Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

A Rhythmanalysis Approach to Understanding the Experiences of Theme Park Visitors

Year 2025, Volume: 16 Issue: Online First, 1 - 27
https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1598613

Abstract

Rhytmanalysis has gained attention in different indoor and outdoor places. However, rhythmanalysis studies focusing on urban parks are quite limited. In particular, studies conducted in theme parks are almost absent. This study aims to explore visitors’ spatio-temporal experiences and the rhythms they encounter. The research was conducted in Sazova Park, an urban theme park in Eskisehir, Turkey. This study emphasizes the value of combining autoethnography with rhythmanalysis theory. This approach is considered fruitful for revealing rhythms across different spaces. Following Lefebvre’s rhythmanalysis approach and autoethnographic method, this study examines the relationship between rhythms and the experience of visiting a park. Data consisted of observational field notes, a researcher’s diary, images (photographs and videos), social media posts, park visit records, and informal conversations with park visitors. Data were analyzed thematically using the six phases described by Braun and Clarke (2006). The results revealed three main rhythms: arrhythmia, eurhythmia, and polyrhythmia. In addition, six contextual rhythms were identified: push–pull, somatic, seasonal, exploratory, route, and consumption. This study contributes to a from theme park visitors’ experiences. The study also offers practical implications for local governments and park managers. The results can inform strategies to enhance visitor satisfaction and manage spatial allocation in the park. Park rhythms can guide more effective planning decisions. Consequently, the findings revealed through rhythmanalysis suggest that urban parks are an indispensable part of social life and are widely used as leisure and recreational spaces.

Ethical Statement

The research was approved by Eskişehir Technical University Social and Humanities Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee (14/1, 04/11/2022).

Thanks

We sincerely thank the Eskişehir Metropolitan Municipality for granting us permission to collect data in Sazova Park.

References

  • Bai, S., He, H., Han, C., Yang, M., Yu, D., Bi, X., Yan, J., Li, S., Zhao, Y., Zhou, L., Chen, Q., Zhang, R., Liu, T., Wang, Y., Huang, F., Gao, Z., Ma, X., Liu, Y., Xu, H., & Panigrahi, P. K. (2024). Exploring thematic influences on theme park visitors’ satisfaction: An empirical study on Disneyland China. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 23(1), 90–106. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.2157
  • Bechara, A. (2003). Decisions, uncertainty, and the brain: The science of neuroeconomics. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 25(7), 1035-1037. https://doi.org/10.1076/jcen.25.7.1035.16488
  • Bertram, C., Meyerhoff, J., Rehdanz, K., & Wüstemann, H. (2017). Differences in the recreational value of urban parks between weekdays and weekends: A discrete choice analysis. Landscape and Urban Planning, 159, 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.10.006
  • Birenboim, A., Anton-Clavé, S., Russo, A. P., & Shoval, N. (2013). Temporal activity patterns of theme park visitors. Tourism Geographies, 15(4), 601–619. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2012.762540
  • Bochner, A. P., & Ellis, C. (2006). Communication as autoethnography. In G. J. Shepherd, J. S. St. John, & T. Striphas (Eds.), Communication as …: Perspectives on theory (pp. 110–122). SAGE. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483329055.n13
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Bursa İnternet Gazetesi. (2024, April 22). Sazova Parkı 23 Nisan’da çocukları bekliyor. https://www.bursainternetgazetesi.com/gundem/sazova-parki-23-nisan-da-cocuklari-bekliyor-164672
  • Caprona, Y. C. d. (2013). Norsk etymologisk ordbok : tematisk ordnet. Oslo: Kagge
  • Chen, X., & Kang, J. (2023). Natural sounds can encourage social interactions in urban parks. Landscape and Urban Planning, 239, Article 104870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2023.104870
  • CNN Türk. (n.d.). Eskişehir’in vazgeçilmez lezzeti; Çibörek. https://www.cnnturk.com/yasam/eskisehirin-vazgecilmez-lezzeti-ciborek-1035510
  • Decrop, A. (1999). Triangulation in qualitative tourism research. Tourism Management, 20(1), 157-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00102-2
  • Dinç, H. (2024). Rekreasyonda mekânsal davranışlar: Ziyaretçi temelli ritim analizi yaklaşımı [Doktora tezi, Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
  • Duffy, M., Waitt, G., Gorman-Murray, A., & Gibson, C. (2011). Bodily rhythms: corporeal capacities to engage with festival spaces. Emotion, Space & Society, 4(1), 17–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emospa.2010.03.004
  • Edensor, T. (2010a). “Introduction: Thinking About Rhythm and Space.” In Geographies of Rhythm: Nature, Place, Mobilities and Bodies, edited by Tim Edensor. Surrey: Ashgate.
  • Edensor, T. (2010b). Geographies of Rhythm: Nature, Place, Mobilities and Bodies. NewYork: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315584430
  • Edensor, T. (2010c). Walking in rhythms: Place, regulation, style and the flow of experience. Visual studies, 25(1), 69-79. https://doi.org/10.1080/14725861003606902
  • Edensor, T. (2016). Introduction: Thinking about rhythm and space. In Geographies of rhythm (pp. 1-18). Routledge.
  • Edensor, T., & Holloway, J. (2008). Rhythmanalysing the coach tour: The Ring of Kerry, Ireland. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 33(4), 483–501. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2008.00318.x
  • Edensor, T., & Larsen, J. (2018). Rhythmanalysing the urban runner: Pildammsparken, Malmö. Applied Mobilities, 3(2), 97-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/23800127.2017.1347361
  • Elden, S. (2013). “Rhythmanalysis: An Introduction.” In Henri Lefebvre, Rhythmanalysis: Space, Time and Everyday Life, 1–10. London: Bloomsbury.
  • Ellis, C. (2004). The Ethnographic I: A methodological novel about autoethnography. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759100510; 448 pages.
  • Ellis, C., Adams, T. E., & Bochner, A. P. (2011). Autoethnography: An overview. Historical Social Research, 36(4), 273–290. https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.36.2011.4.273-290
  • Eskişehir Büyükşehir Belediyesi Senfoni Orkestrası. (2024). Konserden Kareler. https://senfoni.eskisehir.bel.tr/manset.php?manset_id=137
  • Eskişehir Büyükşehir Belediyesi. (n.d.). Optimist Yaz Okulu kayıtları başlıyor. https://www.eskisehir.bel.tr/icerikdetay.php?cat_icerik=1&icerik_id=214&menu_id=24
  • Eskişehir Büyükşehir Belediyesi. (n.d.). Sazova Bilim Kültür ve Sanat Parkı. https://www.eskisehir.bel.tr/sayfalar.php?sayfalar_id=57&utm_source=chatgpt.com
  • Eskişehir Municipality. (2025 October). Tanıtım Kataloğu. https://www.eskisehir.bel.tr/tanitim-katalogu
  • Eskişehir Telgraf. (2024, December 20). Eskişehir’in özellikleri neler? Dikkat çeken 6 Eskişehir özelliği. https://www.eskisehirtelgraf.com/gundem/eskisehirin-ozellikleri-neler-dikkat-ceken-6-eskisehir-ozelligi/391
  • Flaum, T. B., Chinsky, R. III, & Yao, S. C. (2020). Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Diagnosis and management with an osteopathic component. Osteopathic Family Physician, 12(6), 18–24. https://doi.org/10.33181/12062
  • Flick, U. (Ed.). (2018). The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data Collection. London, England: SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526416070
  • Ford, D. R. (2021). Inhuman educations: Jean-Francois Lyotard, pedagogy, thought. Boston, MA: Brill.
  • Ford, D. R. (2023). Arrhythmanalysis and revolutionary rupture of détournement: Lefebvre and the pedagogical rhythms of Post-Fordism. Postdigital Science and Education, 5(2), 440–454. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-021-00285-x
  • Gazete Vatan. (n.d.). Disneyland’e karşı masal şatosu [Galeri]. https://www.gazetevatan.com/yasam/galeri-disneyland-a-karsi-masal-satosu-1533290/12
  • Gezip Gördüm. (n.d.). Sazova Parkı: Bilim, Sanat ve Kültür Parkı. https://gezipgordum.com/sazova-parki-bilim-sanat-ve-kultur-parki/
  • Haberes. (2022). Eskişehir’de 2022 yılına spor damga vurdu. Haberes. https://www.haberes.com.tr/eskisehirde-2022-yilina-spor-damga-vurdu
  • Haberes. (n.d.). Spor ve eğlence bu festivalde buluştu. Haberes. https://www.haberes.com.tr/spor-ve-eglence-bu-festivalde-bulustu
  • Häfker, N. S., & Tessmar-Raible, K. (2020). Rhythms of behavior: Are the times changin’? Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 60, 55-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2019.10.005
  • Holt, N. L. (2003). Representation, legitimation and autoethnography: An autoethnographic writing story. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 2(1), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690300200102
  • İncir, İ. (2024). Eskişehir'de gezilecek yerler. Enuygun Blog. 24 Ocak 2024. https://www.enuygun.com/bilgi/eskisehir-gezilecek-yerler-mutlaka-gorulmesi-gereken-80-yer/ Accessed on 04 March 2024.
  • Kedi Kültür Sanat. (2019, October 26). Eskişehir, Sazova Parkı. https://kedikultursanat.org/eskisehir-sazova-parki/#bwg265/19049
  • Kotler, P. (2009). Marketing management. Pearson Education India.
  • Le Roux, C. S. (2017). Exploring rigour in autoethnographic research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 20(2), 195–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2016.1140965
  • Lefebvre, H. (1991). The production of space (D. Nicholson-Smith, Trans.). Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Lefebvre, H. (1992). Éléments de rythmanalyse: Introduction à la connaissance des rythmes. Paris: Éditions Syllepse.
  • Lefebvre, H. (1996). Writings on cities (E. Kofman & E. Lebas, Eds.). Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
  • Lefebvre, H. (2004). Rhythmanalysis: Space, time and everyday life (S. Elden & G. Moore, Trans.). London: Continuum.
  • Lefebvre, H. (2013). Rhythmanalysis: Space, time and everyday life. Trans. S. Elden & G. Moore. London: Bloomsbury.
  • Leigh, J. (2021). What would a rhythmanalysis of a qualitative researcher’s life look like? In K. R. Fox & H. J. Anderson (Eds.), Temporality in qualitative inquiry: Theories, methods and practices (pp. 72–92). London: Routledge.
  • Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. sage.
  • Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1990). Judging the quality of case study reports. Internation Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 3(1), 53-59.
  • Lyon, D. (2019). What is rhythmanalysis? London: Bloomsbury Academic.
  • Martinović, M. (2013). Exhibition space of remembrance: Rhythmanalysis of Memorial Park Kragujevački Oktobar. SAJ – Serbian Architectural Journal, 5(3), 306–329. https://doi.org/10.5937/SAJ1303306M
  • Massey, J. (2019). Gateways for consumption: A rhythmanalysis. Journal of Consumer Culture, 19(3), 417–437. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540519856403
  • Masullo, M., Maffei, L., Pascale, A., Senese, V. P., De Stefano, S., & Chau, C. K. (2021). Effects of evocative audio-visual installations on the restorativeness in urban parks. Sustainability, 13(15), Article 8328. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158328
  • Méndez, M. (2013). Autoethnography as a research method: Advantages, limitations and criticisms. Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal, 15(2), 279–287. https://doi.org/10.14483/udistrital.jour.calj.2013.2.a09
  • Nash, L. (2022). The lived experience of work and city rhythms: A rhythmanalysis of London’s Square Mile. Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited https://doi.org/10.1108/9781800718133
  • Pine, J. and Gilmore, J. (1998). Welcome To The Experience Economy. Harvard Business Review, 76(4),97-105.
  • Schmitt, B., & Zarantonello, L. (2013). Consumer experience and experiential marketing: A critical review. In N. K. Malhotra (Ed.), Review of marketing research (Vol. 10, pp. 25–61). Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1548-6435(2013)0000010006
  • Simpson, P. (2012). Apprehending everyday rhythms: Rhythmanalysis, time-lapse photography, and the space-times of street performance. Cultural Geographies, 19(4), 423–445. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474474011422260
  • Tasci, A. D., & Milman, A. (2019). Exploring experiential consumption dimensions in the theme park context. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(7), 853–876. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2017.1306037
  • Ter Haar, A., & Smid, G. E. (2024). Applying the phenomenology of grief: An autoethnographic study. Death Studies, 49(2), 154–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2024.2309468
  • Thurnell-Read, T., Robinson, D., Herbst, J. P., & Spracklen, P. K. (2021). Rhythm and booze: Contesting leisure mobilities on the Transpennine Real Ale Trail. Mobilities, 16(3), 322–338. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2021.1885987
  • TripAdvisor LLC. (n.d.). Sazova Park, Eskişehir – Photo. https://www.tripadvisor.com.tr/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g319806-d3651503-i139641086-Sazova_Park-Eskisehir_Eskisehir_Province.html
  • Vergunst, J. (2010). Rhythms of walking: History and presence in a city street. Space and Culture, 13(4), 376–388. https://doi.org/10.1177/1206331210374145
  • Völker, B., Flap, H., & Lindenberg, S. (2007). When are neighbourhoods communities? Community in Dutch neighbourhoods. European Sociological Review, 23(1), 99–114. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcl022
  • Wozniak, J. (2017). Towards a rhythmanalysis of debt dressage: Education as rhythmic resistance in everyday indebted life. Policy Futures in Education, 15(4), 495–508. https://doi.org/10.1177/1478210317715795
  • Wunderlich, F. (2008). Walking and rhythmicity: Sensing urban space. Journal of Urban Design, 13(1), 125–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/13574800701803472
  • Zuckerman, M. (1979). Sensation seeking: Beyond the optimal level of arousal. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.
There are 67 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports and Recreation
Journal Section Leisure & Sport Management
Authors

Metin Argan 0000-0002-9570-0469

Halime Dinç 0000-0002-2391-5508

Early Pub Date November 14, 2025
Publication Date November 17, 2025
Submission Date December 9, 2024
Acceptance Date September 2, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 16 Issue: Online First

Cite

APA Argan, M., & Dinç, H. (2025). A Rhythmanalysis Approach to Understanding the Experiences of Theme Park Visitors. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, 16(Online First), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1598613