The Integrated Model of Flow and Clutch Scale: Translation and Validation Study of the Turkish Version

Aydan Gözmen Elmas; Duygu Karadağ; F. Hülya Aşçı

doi:10.54141/psbd.1777953

The Integrated Model of Flow and Clutch Scale: Translation and Validation Study of the Turkish Version

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Flow-Clutch Scale (FCS) within the framework of the Integrated Model of Flow and Clutch States. Two hundred and thirty-five participants (Mage = 21.77 years, SDage = 6.96), including 128 athletes and 107 exercisers, voluntarily participated in this study. The FCS, Short Flow State Scale-2, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were administered along with a demographic information form. The psychometric properties of the FCS were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency, and tests of convergent and discriminant validity. The findings supported a four-factor model with acceptable fit indices and adequate internal consistency. Overall, the results indicate that the Turkish version of the Flow-Clutch Scale (FCS) is a valid and reliable tool for measuring flow and clutch experiences in exercise contexts.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Haliç University (Ethical approval code: 28.03.2023-70).

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Sport and Exercise Psychology, Physical Activity and Health

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Aydan Gözmen Elmas ^*
0000-0003-3633-0629
Türkiye

Duygu Karadağ
0000-0002-6896-9307
Türkiye

F. Hülya Aşçı
0000-0002-6650-6931
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

March 13, 2026

Publication Date

March 13, 2026

Submission Date

September 4, 2025

Acceptance Date

January 21, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 17 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1777953

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA47PL68PB

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Gözmen Elmas, A., Karadağ, D., & Aşçı, F. H. (2026). The Integrated Model of Flow and Clutch Scale: Translation and Validation Study of the Turkish Version. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, 17(1), 93-112. https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1777953

AMA

1.Gözmen Elmas A, Karadağ D, Aşçı FH. The Integrated Model of Flow and Clutch Scale: Translation and Validation Study of the Turkish Version. Pamukkale J Sport Sci. 2026;17(1):93-112. doi:10.54141/psbd.1777953

Chicago

Gözmen Elmas, Aydan, Duygu Karadağ, and F. Hülya Aşçı. 2026. “The Integrated Model of Flow and Clutch Scale: Translation and Validation Study of the Turkish Version”. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences 17 (1): 93-112. https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1777953.

EndNote

Gözmen Elmas A, Karadağ D, Aşçı FH (April 1, 2026) The Integrated Model of Flow and Clutch Scale: Translation and Validation Study of the Turkish Version. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences 17 1 93–112.

IEEE

[1]A. Gözmen Elmas, D. Karadağ, and F. H. Aşçı, “The Integrated Model of Flow and Clutch Scale: Translation and Validation Study of the Turkish Version”, Pamukkale J Sport Sci, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 93–112, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.54141/psbd.1777953.

ISNAD

Gözmen Elmas, Aydan - Karadağ, Duygu - Aşçı, F. Hülya. “The Integrated Model of Flow and Clutch Scale: Translation and Validation Study of the Turkish Version”. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences 17/1 (April 1, 2026): 93-112. https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1777953.

JAMA

1.Gözmen Elmas A, Karadağ D, Aşçı FH. The Integrated Model of Flow and Clutch Scale: Translation and Validation Study of the Turkish Version. Pamukkale J Sport Sci. 2026;17:93–112.

MLA

Gözmen Elmas, Aydan, et al. “The Integrated Model of Flow and Clutch Scale: Translation and Validation Study of the Turkish Version”. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, vol. 17, no. 1, Apr. 2026, pp. 93-112, doi:10.54141/psbd.1777953.

Vancouver

1.Aydan Gözmen Elmas, Duygu Karadağ, F. Hülya Aşçı. The Integrated Model of Flow and Clutch Scale: Translation and Validation Study of the Turkish Version. Pamukkale J Sport Sci. 2026 Apr. 1;17(1):93-112. doi:10.54141/psbd.1777953