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The Relationship Between Leisure Satisfaction and University Adjustment in University Students in the Context of Dropout Theory

Year 2024, , 486 - 511, 30.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1527098

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between leisure satisfaction and adjustment to university life among students. The study included students studying at Akdeniz University Central Campus in Antalya. The sample group consisted of 111 male (mean age = 21.982±2.753) and 139 female (mean age = 21.640±4.462) students who participated voluntarily. The convenience sampling technique was used to reach the sample. The Leisure Satisfaction Scale, the University Adjustment Scale, and the personal information form were used to collect the data. As a result of the analysis, two significant canonical correlations were and the significant contributions of the variables to these canonical functions are at a .45 significance level. The results showed that as psychological, educational, social, physical, and aesthetic satisfaction in the leisure satisfaction dataset increased, students' institutional and personal-emotional adjustment to the university also increased. In addition, it was determined that as relaxation, aesthetic, educational, physical, and psychological satisfaction in the leisure satisfaction data set increased, students' social adjustment also increased. According to the findings of the study, it is recommended that universities should increase leisure time activities and improve physical conditions to ensure students' adaptation to the university.

References

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  • Al-Qaisy, L. M. (2010). Adjustment of college freshmen: The importance of gender and the place of residence. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 2(1), 142–150.
  • Astin, A. W. (1984). Student involvement: A developmental theory for higher education. Journal of College Student Personnel, 25(4), 297–308.
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  • Bean, J. P. (1980). Dropouts and turnover: The synthesis and test of a causal model of student attrition. Research in Higher Education, 12(2), 155–187. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40195329
  • Beard, J. G., & Ragheb, M. G. (1980). Measuring leisure satisfaction. Journal of Leisure Research, 12, 20–33.
  • Belsley, D. A. (1991). Guide to using the collinearity diagnostics. Computer Science in Economics and Management, 4, 33–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00426854
  • Bright, A. D. (2000). The role of social marketing in leisure and recreation. Journal of Leisure Research, 32(1), 12–18.
  • Bruner, M. W., Balish, S. M., Forrest, C., Brown, S., Webber, K., Gray, E., McGuckin, M., Melanie, R. K., Rehman, L., & Shields, C. A. (2017). Ties that bond: Youth sport as a vehicle for social identity and positive youth development. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 88(2), 209–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2017.1296100
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  • Karaküçük, S., & Gürbüz, B. (2007). Recreation and urbanization. Gazi Kitapevi, Ankara.
  • Khasnabis, C., Heinicke Motsch, K., Achu, K., Al Jubah, K., Brodtkorb, S., Chervin, P., Coleridge, P., Davies, M., Deepak, S., Eklindh, K., Goerdt, A., Greer, C., Heinicke-Motsch, K., Hooper, D., Ilagan, V. B., Jessup, N., Khasnabis, C., Mulligan, D., & Murray, B. (2010). Community-based rehabilitation: CBR guidelines. Recreation, entertainment, and sports. Geneva: World Health Organization. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK310922/
  • Kim, S., Sung, J., Park, J., & Dittmore, S. W. (2015). The relationship among leisure attitude, satisfaction, and psychological wellbeing for college students. Journal of Physical Education & Sport, 15(1), 70–76. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2015.01012
  • Kokotieieva, A., Titova, H., & Romanenko, S. (2023). Organization of sports-oriented physical education in the call on the priority use of sports games. Olimpicus, 2, 33–39.
  • Köse, E. (2021). Prisoners' benefits from structured leisure activities: A grounded theory study (Unpublised doctoral thesis). Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Movement and Training.
  • Köse, E., Lapa, T. Y., & Günbayı, İ. (2021). Social Paradigms Shaping Leisure Research Designs: A Systematic Review. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 23(2), 230-244.
  • Köse, E., Gökçe, H., Toktaş, N., Yerlisu Lapa, T., & Tercan Kaas, E. (2024). Measurement invariance of the satisfaction with leisure satisfaction scale by gender, marital status, and age. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 37(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-023-00282-y
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  • Mahoney, J. L. (2000). School extracurricular activity participation as a moderator in the development of antisocial patterns. Child Development, 71(2), 502–516.
  • Mansfield, L., Daykin, N., & Kay, T. (2020). Leisure and wellbeing. Leisure Studies, 39(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2020.1713195
  • Mertler, C. A., & Vannatta, R. A. (2005). Advanced and multivariate statistical methods: Practical application and interpretation (3rd ed.). Pyrczak Publishing.
  • Nash, J. B. (1960). Philosophy of recreation and leisure. W. C. Brown Company.
  • Ngai, V. T. (2005). Leisure satisfaction and quality of life in Macao, China. Leisure Studies, 24(2), 195–207.
  • Özkan, S., & Yılmaz, E. (2010). Adaptation status of university students to university life (Bandırma example). Fırat Health Services Journal, 5(13), 153–171.
  • Öztürk, A. (2020). An investigation of the perceived stress, university adjustment levels, and academic grade average of freshman nursing university students. Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry & Psychology, 2(3), 155–162. https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.20.03.21
  • Park, S. H., & Kim, Y. (2018). Ways of coping with excessive academic stress among Korean adolescents during leisure time. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health Well-Being, 13(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2018.1479581
  • Perera, H. N., & Digiacomo, M. (2015). The role of trait emotional intelligence in academic performance during the university transition: An integrative model of mediation via social support, coping, and adjustment. Personality and Individual Differences, 83, 208–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.04.001
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  • Sarı, İ., & Kaya, E. (2016). Does leisure satisfaction increase school achievement? Examining the relationship between leisure satisfaction and grade point average in university students. Inonu University Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 3(2), 11–17.
  • Scholl, K., McAvoy, L., & Smith, J. (1999). Inclusive outdoor recreation experiences of families that include a child with a disability. In Abstracts from the 1999 Symposium on Leisure Research Congress Book (p. 56). National Park and Recreation Association.
  • Sevinç, S., & Gizir, C. A. (2014). Factors negatively affecting university adjustment from the views of first-year university students: The case of Mersin University. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 14(4), 1301–1308.
  • Shaw, S. (2000). Ideals versus reality: Contradictory aspects of family Leisure. In Abstracts from the 2000 Symposium on Leisure Research Congress Book (p. 56). National Park and Recreation Association.
  • Sherry, A., & Henson, R. K. (2005). Conducting and interpreting canonical correlation analysis in personality research: A user-friendly primer. Journal of Personality Assessment, 84(1), 37–48.
  • Siyahtaş, A., & Donuk, B. (2021). Investigation of loneliness levels and satisfaction levels of individuals participating in free time activities. Inonu University Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 8(2), 1–18.
  • Sönmez, A., & Gürbüz, B. (2022). Analysis of the relationship between leisure satisfaction and adjustment to university life among university students. Journal of Computer and Education Research, 10(20), 481–502. https://doi.org/10.18009/jcer.1120672
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Year 2024, , 486 - 511, 30.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1527098

Abstract

References

  • Ağan, H. (2000). Design criteria of in-campus sport facilities with reference to world university sports competitions: A case study in IZTECH campus (Unpublished master's thesis). İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir.
  • Ağaoğlu, Y. S., Taşmektepligil, M. Y., & Bayrak, M. (2005). Historical development of the concept of free time in the world and Turkey. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University Social Sciences Institute Journal, 2(11), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.11616/AbantSbe.138
  • Akhan, N. E., & Demir, K. (2020). Supporting the adaptation process to the faculty of social studies teachers candidates with creative drama. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Faculty of Education Journal, 53, 266–292.
  • Al-Qaisy, L. M. (2010). Adjustment of college freshmen: The importance of gender and the place of residence. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 2(1), 142–150.
  • Astin, A. W. (1984). Student involvement: A developmental theory for higher education. Journal of College Student Personnel, 25(4), 297–308.
  • Bammel, G., & Burrus-Bammel, L. L. (1996). Leisure and human behavior. W. C. Brown Co. Publishers.
  • Bean, J. P. (1980). Dropouts and turnover: The synthesis and test of a causal model of student attrition. Research in Higher Education, 12(2), 155–187. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40195329
  • Beard, J. G., & Ragheb, M. G. (1980). Measuring leisure satisfaction. Journal of Leisure Research, 12, 20–33.
  • Belsley, D. A. (1991). Guide to using the collinearity diagnostics. Computer Science in Economics and Management, 4, 33–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00426854
  • Bright, A. D. (2000). The role of social marketing in leisure and recreation. Journal of Leisure Research, 32(1), 12–18.
  • Bruner, M. W., Balish, S. M., Forrest, C., Brown, S., Webber, K., Gray, E., McGuckin, M., Melanie, R. K., Rehman, L., & Shields, C. A. (2017). Ties that bond: Youth sport as a vehicle for social identity and positive youth development. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 88(2), 209–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2017.1296100
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Özcan, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2022). Scientific research methods (33rd ed.). Pegem Academy.
  • Çakıroğlu, H. (1998). Recreation: Educational branches and functions of extracurricular activities in schools in terms of physical education and other courses (Unpublished master's thesis). Marmara University, İstanbul. https://katalog.marmara.edu.tr/veriler/yordambt/cokluortam/F/E/B/C/A/T0044290.pdf
  • Canadian Parks/Recreation Association. (1995). Impact and benefits of physical activity and recreation on Canadian youth-at-risk: A discussion paper. Gloucester, ON.
  • Choi, S. H., & Yoo, Y. J. (2017). Leisure attitude and satisfaction with leisure and life: proposing leisure prioritization and justification. World Leisure Journal, 59 (2), 140-155.
  • Chun, S., Lee, Y., Kim, B., & Heo, J. (2012). The contribution of leisure participation and leisure satisfaction to stress-related growth. Leisure Sciences, 34(5), 436–449.
  • Değer, B. V., & Çiftçi, S. (2020). The adjustment levels of first and second year undergraduate students and influencing factors. Gümüşhane University Journal of Health Sciences, 9(3), 249–262.
  • Denovan, A., & Macaskill, A. (2017). Building resilience to stress through leisure activities: A qualitative analysis. Annals of Leisure Research, 20(4), 446–466.
  • Eccles, J. S., Barber, B. L., Stone, M., & Hunt, J. (2003). Extracurricular activities and adolescent development. Journal of Social İssues, 59(4), 865-889.
  • Eryılmaz, A., Deniz, M., Uzun, G., & Yıldırım Kurtuluş, H. (2023). Examination of university students’ experiences regarding the university adaptation process. Yıldız Journal of Educational Research, 8(1), 11–27. https://doi.org/10.14744/yjer.2023.017
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education (7th. ed.). McGraw-Hill.
  • Gedik, İ. A. (2018). An examination of the relationship between university students' satisfaction with leisure time activity and school engagement (Unpublished master's thesis). Akdeniz University, Institute of Social Sciences, Antalya. http://acikerisim.akdeniz.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/3972/T05144.pdf
  • Gökçe, H., & Orhan, K. (2011). Serbest Zaman Doyum Ölçeğinin Türkçe geçerlilik güvenilirlik çalışması. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(4), 139–145. https://doi.org/10.17644/sbd.171376
  • Granzin, K. L., & Haggard, L. M. (2000). An integrative explanation for quality of life: Development and test of a structural model. In E. Diener & D. R. Rahtz (Eds.), Advances in quality of life theory and research (Vol. 4, pp. 51–74). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4291-5_3
  • Hall, S., McKinstry, C., & Hyett, N. (2016). Youth perceptions of positive mental health. The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 78(8), 475–483. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308022616632775
  • Ho, T. K. (2008). A study of leisure attitudes and benefits for senior high school students at Ping-Tung City and County in Taiwan (Unpublished master’s thesis). University of Alabama.
  • Hung, H. J. (2012). A study on leisure benefits breaking through leisure activities. Journal of National Taiwan Normal University, 3(4), 77–92.
  • İkiz, F. E., & Mete-Otlu, B. (2015). The problems faced in the process of adapting to university life and the ways of dealing with these problems. Manisa Celal Bayar University Journal of Social Sciences, 13(4), 35–52. https://doi.org/10.18026/cbusos.93556
  • Karahan, T., Sakdoğan, M., Özkamalı, E., & Dicle, A. (2005). The investigation of relationships between college adjustment, locus of control, and assertiveness levels. Dokuz Eylül University Buca Faculty of Education Journal, 18, 6–15.
  • Karaküçük, S., & Gürbüz, B. (2007). Recreation and urbanization. Gazi Kitapevi, Ankara.
  • Khasnabis, C., Heinicke Motsch, K., Achu, K., Al Jubah, K., Brodtkorb, S., Chervin, P., Coleridge, P., Davies, M., Deepak, S., Eklindh, K., Goerdt, A., Greer, C., Heinicke-Motsch, K., Hooper, D., Ilagan, V. B., Jessup, N., Khasnabis, C., Mulligan, D., & Murray, B. (2010). Community-based rehabilitation: CBR guidelines. Recreation, entertainment, and sports. Geneva: World Health Organization. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK310922/
  • Kim, S., Sung, J., Park, J., & Dittmore, S. W. (2015). The relationship among leisure attitude, satisfaction, and psychological wellbeing for college students. Journal of Physical Education & Sport, 15(1), 70–76. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2015.01012
  • Kokotieieva, A., Titova, H., & Romanenko, S. (2023). Organization of sports-oriented physical education in the call on the priority use of sports games. Olimpicus, 2, 33–39.
  • Köse, E. (2021). Prisoners' benefits from structured leisure activities: A grounded theory study (Unpublised doctoral thesis). Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Movement and Training.
  • Köse, E., Lapa, T. Y., & Günbayı, İ. (2021). Social Paradigms Shaping Leisure Research Designs: A Systematic Review. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 23(2), 230-244.
  • Köse, E., Gökçe, H., Toktaş, N., Yerlisu Lapa, T., & Tercan Kaas, E. (2024). Measurement invariance of the satisfaction with leisure satisfaction scale by gender, marital status, and age. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 37(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-023-00282-y
  • Kuo, Y. K., Wang, J. H., Kuo, T. H., & Ho, L. A. (2021). Leisure satisfaction influences learning performance among community college students. SAGE Open, 11(4), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211067238
  • Mahoney, J. L. (2000). School extracurricular activity participation as a moderator in the development of antisocial patterns. Child Development, 71(2), 502–516.
  • Mansfield, L., Daykin, N., & Kay, T. (2020). Leisure and wellbeing. Leisure Studies, 39(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2020.1713195
  • Mertler, C. A., & Vannatta, R. A. (2005). Advanced and multivariate statistical methods: Practical application and interpretation (3rd ed.). Pyrczak Publishing.
  • Nash, J. B. (1960). Philosophy of recreation and leisure. W. C. Brown Company.
  • Ngai, V. T. (2005). Leisure satisfaction and quality of life in Macao, China. Leisure Studies, 24(2), 195–207.
  • Özkan, S., & Yılmaz, E. (2010). Adaptation status of university students to university life (Bandırma example). Fırat Health Services Journal, 5(13), 153–171.
  • Öztürk, A. (2020). An investigation of the perceived stress, university adjustment levels, and academic grade average of freshman nursing university students. Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry & Psychology, 2(3), 155–162. https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.20.03.21
  • Park, S. H., & Kim, Y. (2018). Ways of coping with excessive academic stress among Korean adolescents during leisure time. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health Well-Being, 13(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2018.1479581
  • Perera, H. N., & Digiacomo, M. (2015). The role of trait emotional intelligence in academic performance during the university transition: An integrative model of mediation via social support, coping, and adjustment. Personality and Individual Differences, 83, 208–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.04.001
  • Rosenthal, R., & Rosnow, R. L. (2008). Essentials of Behavioral Research: Methods and Data Analysis. (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
  • Pretty, J., Peacock, J., Sellens, M., & Griffin, M. (2005). The mental and physical health outcomes of green exercise. International journal of environmental health research, 15(5), 319-337.
  • Sarı, İ., & Kaya, E. (2016). Does leisure satisfaction increase school achievement? Examining the relationship between leisure satisfaction and grade point average in university students. Inonu University Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 3(2), 11–17.
  • Scholl, K., McAvoy, L., & Smith, J. (1999). Inclusive outdoor recreation experiences of families that include a child with a disability. In Abstracts from the 1999 Symposium on Leisure Research Congress Book (p. 56). National Park and Recreation Association.
  • Sevinç, S., & Gizir, C. A. (2014). Factors negatively affecting university adjustment from the views of first-year university students: The case of Mersin University. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 14(4), 1301–1308.
  • Shaw, S. (2000). Ideals versus reality: Contradictory aspects of family Leisure. In Abstracts from the 2000 Symposium on Leisure Research Congress Book (p. 56). National Park and Recreation Association.
  • Sherry, A., & Henson, R. K. (2005). Conducting and interpreting canonical correlation analysis in personality research: A user-friendly primer. Journal of Personality Assessment, 84(1), 37–48.
  • Siyahtaş, A., & Donuk, B. (2021). Investigation of loneliness levels and satisfaction levels of individuals participating in free time activities. Inonu University Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 8(2), 1–18.
  • Sönmez, A., & Gürbüz, B. (2022). Analysis of the relationship between leisure satisfaction and adjustment to university life among university students. Journal of Computer and Education Research, 10(20), 481–502. https://doi.org/10.18009/jcer.1120672
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There are 70 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports and Recreation
Journal Section Leisure & Sport Management
Authors

Başak Dinçer 0009-0002-0885-0563

Elif Köse 0000-0002-5490-3534

Publication Date December 30, 2024
Submission Date August 2, 2024
Acceptance Date December 5, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Dinçer, B., & Köse, E. (2024). The Relationship Between Leisure Satisfaction and University Adjustment in University Students in the Context of Dropout Theory. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, 15(3), 486-511. https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1527098