Research Article

THE OCCUPATION FORCES EVACUATING GAZI AYNTÂB AS PART OF THE ANKARA AGREEMENT

Number: 50 December 9, 2024
EN TR

THE OCCUPATION FORCES EVACUATING GAZI AYNTÂB AS PART OF THE ANKARA AGREEMENT

Abstract

Ayntâb, which was occupied by the British on 17 December 1918 with fabricated reasons, was handed over to the French occupation forces on 5 November 1919, although it was not included in the Armistice of Mudros signed by the Istanbul government on October 30, 1918. During the occupation period between 17 December 1918 and 5 November 1919, the British collected explosives, cutting tools and equipment, including firearms and onion knives, and made the people vulnerable. The French occupation forces, which intensified and increased their violence and pressure on the society day by day, almost all of them, composed of Algerian, Senegalese, Tunisian and Armenian legionnaires, began to attack the morals and beliefsof the people. Mustafa Kemal, who came to Kilis just before the Armistice of Mudros and organized the people against the invasion that would begin, corresponded with the Kemalists in Ayntâb while he was in Amasya, had the "Defense of Law Associations" (Müdâfaa-i Hukuk Cemiyetleri) established there and started the struggle. The hot war between the Kemalists and the French occupation forces, which started on April 1, 1920, was ended with the initiative of the "Sulh ve Selamet Cemiyeti", which took orders and instructions from the Istanbul Government, and the city center fell on February 9, 1921. However, Mustafa Kemal's struggle continued and France, realizing that it could not stand against the "Guerrilla War" due to military and economic reasons, made peace initiatives and finally, the Ankara Agreement was signed between Ankara and France on 20 October 1921. As a result of the Ankara Agreement, which we can consider as a complete Pyrrhic victory for France and a diplomatic success for Turkey, Cilicia, which, in Mustafa Kemal's words, was "a piece of our soul", regained its homeland. The evacuations were made in accordance with Article 4 of the treaty, consisting of Christian representatives and Turkish representatives. It was carried out in line with desires and requests by means of 'mixed commissions'.

Keywords

References

  1. Askerî Tarih ve Stratejik Etüt Başkanlığı (ATASE).
  2. Château de Vincennes.
  3. India Office Records (I.O.R) and Private Papers.
  4. Ministre des Affaires Étrangères,
  5. Books and Articles.
  6. Abadie, [Jean-Joseph] M[aurice], Les Quatre Sièges d’Aïntab, Paris: Charles-Lavauzelle & Cie, 1922.
  7. Adil, Selahaddin, Hayat Mücadeleleri, İstanbul 1962.
  8. Akşin, Sina “French-Turkish Relations at the end of 1919,” Batu, Hâmit et Bacqué-Grammont, Jean-Louis,

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Historical Studies (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 9, 2024

Submission Date

October 25, 2024

Acceptance Date

November 3, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2024 Number: 50

APA
Pekdoğan, C. (2024). THE OCCUPATION FORCES EVACUATING GAZI AYNTÂB AS PART OF THE ANKARA AGREEMENT. Review of Armenian Studies, 50, 163-192. https://izlik.org/JA75WE48KU
AMA
1.Pekdoğan C. THE OCCUPATION FORCES EVACUATING GAZI AYNTÂB AS PART OF THE ANKARA AGREEMENT. RAS. 2024;(50):163-192. https://izlik.org/JA75WE48KU
Chicago
Pekdoğan, Celal. 2024. “THE OCCUPATION FORCES EVACUATING GAZI AYNTÂB AS PART OF THE ANKARA AGREEMENT”. Review of Armenian Studies, nos. 50: 163-92. https://izlik.org/JA75WE48KU.
EndNote
Pekdoğan C (December 1, 2024) THE OCCUPATION FORCES EVACUATING GAZI AYNTÂB AS PART OF THE ANKARA AGREEMENT. Review of Armenian Studies 50 163–192.
IEEE
[1]C. Pekdoğan, “THE OCCUPATION FORCES EVACUATING GAZI AYNTÂB AS PART OF THE ANKARA AGREEMENT”, RAS, no. 50, pp. 163–192, Dec. 2024, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA75WE48KU
ISNAD
Pekdoğan, Celal. “THE OCCUPATION FORCES EVACUATING GAZI AYNTÂB AS PART OF THE ANKARA AGREEMENT”. Review of Armenian Studies. 50 (December 1, 2024): 163-192. https://izlik.org/JA75WE48KU.
JAMA
1.Pekdoğan C. THE OCCUPATION FORCES EVACUATING GAZI AYNTÂB AS PART OF THE ANKARA AGREEMENT. RAS. 2024;:163–192.
MLA
Pekdoğan, Celal. “THE OCCUPATION FORCES EVACUATING GAZI AYNTÂB AS PART OF THE ANKARA AGREEMENT”. Review of Armenian Studies, no. 50, Dec. 2024, pp. 163-92, https://izlik.org/JA75WE48KU.
Vancouver
1.Celal Pekdoğan. THE OCCUPATION FORCES EVACUATING GAZI AYNTÂB AS PART OF THE ANKARA AGREEMENT. RAS [Internet]. 2024 Dec. 1;(50):163-92. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA75WE48KU