Afyon Menekşe mermerinin (İscehisarAfyonkarahisar) Roma döneminden günümüze önemi, karakterizasyonu, tuz kristalleşmesi ve donma-çözülme testleriyle dayanıklılığının değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Mermer, antik çağların en önemli yapı malzemelerinden birisidir. Özellikle Roma İmparatorluğu döneminde mermer kullanımı artmıştır. Roma döneminde önemli anıtsal yapılarda kaliteli mermere ihtiyaç duyulması nedeniyle birçok mermer ocağı açılmıştır. Bu ocaklardan birisi de Docimium (İscehisar-Afyonkarahisar) mermer ocağıdır. Bu ocaktan ince taneli beyaz (Afyon kaymak) ve morumsu-kırmızı renkli (Afyon Menekşe) mermerleri çıkarılmıştır. Bu mermerler, Efes limanından birçok Roma şehrine gönderilmiş ve Roma döneminde birçok anıtsal ve önemli yapıda kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, antik dönemlerden beri uluslararası öneme sahip olan Afyon Menekşe (Pavonazzetto) mermeri incelenmiştir. Çalışma üç aşamada ele alınmıştır. Birinci aşamada Afyon Menekşe mermerinin Roma dönemindeki önemi açıklanmış, ikinci aşamada karakterizasyonu yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla kimyasal, mineralojik-petrografik (polarize mikroskop, XRD, SEM), fiziksel ve mekanik testler/analizler yapılmıştır. Üçüncü aşamada ise Afyon Menekşe (Pavonazzetto) mermerinin, tuz kristalleşme ve donma-çözülme deneyleri yardımıyla dayanıklılığı değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre mermerlerin, tuz kristalleşmesi ve donma-çözülme deneyleri sonrasında ultrasonik dalga hızı ilerlemesi sırasıyla %23,83 ve %13,3, tek eksenli basınç dayanımı değerleri %15,97 ve %20,11 oranında azalmıştır. Yaşlandırma deneyleri sonrasında meydana gelen ayrışmaların breşik yapıda yer alan flogopit ve muskovit gibi mika ve illit gibi kil minerallerinden kaynaklandığı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afyon Menekşe mermeri
• İscehisar
• durabilite
• tuz kristalizasyonu
• donma-çözülme

The significance of Afyon Violet marble (İscehisarAfyonkarahisar) from the Roman Age until today, its characterisation, and evaluation of durability by salt crystallization and freezing-thawing tests

Öz

Marble is one of the most important building materials of antiquity. Especially during the Roman Empire, the use of marble increased. In the Roman period, many marble quarries were opened due to the need for quality marble in important monumental buildings. One of these quarries is Docimium (Iscehisar-Afyonkarahisar) marble quarry. Fine-grained white (Afyon cream) and purplish-red colored (Afyon violet) marbles were extracted from this quarry. These marbles were sent from the port of Ephesus to many Roman cities and were used in many monumental and important buildings during the Roman period. In this study, Afyon violet (Pavonazzetto) marble, which has been of international importance since ancient times, was investigated. In the first stage, the importance of Afyon violet marble in the Roman period was explained and in the second stage the characterization study was made. For this purpose, chemical, mineralogical-petrographic (polarized microscope, XRD, SEM), physical and mechanical tests / analyzes were performed. In the third stage, the durability of Afyon violet (Pavonazzetto) marble was evaluated with the help of salt crystallization and freeze-thaw experiments. According to the experimental data, after the salt crystallization and freeze-thaw experiments, the ultrasonic wave velocity decreased by 23,83% and 13,3%, uniaxial compressive strength values decreased by 15,97% and 20,11%, respectively in the marble samples. It has been determined that the deterioration in the brecciated structure of the marble is caused by mica minerals such as phlogopite, muscovite and clay (illite) minerals.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afyon Violet marble
• İscehisar
• durability
• salt crystallization
• freezing-thawing

Kaynakça

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