The Relationships Between the Job Attitudes in the Sports Leadership: A Meta-Analysis

Yıl 2022, Cilt 13, Sayı 1, 36 - 51, 28.04.2022

Ahmet Hakan ÖZKAN Hugo FOLGADO

https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.975239

Öz

The main objective of this research is to examine the interrelationships between job attitudes in the sports sector. Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases were used to find 3,844 studies. Three data sets were formed regarding the surveyed relationships. The data sets regarding these relationships included 5622, 3716, and 3798 subjects consecutively. According to the meta-analysis technique, the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software (CMA) was used to analyze the collected studies. The data of this meta-analysis includes 21 correlation values collected from the chosen studies. As the findings revealed, each data were heterogeneous. None of the data sets included publication bias. Results showed that all the effect sizes of the surveyed relationships are large. The most significant effect size is the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment (r= .631). The correlation between job satisfaction and intent to quit is also significant, and its effect size is -.600, and the correlation between organizational commitment and intention to quit is also significant (r=-.508). The present research would be important for managers to successfully improve strategies for creating employee loyalty in the sports industry.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Intent to quit, Job satisfaction, Organizational commitment, Meta-Analysis

Öz

Kaynakça

• Becker, H.S. (1960). Notes on the concept of commitment. American Journal of Sociology, 66, 32– 40. https://doi.org/10.1086/222820
• Borenstein, M., Hedges, L.V., Higgins, J.P.T. & Rothstein, H.R. (2009). Introduction to meta analysis. Wiley. UK. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470743386
• *Bravo, G.A., Won, D., & Chiu, W. (2019). Psychological contract, job satisfaction, commitment, and turnover intention: Exploring the moderating role of psychological contract breach in National Collegiate Athletic Association coaches. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 14(3), 273–284. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954119848420
• *Cho, H. & Lee, Y.H. (2021). Understanding sport coaches’ turnover intention and well-being: an environmental psychology approach. Psychology & Health, https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2020.1866183
• Cho, Y., Rutherford, B.N. & Park, J. (2016). Emotional labor’s impact in a retail environment. Journal of Business Research, 66, 2338-2345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2012.04.001
• *Choi, H. & Chiu, W. (2017). Influence of the perceived organizational support, job satisfaction, and career commitment on football referees’ turnover intention. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 17(3), 955-959.
• Choi, S.E. & Kim, S.D. (2016). A meta-analysis of the variables related to job satisfaction among Korean nurses. Contemporary Nurse, 52(4), 462-476. https://doi.org/10.1080/10376178.2016.1221736
• Cogliser, C.C., Schriesheim, C.A., Scandura, T.A., & Gardner, W.L. (2009). Balance in leader and follower perceptions of leader-member exchange: Relationships with performance and work attitudes. The Leadership Quarterly, 20, 452-465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.03.010
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
• *Cunningham, G. B. & Sagas, M. (2004). Examining the main and interactive effects of deep - and surface- level diversity on job satisfaction and organizational turnover intentions. Organizational Analysis, 12 (3), 319-341.
• Decker, F.H., Kojetin, L.D.H. & Bercovitz, A. (2009). Intrinsic job satisfaction, overall satisfaction, and intention to leave the job among nursing assistants in nursing homes. The Gerontologist, 49(5), 596–610. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnp051
• Dickey, H., Watson, V. & Zangelidis, A. (2011). Job satisfaction and quit intentions of offshore workers in the UK North Sea Oil and Gas Industry. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 58(5), 607-633. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9485.2011.00561.x
• Erfanian, E. & Neto, A.B.F. (2017). Scientific output: labor or capital intensive? An analysis for selected countries. Scientometrics, 112(1), 461-482. https://10.1007/s11192-017-2369-z
• Frenkel, S., Sanders, K. & Bednall, T. (2013). Employee perceptions of management relations as influences on job satisfaction and quit intentions. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 30, 7–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-012-9290-z
• Freund, A. (2005). Commitment and job satisfaction as predictors of turnover intentions among welfare workers. Administration in Social Work, 29(2), 5-21. https://doi.org/10.1300/J147v29n02_02
• Gieter, S.D., Hofmans, J. & Pepermans, R. (2011). Revisiting the impact of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on nurse turnover intention: An individual difference analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 48, 1562-1569. https://10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.06.007
• Go’mez, M. A.’, Lago, C., Go’mez, M. T., Furley, P. (2019). Analysis of elite soccer players’ performance before and after signing a new contract. PLoS ONE 14(1): e0211058. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211058
• Guchait, P. & Back, K. (2016). Three country study: impact of support on employee attitudes. The Service Industries Journal, 36(7-8), 299-318. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2016.1186660
• *Gullu, S., Yildiz, B.S., & Kaya, R. (2020). The mediating effect of organizational commitment between mobbing and turnover intention: An application on physical education and sport teachers. European Journal of Education Studies, 7(2), 181-189.
• Hedges, L.V., & Olkin, I. (1985). Statistical methods for meta-analysis. Academic Press.
• Herzberg, F. (1966). Work and the nature of man. World Publishing Co.
• Huang, H. (2006). Understanding culinary arts workers. Journal of Foodservice Business Research, 9(2-3), 151-168. https://doi.org/10.1300/J369v09n02_09
• Humborstad, S.I.W. & Perry, C. (2011). Employee empowerment, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment: An in‐depth empirical investigation. Chinese Management Studies, 5(3), 325-344. https://doi.org/10.1108/17506141111163390
• Kim, H. & Kao, D. (2014). A meta-analysis of turnover intention predictors among U.S. child welfare workers. Children and Youth Services Review, 47(3), 214-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.09.015
• *Kim, H. (2009). Transformational and transactional leadership of athletic directors and their impact on organizational outcomes perceived by head coaches at NCAA Division II intercollegiate institutions. [Doctoral dissertation: Ohio State University, U.S.]
• *Kim, S. & Kim, I. (2020). The relationship among employee career plateau, job satisfaction, organizational cynicism and turnover intention of public sports facility in Korea local autonomy. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(4), 229-238.
• *Kim, T., Park, S. & Chang, K. (2011). Antecedents of organizational citizenship behaviours among part-time employees of service organizations in Korea. Asia Pacific Business Review, 17 (1), 85-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2010.495198
• *Lee, Y.H. & Chelladurai, P. (2018). Emotional intelligence, emotional labor, coach burnout, job satisfaction, and turnover intention in sport leadership. European Sport Management Quarterly, 18(4), 393-412. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2017.1406971
• *Macintosh, E.W. & Doherty, A. (2010). The influence of organizational culture on job satisfaction and intention to leave. Sport Management Review, 13, 106-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2009.04.006
• Meyer, J.P. & Allen, N.J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resources Management Review, 1, 61–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z
• Meyer, J.P. & Herscovitch, L. (2001). Commitment in the workplace: toward a general model. Human Resources Management Review, 11, 299–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053- 4822(00)00053-X
• Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. Annals of Internal Medicine, 151(4), 264–269. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2535
• Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1979). The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14(2), 224–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(79)90072-1
• Park, J. & Min, H. (2020). Turnover intention in the hospitality industry: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 90, 11 pages. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102599
• *Peachey, J.W., Burton, L.J., & Wells, J.E. (2014). Examining the influence of transformational leadership, organizational commitment, job embeddedness, and job search behaviors on turnover intentions in intercollegiate athletics. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 35(8), 740 – 755. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-10-2012-0128
• Porter, L. W., & Steers, R. M. (1973). Organizational, work, and personal factors in employee turnover and absenteeism. Psychological Bulletin, 80, 151-176. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0034829
• Ritzer, G., & Trice, H M (1969). An empirical study of Howard Becker’s side-bet theory. Social Forces, 47, 475- 479. https://doi.org/10.2307/2574537
• *Terason, S. (2018). Managerial turnover intention as a result of leadership behavior, job satisfaction and organizational commitment: Evidence from cross-national fitness enterprises in Thailand. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 17(1), 1-12.
• Tett, R.P. & Meyer, J.P. (1993). Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and turnover: path analyses based on meta-analytic findings. Personnel Psychology. 46, 259–293. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1993.tb00874.x
• Weitz, J. (1952). A neglected concept in the study of job satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 5(3), 201-205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1952.tb01012.x
• Xu, S., Martinez, L.R., Van Hoof, H., Tews, M., Torres, L. & Farfan, K. (2018). The impact of abusive supervision and co-worker support on hospitality and tourismstudent employees’ turnover intentions in Ecuador. Current Issues in Tourism, 21 (7), 775-790. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2015.1076771
• Yang, J. (2010). Antecedents and consequences of job satisfaction in the hotel industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29, 609-619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2009.11.002Get
• Yao, J., Ramirez-Marin, J., Brett, J., Aslani, S. & Semnani-Azad, Z. (2017). A measurement model for dignity, face, and honor cultural norms. Management and Organization Review, 15(4), 713-738.
• *Yildiz, S.M. (2014). The role of internal marketing on job satisfaction and turnover intention: An empirical invetigation of sport and physical activity organizations. Ege Academic Review, 14(1), Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/eab/issue/39924/474252
• Zangaro, G. A., & Soeken, K. L. (2007). A meta-analysis of studies of nurses’ job satisfaction. Research in Nursing & Health, 30(4), 445–58. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20202