Politeknik Dergisi 2147-9429 Gazi Üniversitesi 10.2339/politeknik.1726959 Chemical-Biological Recovery Techniques and Ore Dressing Metalic Mines Kimyasal-Biyolojik Kazanma Teknikleri ve Cevher Hazırlama Metalik Madenler D2EHPA Kullanılarak Asidik Alüminyum Klorür Çözeltilerinden Demirin Solvent Ekstraksiyonu İle Uzaklaştırılması Removal of Iron From Acidic Aluminum Chloride Solutions by Solvent Extraction Using D2EHPA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5779-4847 Turan Mücevher https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0846-4355 Aydemir Muhammed Kürşat https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2136-1425 Turan M. Deniz FIRAT ÜNİVERSİTESİ https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2922-7965 Erdemoğlu Murat İNÖNÜ ÜNİVERSİTESİ 03 29 2026 29 3 1 8 06 25 2025 11 03 2025 Copyright © 1998, Politeknik Dergisi 1998 Politeknik Dergisi

Bu çalışma, bir alüminyum silikat kil cevherinden elde edilen alüminanın saflığını artırmak amacıyla, asidik alüminyum klorür çözeltilerindeki demir (Fe) gibi safsızlıkların uzaklaştırılması için bir yöntem sunmaktadır. Araştırmada, kerosen içinde çözülmüş di(2-etilheksil)fosforik asidin (D2EHPA) çözücü olarak kullanıldığı bir solvent ekstraksiyon yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Çalışma, hem yapay çözeltiler hem de kil cevherinin hidroklorik asit ile liçiyle edilen gerçek liç çözeltileri kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Anahtar deneysel parametreler arasında reaksiyon süresi, organik-ağır faz oranı (O/A) ve HCl, D2EHPA, demir, alüminyum, potasyum ve sodyum derişimleri yer almaktadır. Sonuçlar, demir uzaklaştırma verimliliğinin hem HCl hem de D2EHPA’nın derişiminin artmasıyla önemli ölçüde iyileştiğini göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, aşırı klorür iyonu varlığının bu verimlilik üzerinde olumsuz bir etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. McCabe-Thiele diyagramı kullanılarak yapılan analiz, %91'in üzerinde yüksek bir demir uzaklaştırma oranı elde etmek için iki aşamalı bir ekstraksiyon sürecinin gerekli olduğunu işaret etmiştir. Çalışma, bu saflaştırma işlemi için optimal koşulları belirlemiştir: 30 dakikalık bir karıştırma süresi, %20'lik bir D2EHPA konsantrasyonu ve eşit organik-ağır faz oranı (O/A = 1:1). Bu kesin koşullar altında, proses, bu spesifik uygulama için yüksek etkinliğini gösteren %95,58'lik kayda değer bir demir uzaklaştırma verimliliğine ulaşmıştır.

This study presents a method for purifying acidic aluminum chloride solutions, specifically targeting the removal of iron (Fe) impurities to enhance the quality of alumina produced from aluminum silicate clay. The research employed solvent extraction using di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) dissolved in kerosene as the extracting agent. The investigation was conducted using both simulated solutions and actual leach solutions derived from hydrochloric acid processing of clay ore. Key experimental parameters included reaction time, organic-to-aqueous phase ratio (O/A), and the concentrations of HCl, D2EHPA, iron, aluminum, potassium, and sodium. The results demonstrated that the efficiency of iron extraction improved significantly with increased concentrations of both HCl and the D2EHPA extractant. However, the presence of excessive chloride ions was found to have a negative impact on this efficiency. Analysis using a McCabe-Thiele diagram indicated that a high iron removal rate exceeding 91% necessitates a two-stage extraction process. The study identified optimal conditions for this purification: a mixing time of 30 minutes, a D2EHPA concentration of 20%, and an equal organic-to-aqueous phase ratio (O/A = 1:1). Under these precise conditions, the process achieved a remarkable iron removal efficiency of 95.58%, demonstrating its high effectiveness for this specific application.

 Acidic aluminum chloride solutions Iron removal Solvent extraction D2EHPA Asidik alüminyum klorür çözeltileri demir giderimi solvent ekstraksiyon D2EHPA Project 1: TÜBİTAK, Project 2: İnönü University Project 1: 214M432, Project 2: FYL-2020-2176 [1] Ashkenazi, D., “How aluminum changed the world: A metallurgical revolution through technological and cultural perspectives”. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 143: 101–113, (2019). [2] Miao, L., Ji, G., Gao, G., Li, G., Gan, S., “Extraction of alumina powders from the oil shale ash by hydrometallurgical technology”. Powder Technology, 207: 343–347, (2011). [3] Li, D., Jiang, K., Jiang, X., Wang, S., Fan, Y., Liu, W., “The recovery of potassium oxide and alumina from alunite concentrate”. Hydrometallurgy, 176: 1–8, (2018). [4] Sen, S. K., Das, M. M., Bandyopadhyay, P., Dash, R. R., Raut, S., “Green process using hot spring bacterium to concentrate alumina in coal fly ash”. Ecological Engineering, 88: 10–19, (2016). [5] Kustov, A. D., Parfenov, O. G., Solovyov, L. A., Vereshchagin, S. N., “Kyanite ore processing by carbochlorination”. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 126: 70–75, (2014). [6] Arlyuk, B. I., Pivnev, A. I., “Efficiency of nepheline ore processing for alumina production”. Essential Readings in Light Metals: Volume 1 Alumina and Bauxite, 983–997, (2016). [7] Guo, Y., Zhao, Z., Zhao, Q., Cheng, F., “Novel process of alumina extraction from coal fly ash by pre-desilicating—Na2CO3 activation—Acid leaching technique”. Hydrometallurgy, 169: 418–425, (2017). [8] Tripathy, A. K., Behera, B., Aishvarya, V., Sheik, A. R., Dash, B., Sarangi, C. K., Tripathy, B. C., Sanjay, K., Bhattacharya, I. N., “Sodium fluoride assisted acid leaching of coal fly ash for the extraction of alumina”. Minerals Engineering, 131: 140–145, (2019). [9] Erdemoğlu, M., Birinci, M., Uysal, T., Tüzer, E., Barry, T. S., “Acid Leaching Performance of Mechanically Activated Pyrophyllite Ore for Al2O3 Extraction”. 9th International Conference on Mechanochemistry and Mechanical Alloying, Košice, Slovakia (2017). [10] Erdemoğlu, M., Birinci, M., Uysal, T., Porgalı Tüzer, E., Barry, T. S., “Mechanical activation of pyrophyllite ore for aluminum extraction by acidic leaching”. Journal of Materials Science, 53: 13801–13812, (2018). [11] Birinci, M., Uysal, T., Erdemoğlu, M., Porgalı, E., Barry, T. S., “Acidic Leaching of Thermally Activated Pyrophyllite Ore From Pütürge (Malatya–Turkey) Deposit”. XVII. Balkan Mineral Processing Congress, Antalya, Türkiye (2017). [12] Al-Ajeel, A. W. A., Al-Sindy, S. I., “Alumina recovery from Iraqi kaolinitic clay by hydrochloric acid route”. Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining, 2: 67–76, (2006). [13] Bazin, C., El-Ouassiti, K., Ouellet, V., “Sequential leaching for the recovery of alumina from a Canadian clay”. Hydrometallurgy, 88(1–4): 196–201, (2007). [14] Mirzoev, P. B., Ibrohim, A., Mirzoev, B., Alimov, N. O., Bobonazarov, M., “Production of alumina and by-products from the mineral of muscovite by method of sintering”. Asian American Physical Chemistry Research Journal, 1: 1–7, (2014). [15] Aydemir, M. K., Erdemoğlu, M., “Investigation of alumina production from pumice by acid leaching”. Scientific Mining Journal, 61: 193–200, (2022). [16] Zhou, X., Shen, Y., Peng, J., Liu, Q., “Separation of Fe3+and Al via tributyl phosphate and 2-Octanol in the comprehensive recovery process of metals from hydrochloric acid leaching solution of fly ash”. Solvent Extraction Research and Development, Japan, 28: 59–68, (2021). [17] Yi, X., Huo, G., Tang, W., “Removal of Fe3+from Ni–Co–Fe chloride solutions using solvent extraction with TBP”. Hydrometallurgy, 192: 105265, (2020). [18] Zhang, X., Zhou, K., Lei, Q., Huang, Y., Peng, C., Chen, W., “Selective removal of iron from acid leachate of red mud by aliquat 336”. JOM, 71: 4608–4615, (2019). [19] Sokolov, A., Valeev, D., Kasikov, A., “Solvent extraction of Fe3+ from Al chloride solution of bauxite HCl leaching by mixture of aliphatic alcohol and ketone”. Metals, 11: 321, (2021). [20] Biswas, R. K., Begum, D. A., “Solvent extraction of Fe3+ from chloride solution by D2EHPA in kerosene”. Hydrometallurgy, 50: 153–168, (1998). [21] Pośpiech, B., Walkowiak, W., “Studies on Fe3+ removal from chloride aqueous solutions by solvent extraction and transport through polymer inclusion membranes with D2EHPA”. Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing, 44: 195–204, (2010). [22] Lee, P. C., Li, C. W., Chen, J. Y., Li, Y. S., Chen, S. S., “Dissolution of D2EHPA in liquid–liquid extraction process: Implication on metal removal and organic content of the treated water”. Water Research, 45(18), 5953-5958, (2011). [23] Hirato, T., Kishigami, I., Awakura, Y., Majima, H., “Concentration of uranyl sulfate solution by an emulsion-type liquid membrane process”. Hydrometallurgy, 26(1): 19–33, (1991). [24] Free, M. L., “Hydrometallurgy: Fundamentals and Applications”. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, ISBN: 978-1-118-23077-0, (2013). [25] Mishra, R. K., Rout, P. C., Sarangi, K., Nathsarma, K. C., “A comparative study on extraction of Fe3+ from chloride leach liquor using TBP, Cyanex 921 and Cyanex 923”. Hydrometallurgy, 104(2): 298–303, (2010). [26] Sengupta, A. K., Subramonian, S., Clifford, D., “More on mechanism and some important properties of chromate ion exchange”. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 114(1): 137–153, (1988). [27] Ashbrook, A. W., Ritcey, G. M., “Solvent Extraction Principles and Applications to Process Metallurgy Part I”. Elsevier, (1984). [28] Boudreault, R., Alex, S., Biasotto, F., “Processes for extracting aluminum and iron from aluminous ores”. US Patent, US 8241594 B2, (2012). [29] Cui, L., Cheng, F., Zhou, J., “Preparation of high purity AlCl3·6H2O crystals from coal mining waste based on Fe3+ removal using undiluted ionic liquids”. Separation and Purification Technology, 167: 45–54, (2016). [30] Uysal, G., “Evaluation of Niğde Öküzgönü Tepe low grade zinc oxide ore by sulfuric acid leaching and solvent extraction”. MSc Thesis, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Türkiye (2011). [31] Serin, F., “Evaluation of Hakkari-Üzümlü zinc oxide ore by sulfuric acid leaching and solvent extraction”. MSc Thesis, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Türkiye (2011).