literatürdeki diğer çalışmalarla karşılaştırılmıştır. Optimize edilmiş parametrelerin hesaplama sonuçları, deneysel sonuçlarla iyi bir uyum içindedir. Optimize edilen anten, CST Studio Suite® yazılımı kullanılarak yapılan analizlerle modellenmiş ve doğrulanmıştır.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Bandwidth</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Genetic Algorithm</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Particle Swarm Optimization</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Rectangular-Shaped Microstrip Antenna</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Resonant Frequency.</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Bant Genişliği</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Çalışma Frekansı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Dikdörtgen Şekilli Mikroşerit Anten</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Genetik Algoritma</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Parçacık Sürü Optimizasyonu.</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[1] 	Balanis C. A., “Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design”, John Wiley &amp; Sons, New Jersey, (2015).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[2]	Bahl I.J. and Bhartia P., “Microstrip Antennas”, IEE Electromagnetic Wave Series No. 28.1 And 2, Peter Peregrinus Ltd., London, (1980).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[3] 	Garg R., Bhartia P., Bahl I.J., and Ittipiboon A., “Microstrip antenna design handbook”, Artech house, (2001).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[4] 	Akdagli A., “A Closed-Form Expression for the Resonant Frequency of Rectangular Microstrip Antennas.”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 49(8), 1848-1852, (2007).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[5] 	Yılmaz A.E. and Kuzuoglu M., “Calculation of optimized parameters of rectangular microstrip patch antenna using particle swarm optimization”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 49(12), 2905-2907, (2007).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[6] 	Kumar G. and Ray K.P., “Broadband microstrip antennas”, Artech house, (2003).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[7] 	Howell J., “Microstrip antennas”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 23(1), 90-93, (1975).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[8] 	Kara A., “Closed-form expressions for the resonant frequency of rectangular microstrip antenna elements with thick substrates”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 12, 131-136, (1996).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[9] 	Marhoon H. M., Abdulnabi H.A., and Al-Aboosi Y.Y., “Design and optimization of microstrip bowtie antenna based on graphene material for terahertz applications”, Politeknik Dergisi, (2022).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[10] Özkan R., Mert O., Yılmaz Y., Ramazan F., and Duman M., “Attenuation of EM waves emitted from inset feed type microstrip rectangular patch antenna by wet snow”, Politeknik Dergisi, (2022).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[11] 	Kara A., “A novel technique to calculate the bandwidth of rectangular microstrip antenna elements with thick substrates”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 12, 59-63, (1996).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[12]  Kara A., “An efficient technique for the computation of the input resistance of rectangular microstrip antenna elements with thick substrates”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 13, 363-369, (1996).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[13] 	Michalewicz Z., “Genetic algorithms+data structures=evolution programs”, Springer Science &amp; Business Media, (2013).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[14] 	Güllü M. and Polat H., “Text authorship identification based on ensemble learning and genetic algorithm combination in Turkish text”, Politeknik Dergisi, 25(3), 1287-1297, (2021).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[15] 	Kennedy J. and Eberhart R.C., &quot;Particle swarm optimization”, In Proceedings of ICNN&#039;95-international conference on neural networks, Vol. 4, 1942-1948, (1995).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[16] 	Kennedy J., &quot;Particle swarm optimization”, In Proceedings of ICNN&#039;95-international conference on neural networks, Vol. 4, 1942-1948, (1995).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">[17] 	Koçer D., “Daire ve dikdörtgen geometrik yapılı mikroşerit antenlerin simülasyonu ve rezonans frekanslarının yapay sinir ağları ile belirlenmesi”, Doctoral dissertation, Selçuk University Graduate School of Natural Applied Sciences, (2009).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
