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                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>propontica</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>PROPONTICA</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2980-132X</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.56170/propontica.1886554</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Archaeological Science</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Arkeoloji Bilimi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Anemurium Büyük Hamam-Palaestra Kompleksi Üzerine Genel Bir Değerlendirme</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>A General Assessment of the Great Bath-Palaestra Complex at Anemurium</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5930-4621</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Aldemir</surname>
                                    <given-names>Cihangir</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260331">
                    <day>03</day>
                    <month>31</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>4</volume>
                                        <issue>7</issue>
                                        <fpage>65</fpage>
                                        <lpage>112</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20260210">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>10</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260325">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>25</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2023, PROPONTICA</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>PROPONTICA</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Dağlık Kilikya Bölgesi’nin önemli liman kentlerinden biri olan Anemurium, günümüzde Mersin ilinin Anamur ilçesinde, Akdeniz kıyısında yer almaktadır. Kente; batısında nekropol alanının yer aldığı dağlık arazi, kuzeyinde Sultansuyu Çayı, güneyinde Anamur Burnu ve doğusunda Akdeniz doğal sınır oluşturmaktadır. Yerleşim dokusu topoğrafyanın sunduğu olanaklar doğrultusunda şekillenmiş olup kamusal yapılar ile konut alanları daha çok Aşağı Şehir olarak adlandırılan düzlük kesimde yoğunlaşmıştır. Anemurium’da Hellenistik Çağ’dan Orta Çağ’a kadar uzanan geniş bir yerleşim sürecinin varlığı bilinmektedir. Özellikle MS 2-3. yüzyıllarda kentin kuzeye doğru genişlediği ve bu süreçte çok sayıda kamu yapısının inşa edildiği anlaşılmaktadır. Anemurium’da bilinen beş hamamdan biri olan Büyük Hamam, Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi hamam mimarisine dair sunduğu plan, teknik ve işlevsel verilerle öne çıkmaktadır. Yapı, sur duvarının hemen kuzeyinde yer almakta ve doğusundaki palaestrayla birlikte bir kompleks oluşturmaktadır. Hamam, dokuz mekana sahiptir. Frigidarium, tepidarium, caldarium ve praefurnium bölümleri klasik Roma hamam planlamasına uygun biçimde konumlandırılmıştır. Palaestra ise mozaik döşemeli avlu ve portiko ile donatılmış olup hamamla doğrudan bağlantılıdır. Yapıda beşik tonozlu çatılar, apsisli mekanlar ve yerel moloz taş duvar örgüsü dikkat çekmektedir. İç mekanlarda mermer kaplama izleri, mozaik zeminler ve bazı noktalarda yazıtlı panolar görülmektedir. Büyük Hamam’da üç inşa ve kullanım evresi tespit edilmiştir. İlk iki evrede yapı özgün hamam işlevini sürdürmüş, Geç Antik Çağ’da ise atölye, depo ve endüstriyel üretim alanlarına dönüştürülmüştür. Seramik, sikke ve epigrafik buluntular, yapının MS 3. yüzyılda inşa edildiğine işaret etmektedir. MS 4. yüzyılda ise hamamın kullanım dışı kaldığı düşünülmektedir. Büyük Hamam, palaestralı tasarımıyla Roma İmparatorluğu’nun büyük merkezlerinde geliştirilen klasik hamam-palaestra modelinin, yerel mimari geleneklerle birlikte uyarlanabildiğini ortaya koyması bakımından önemli bir örnektir.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Anemurium, one of the important harbour cities of Rough Cilicia, is situated on the Mediterranean coast within the boundaries of the modern district of Anamur in Mersin Province. The ancient city is naturally bounded by mountainous terrain containing the necropolis to the west, the Sultansuyu Stream to the north, Anamur Cape to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the east. The urban fabric developed in direct response to these topographical conditions, with public monuments and residential areas concentrated predominantly within the flat terrain known as the Lower City. Archaeological evidence attests to a continuous occupation at Anemurium extending from the Hellenistic Period through the Middle Ages. It is particularly evident that the city expanded northward during the 2nd-3rd centuries AD, when numerous public buildings were constructed. The Great Bath, one of the five bath complexes identified at Anemurium, constitutes a prominent example of Roman Imperial bath architecture in the region, offering substantial architectural, technical, and functional data. The building is located immediately north of the city wall and forms a complex together with the palaestra to its east. The bathhouse consists of nine rooms. The frigidarium, tepidarium, caldarium, and praefurnium sections are arranged in accordance with the classical Roman bathhouse layout. The palaestra, furnished with a mosaic-paved courtyard and bordered by a portico, is directly connected to the bath. Architectural features such as barrel-vaulted roofs, apsidal spaces, and wall masonry predominantly composed of local rubble stone are noteworthy. Traces of marble cladding, mosaic floors, and inscribed panels have been identified within the interior spaces. Three principal construction and occupation phases have been identified. During the initial two phases, the structure functioned in accordance with its original balneary program. In Late Antiquity, however, the architectural spaces were reconfigured for workshop activities, storage, and industrial production. Ceramic pieces, numismatic evidence, and epigraphic data indicate a construction date in the 3rd century CE, while the abandonment of the bathing function is attributed to the 4th century CE. With its palaestra-integrated design the Great Bath constitutes an important example demonstrating how the classical bath-palaestra model, developed in the major centers of the Roman Empire, could be adapted in conjunction with local architectural traditions.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Kilikya</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Anemurium</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  hamam</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  palaestra</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  caldarium</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Cilicia</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Anemurium</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  bath</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  palaestra</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  caldarium</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                        <funding-group specific-use="FundRef">
                    <award-group>
                                                    <funding-source>
                                <named-content content-type="funder_name">Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Selçuk Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü</named-content>
                            </funding-source>
                                                                            <award-id>22113001</award-id>
                                            </award-group>
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                                </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
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