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A Qualitative Perspective on Anti-Doping: Mixed Methods Research

Year 2023, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 234 - 257, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1369874

Abstract

National and international anti-doping programs are carried out to protect athletes' health, establish an equal and fair competition environment, and defend the basic principles of sports. This study aims to determine the situation regarding the prevention of doping in sports in Türkiye and the recommendations that can be presented to the national sports administration on anti-doping in line with the findings to be obtained. The study was designed with the explanatory sequential design participant selection sub-design, a mixed method research. Three hundred-two people, determined by the purposeful sampling technique, participated in the research. After evaluating the quantitative findings obtained using the questionnaire technique, in-depth interviews were conducted for the qualitative part of the research with 12 people who met the criteria determined among all the participants. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative data, and theme analysis, descriptive analysis, content analysis, analytical generalization, and discourse analysis were performed in qualitative data analysis. As a result of this research, it is understood that training activities prepared to increase the knowledge and awareness level of sports professionals are considered a more effective method for doping prevention than criminal sanctions. In line with the findings obtained, it is understood that there is a need to establish an independent, multi-faceted anti-doping organization in which all relevant stakeholders are involved and a national action plan in which more importance is attached to guidance and training activities.

References

  • Angelo Corlett, J., Brown JR, V. & Kirkland, K. (2013). “Coping With Doping”. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 40(1), 41-64. https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2012.725897
  • Backhouse, SH., McKenna, J. & Patterson, L. (2009). Prevention Through Education: A Review of Current International Social Science Literature: A Focus on the Prevention of Bullying, Tobacco, Alcohol and Social Drug Use in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults. Project Report. World Anti-Doping Agency.
  • Backhouse, SH., Patterson, L. & McKenna, J. (2012). “Achieving the Olympic Ideal: Preventing Doping in Sport”. Performance Enhancement and Health, 1(2), 83-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peh.2012.08.001
  • Balcı, V., Gök, Y., & Akoğlu, HE. (2018). Türkiye’nin Ulusal Gençlik ve Spor Politikalarının, Sürdürülebilirliğin Sosyal Boyutuyla İncelenmesi. Journal of Sport Science Resarch, 3(1), 9-22. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.399823
  • Barkoukis, V., Mallia, L., Lazuras, L., Ourda, D., Agnello, S., Andjelkovic, M., Bochaver, K., Folkers, D., Bondarev, D., Dikic, N., Dreiskämper, D., Petróczi, A., Strauss, B., & Zelli, A. (2022). The role of comprehensive education in anti-doping policy legitimacy and support among clean athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 60, 102173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102173
  • Burlew, A. K., Copeland, V. C., Ahuama-Jonas, C., & Calsyn, D. A. (2013). Does cultural adaptation have a role in substance abuse treatment? Social Work in Public Health, 28(3-4), 440-460. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19371918.2013.774811
  • Creswell, JW. & Plano Clark, VL. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3. bs.). Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Creswell, JW. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4. bs.). Sage.
  • Ergen, E. (2011). Egzersiz Fizyolojisi [Exercise Physiology] (3th ed.). Nobel Publications, Ankara.
  • Ersoy, E. & Köşger, F. (2016). “Empati: Tanımı ve Önemi/Empathy: Definition and Its Importance”. Osmangazi Journal of Medicine, 38(2), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.33993
  • Exner, J. (2023). Fight against Doping, Good Governance, and Education: What are the Roles and Responsibilities of the Czech Olympic Committee? Sports Law, Policy & Diplomacy Journal. https://doi.org/10.30925/slpdj.1.1.3
  • Faggiano, F., Vigna-Taglianti, FD., Versino, E., Zambon, A., Borraccino, A. & Lemma, P. (2008). “School-based prevention for illicit drugs use: A systematic review”. Preventive Medicine, 46(5), 385-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.11.012
  • Franke, W. W. & Berendonk, B. (1997). “Hormonal Doping and Androgenization of Athletes: A Secret Program of the German Democratic Republic Government”. Clinical chemistry, 43(7), 1262-1279. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/43.7.1262
  • Günbayı, İ. (2019). “Nitel Araştırmada Veri Analizi: Tema Analizi, Betimsel Analiz, İçerik Analizi ve Analitik Genelleme.” http://www.nirvanasosyal.com/h-392-nitel-arastirmada-veri-analizi-tema-analizi-betimsel-analiz-icerik-analizi-ve-analitik- genelleme. (date of access: 24.05.2022)
  • Günbayı, İ. (2020). “Systematic Curriculum and Instructional Development for a Mixed Methods Research: SCID-MMR”. Journal of Mixed Methods Studies (JOMES), 1(1).
  • Landis, JR. & Koch, GG. (1977). “The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data”. Biometrics, 33, 159-174. https://doi.org/10.2307/2529310
  • Marshall, LE. & Marshall, WL. (2011). “Empathy and Antisocial Behavior”. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 22(5), 742-759. https://doi.org/10.1080/14789949.2011.617544
  • Özdemir, M. (2010). “Nitel Veri Analizi: Sosyal Bilimlerde Yöntembilim Sorunsalı Üzerine Bir Çalışma”. Journal of Social Science Eskişehir Osmangazi University, 11(1), 323-343.
  • Şahin, M. (2018). Spor Ahlakı ve Sorunları (3th ed.). Spor Yayınevi ve Kitapevi, Ankara.
  • Schneider, A. J. & Butcher R. B. (2000). “A Philosophical Overview of the Arguments on Banning Doping in Sport”. C. Tamburrini ve T. Tannsjö. (ed.). Values in Sport: Elitism, Nationalism, Gender Equality and the Scientific Manufacturing of Winners. Taylor ve Francis, London and New York, 185-199.
  • Shafer, M. (2016). Well Played: A Christian Theology of Sport and the Ethics of Doping. Pickwick Publications, USA. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1cg4kv5
  • Solberg, H. A., Hanstad, D. V., & Thoring, T. A. (2010). Doping in elite sport-do the fans care? Public opinion on the consequences of doping scandals. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 11(3), 2-16. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-11-03-2010-B002
  • Songün, Y., Katkat, D. & Budak, D. (2015). “Türkiye’deki Ulusal Spor Federasyonlarının Doping Kontrol Uygulamalarının Değerlendirilmesi”. Spormetre The Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 13(2), 93-102. https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000273
  • Steinka-Fry, K. T., Tanner-Smith, E. E., Dakof, G. A., & Henderson, C. (2017). Culturally sensitive substance use treatment for racial/ethnic minority youth: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 75, 22-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2017.01.006
  • Turkish Anti-Doping Commission (2019). “Türkiye Dopingle Mücadele Talimatı”. http://www.tdmk.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Turkiye-Dopingle-Mucadele-Talimati-2019.pdf (date of access: 30 Ocak 2020).
  • Ulusal Gençlik ve Spor Politikası Belgesi. (2013, 27 Ocak). Resmi Gazete (Sayı: 28541). Access address: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2013/01/20130127-8-1.pdf
  • WADA, “Who We Are”. https://www.wada-ama.org/en/who-we-are (date of access: 29.11.2021). World Anti-Doping Agency (2021). World Anti-Doping Code. WADA. Canada.
  • Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri [Qualitative research methods in the social sciences] (11th ed.). Seçkin Publications, Ankara.
  • Yin, RK. (1984). Case Study Research: Desing and Methods (3. bs.). SAGE Publications.
Year 2023, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 234 - 257, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1369874

Abstract

References

  • Angelo Corlett, J., Brown JR, V. & Kirkland, K. (2013). “Coping With Doping”. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 40(1), 41-64. https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2012.725897
  • Backhouse, SH., McKenna, J. & Patterson, L. (2009). Prevention Through Education: A Review of Current International Social Science Literature: A Focus on the Prevention of Bullying, Tobacco, Alcohol and Social Drug Use in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults. Project Report. World Anti-Doping Agency.
  • Backhouse, SH., Patterson, L. & McKenna, J. (2012). “Achieving the Olympic Ideal: Preventing Doping in Sport”. Performance Enhancement and Health, 1(2), 83-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peh.2012.08.001
  • Balcı, V., Gök, Y., & Akoğlu, HE. (2018). Türkiye’nin Ulusal Gençlik ve Spor Politikalarının, Sürdürülebilirliğin Sosyal Boyutuyla İncelenmesi. Journal of Sport Science Resarch, 3(1), 9-22. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.399823
  • Barkoukis, V., Mallia, L., Lazuras, L., Ourda, D., Agnello, S., Andjelkovic, M., Bochaver, K., Folkers, D., Bondarev, D., Dikic, N., Dreiskämper, D., Petróczi, A., Strauss, B., & Zelli, A. (2022). The role of comprehensive education in anti-doping policy legitimacy and support among clean athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 60, 102173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102173
  • Burlew, A. K., Copeland, V. C., Ahuama-Jonas, C., & Calsyn, D. A. (2013). Does cultural adaptation have a role in substance abuse treatment? Social Work in Public Health, 28(3-4), 440-460. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19371918.2013.774811
  • Creswell, JW. & Plano Clark, VL. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3. bs.). Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Creswell, JW. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4. bs.). Sage.
  • Ergen, E. (2011). Egzersiz Fizyolojisi [Exercise Physiology] (3th ed.). Nobel Publications, Ankara.
  • Ersoy, E. & Köşger, F. (2016). “Empati: Tanımı ve Önemi/Empathy: Definition and Its Importance”. Osmangazi Journal of Medicine, 38(2), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.33993
  • Exner, J. (2023). Fight against Doping, Good Governance, and Education: What are the Roles and Responsibilities of the Czech Olympic Committee? Sports Law, Policy & Diplomacy Journal. https://doi.org/10.30925/slpdj.1.1.3
  • Faggiano, F., Vigna-Taglianti, FD., Versino, E., Zambon, A., Borraccino, A. & Lemma, P. (2008). “School-based prevention for illicit drugs use: A systematic review”. Preventive Medicine, 46(5), 385-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.11.012
  • Franke, W. W. & Berendonk, B. (1997). “Hormonal Doping and Androgenization of Athletes: A Secret Program of the German Democratic Republic Government”. Clinical chemistry, 43(7), 1262-1279. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/43.7.1262
  • Günbayı, İ. (2019). “Nitel Araştırmada Veri Analizi: Tema Analizi, Betimsel Analiz, İçerik Analizi ve Analitik Genelleme.” http://www.nirvanasosyal.com/h-392-nitel-arastirmada-veri-analizi-tema-analizi-betimsel-analiz-icerik-analizi-ve-analitik- genelleme. (date of access: 24.05.2022)
  • Günbayı, İ. (2020). “Systematic Curriculum and Instructional Development for a Mixed Methods Research: SCID-MMR”. Journal of Mixed Methods Studies (JOMES), 1(1).
  • Landis, JR. & Koch, GG. (1977). “The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data”. Biometrics, 33, 159-174. https://doi.org/10.2307/2529310
  • Marshall, LE. & Marshall, WL. (2011). “Empathy and Antisocial Behavior”. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 22(5), 742-759. https://doi.org/10.1080/14789949.2011.617544
  • Özdemir, M. (2010). “Nitel Veri Analizi: Sosyal Bilimlerde Yöntembilim Sorunsalı Üzerine Bir Çalışma”. Journal of Social Science Eskişehir Osmangazi University, 11(1), 323-343.
  • Şahin, M. (2018). Spor Ahlakı ve Sorunları (3th ed.). Spor Yayınevi ve Kitapevi, Ankara.
  • Schneider, A. J. & Butcher R. B. (2000). “A Philosophical Overview of the Arguments on Banning Doping in Sport”. C. Tamburrini ve T. Tannsjö. (ed.). Values in Sport: Elitism, Nationalism, Gender Equality and the Scientific Manufacturing of Winners. Taylor ve Francis, London and New York, 185-199.
  • Shafer, M. (2016). Well Played: A Christian Theology of Sport and the Ethics of Doping. Pickwick Publications, USA. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1cg4kv5
  • Solberg, H. A., Hanstad, D. V., & Thoring, T. A. (2010). Doping in elite sport-do the fans care? Public opinion on the consequences of doping scandals. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 11(3), 2-16. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-11-03-2010-B002
  • Songün, Y., Katkat, D. & Budak, D. (2015). “Türkiye’deki Ulusal Spor Federasyonlarının Doping Kontrol Uygulamalarının Değerlendirilmesi”. Spormetre The Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 13(2), 93-102. https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000273
  • Steinka-Fry, K. T., Tanner-Smith, E. E., Dakof, G. A., & Henderson, C. (2017). Culturally sensitive substance use treatment for racial/ethnic minority youth: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 75, 22-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2017.01.006
  • Turkish Anti-Doping Commission (2019). “Türkiye Dopingle Mücadele Talimatı”. http://www.tdmk.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Turkiye-Dopingle-Mucadele-Talimati-2019.pdf (date of access: 30 Ocak 2020).
  • Ulusal Gençlik ve Spor Politikası Belgesi. (2013, 27 Ocak). Resmi Gazete (Sayı: 28541). Access address: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2013/01/20130127-8-1.pdf
  • WADA, “Who We Are”. https://www.wada-ama.org/en/who-we-are (date of access: 29.11.2021). World Anti-Doping Agency (2021). World Anti-Doping Code. WADA. Canada.
  • Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri [Qualitative research methods in the social sciences] (11th ed.). Seçkin Publications, Ankara.
  • Yin, RK. (1984). Case Study Research: Desing and Methods (3. bs.). SAGE Publications.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sociology (Other), Sports Activity Management
Journal Section Leisure & Sport Management
Authors

Mine Ömercioğlu 0000-0002-1468-0444

Alparslan Erman 0000-0002-6056-4524

Publication Date December 29, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 14 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Ömercioğlu, M., & Erman, A. (2023). A Qualitative Perspective on Anti-Doping: Mixed Methods Research. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, 14(3), 234-257. https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1369874