Facts And Comments

Year 2020, Issue: 41, 9 - 75, 28.07.2020

Alev Kılıç

Abstract

This article covers Turkey-Armenia relations as well as the domestic and international developments of Armenia in the period of January to July of 2020. It has been a turbulent period for Armenia at home. Having difficulties in fulfilling promises and falling behind expectations, Prime of Minister of Armenia Nikol Pashinyan has targeted the bureaucracy, in particular the judiciary with the members of the Constitutional Court at the top, identified with the previous administrations. With the desire to shape the institutions in his own way in a legal manner, he called for a referendum for changes in the constitution but was forced to give up on this call. The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict has continued to be the dominating and vulnerable problem casting its shadow internationally, internally a trump card for exploitation by the opposition. The “Multi-vector” approach in formulating foreign policy has become fashionable again, leading to searches for new openings as relations with Russia experienced strains. The COVID-19 pandemic took a heavy toll on Armenia as well, with consequences on the internal situation. Attitudes against Turkey have sharpened, projecting the appearance of enmity.

Keywords

Nikol Pashinyan, Armenia-Turkey Relations, Nagorno-Karabakh, Zohrab Mnatsakanyan, COVID-19

Olaylar Ve Yorumlar

Abstract

Bu incelemede Ermenistan’ın iç ve dış dinamiklerinde ve Türkiye-Ermenistan ilişkilerinde Ocak-Temmuz 2020 ayları arasındaki gelişmeler ele alınmaktadır. İç politikada Ermenistan çalkantılı bir dönem geçirmiştir. Ermenistan Başbakanı Nikol Paşinyan yönetimi gerçekleştiremediği vaatlerin ve karşılayamadığı beklentilerin sorumlusu olarak eski yönetim döneminin halen görevde bulunan bürokratlarını, özellikle yargı erkini ve anayasa mahkemesi üyelerini hedef almış, arzuladığı değişiklikleri yapabilmek üzere, gereken anayasa değişikliği için referanduma gitme kararı almış, daha sonra bu kararından vaz geçmek zorunda kalmıştır. Uluslararası öncelikli bir sorun olmaya devam eden Dağlık Karabağ çatışması iç politikada da muhalefetin istismarına açık duyarlı niteliğini devam ettirmiştir. Dış ilişkilerde özellikle Rusya ile ilişkilerde karşılaşılan sıkıntıların ışığında, yeni açılımlar arayışını ifade eden “çok vektörlü” dış politika söylemi ve pratiği devam etmiştir. COVID-19 salgını Ermenistan’ı da ciddi biçimde sarsmış, iç politikada da yansımaları olmuştur. Türkiye ile ilişkilerde Türkiye karşıtlığı düşmanlık görüntüsü kazanmıştır.

Keywords

Nikol Paşinyan, Türkiye-Ermenistan İlişkileri, Dağlık Karabağ, Zohrab Mnatsakanyan, COVID-19

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• “Senior officers fired after spate of non-combat deaths in Armenian military.” Eurasianet, February 19, 2020, https://eurasianet.org/senior-officers-fired-after-spate-of-non-combat-deaths-in-armenian-military
• “Statement by the Foreign Ministry of Armenia on the recent statements by Turkey.” Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia, July 15, 2020, https://www.mfa.am/en/interviews-articles-and-comments/2020/07/15/armmfa-statement/10373
• “Statement by the Foreign Ministry of Armenia on the statement of the Turkish Foreign Ministry.” Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia, July 13, 2020, https://www.mfa.am/en/interviews-articles-and-comments/2020/07/13/MFA_Statement_Turkey/10361
• “Statement by the President on Armenian Remembrance Day.” The US White House, April 24, 2020, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/statement-president-armenian-remembrance-day/
• “Statement by Zohrab Mnatsakanyan, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia at the 26th Meeting of the OSCE Ministerial Council in Bratislava.” Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia, December 5, 2019, https://www.mfa.am/en/speeches/2019/12/05/fm_remarks_osce_26/9996
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• “The response by MFA Spokesperson to the statements of the Turkish side amid the fight against COVID19.” Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia, April 13, 2020, https://www.mfa.am/en/interviews-articles-and-comments/2020/04/13/armresponse-turkey/10209
• “The session of the Council of Foreign Ministers of the Commonwealth of Independent States was held in the video-conference format.” Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia, May 12, 2020, https://www.mfa.am/en/press-releases/2020/05/12/CIS_Council_of_FMs/10263
• “Top Armenian security official resigns.” Eurasia.net, September 16, 2019, https://eurasianet.org/top-armenian-security-official-resigns “Turkey’s policy remains threat for Armenia and its people – PM Pashinyan.” ArmenPress, December 13, 2020, https://armenpress.am/eng/news/998780.html
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• “Urgent: Germany banned activities of 'NKR representation' (Editorial).” Azeri Daily, May 22, 2020, http://azeridaily.com/reality/56136
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• “Zohrab Mnatsakanyan: There is no crisis in Armenia-Russia relations.” Media Max, June 11, 2020, https://mediamax.am/en/news/foreignpolicy/38100/
• “Լևոն Տեր-Պետրոսյան. Պատերազմական վիճակի թելադրանքով.” Azatutyun, April 7, 2020, https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30540341.html
• “Պենտագոն. հայ-ամերիկյան ռազմական համագործակցությունն ակտիվորեն զարգանում է. VOA.” Factor.am, January 31, 2020, https://factor.am/217983.html
• “Փաշինյանը հանրաքվեի հռչակագրի նախագիծ է հրապարակում.” Azatutyun, March 11, 2020, https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30481268.html
• Astourian, Stephan. “Hybrid Warfare, a Pseudo-Scandal and the Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute.” EVNReport, June 21, 2020, https://www.evnreport.com/raw-unfiltered/hybrid-warfare-a-pseudo-scandal-and-the-armenian-genocide-museum-institute
• AVİM, “Resolutions On 1915 Came One After Another From U.S. Senate.” Center for Eurasian Studies (AVİM), Commentary No: 2019/67, December 19, 2019, https://avim.org.tr/en/Yorum/RESOLUTIONS-ON-1915-CAME-ONE-AFTER-ANOTHER-FROM-U-S-SENATE
• Bacchi, Umberto. “Gold of contention: Armenia land dispute in spotlight as government steps in.” Reuters, June 6, 2019, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-mine-protests/gold-of-contention-armenia-land-dispute-in-spotlight-as-government-steps-in-idUSKCN1T701D
• Bedevian, Astghik. “Serzh Sarkisian Again Visits Europe Despite Trial.” Azatutyun, March 6, 2020, https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30472601.html
• Demirci, Zuhal. “Turkey asks China to clarify aid packages to Armenia.” Anadolu Agency, April 12, 2020, https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkey/turkey-asks-china-to-clarify-aid-packages-to-armenia/1801444
• Dilaver, Tutku. “The Opposition Against Turkey in The Election of The President of Un General Assembly.” Center for Eurasian Studies (AVİM), Commentary No: 2020/18, June 26, 2020, https://avim.org.tr/en/Yorum/THE-OPPOSITION-AGAINST-TURKEY-IN-THE-ELECTION-OF-THE-PRESIDENT-OF-UN-GENERAL-ASSEMBLY
• Durul, Tevfik. “Bakan Çavuşoğlu: AGİT Minsk Grubu Yukarı Karabağ’da çözüm için daha etkin çalışmalı.” Anadolu Ajansı, 2 Mart 2020, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/politika/bakan-cavusoglu-agit-minskgrubu- yukari-karabagda-cozum-icin-daha-etkin-calismali/1751517
• Düz, Zehra Nur. “OIC rejects elections in ‘occupied’ Nagorno-Karabakh.” Anadolu Agency, April 1, 2020, https://www.aa.com.tr/en/politics/oic-rejects-elections-in-occupied-nagorno-karabakh/1788243
• Ghazanchyan, Siranush. “Armenia extends the state of emergency for another month.” Public Radio of Armenia, July 13, 2020, https://en.armradio.am/2020/07/13/armenia-extends-the-state-of-emergency-for-another-month-2/
• Ghazanchyan, Siranush. “EBRD forecasts Armenia’s GDP to shrink by 3.5 per cent in 2020 before rebounding to 5.5% in 2021.” Public Radio of Armenia, May 13, 2020, https://en.armradio.am/2020/05/13/ebrd-forecasts-armenias-gdp-to-shrink-by-3-5-per-cent-in-2020-before-rebounding-to-5-5-in-2021/
• Ghazanchyan, Siranush. “IMF allows an immediate release of US$280 million for Armenia.” Public Radio of Armenia, May 19, 2020, https://en.armradio.am/2020/05/19/imf-allows-an-immediate-release-of-us280-million-for-armenia/
• Ghazanchyan, Siranush. “Pashinyan tells Putin he won’t be able to attend Victory Parade on June 24.” Public Radio of Armenia, June 19, 2020, https://en.armradio.am/2020/06/19/pashinyan-tells-putin-he-wont-be-able-to-attend-victory-parade-on-june-24/i
• Ghazanchyan, Siranush. “Tsitsernakaberd Memorial to be closed to public on April 24.” Public Radio of Armenia, April 21, 2020, https://en.armradio.am/2020/04/21/tsitsernakaberd-memorial-to-be-closed-to-public-on-april-24/
• Ghazanchyan, Siranush. “Turkish President receives Armenian Patriarch.” Public Radio of Armenia, January 14, 2020, https://en.armradio.am/2020/01/14/turkish-president-receives-armenian-patriarch/
• Grigoryan, Armen. “A Year in Review: Armenian Government Hampered by Path Dependence.” The Jamestown Foundation, February 5, 2020, https://jamestown.org/program/a-year-in-review-armenian-government-hampered-by-path-dependence/
• Gut, Arye. “Glorifying fascism disrespects the memory of the Holocaust.” Israel Hayom, May 16, 2020, https://www.israelhayom.com/opinions/glorifying-fascism-disrespects-the-memory-of-the-holocaust/
• Harutyunyan, Sargis. “Armenian Opposition Party Branded ‘Fifth Column’.” Azatutyun, June 10, 2020, https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30663599.html
• Hergnyan, Seda. “Armenia 2018: 23.5% Live.” Hetq, November 29, 2019, https://hetq.am/en/article/110402
• Kucera, Joshua. “Lavrov stirs the pot in Armenia and Azerbaijan.” Eurasia.net, April 24, 2020, https://eurasianet.org/lavrov-stirs-the-pot-in-armenia-and-azerbaijan
• Manukyan, Karina. “France-Artsakh Friendship Circle Members welcome French President`s proposal.” Arminfo, February 12, 2020, https://arminfo.info/full_news.php?id=49279&lang=3
• Mejlumyan, Ani. “Armenian government moves against opposition figure.” EurasiaNet, June 15, 2020, https://eurasianet.org/armenian-government-moves-against-opposition-figure
• Mgdesyan, Arshaluys. “Armenia and Russia Argue Over Gas Deal.” IWPR, May 26, 2020, https://iwpr.net/global-voices/armenia-and-russia-argue-over-gas-deal
• Mkrtchyan, Marianna. “Macron: No great history is formed on lies, denial and revisionism.” ArmInfo, January 30, 2020, https://arminfo.info/full_news.php?id=48938&lang=3
• Mshetsyan, Ani. “Robert Kocharyan: People have already resolved the Karabakh issue.” Arminfo, February 17, 2020, https://arminfo.info/full_news.php?id=49379&lang=3
• Nalbandian, Naira and Artak Khulian. “Court Rejects Arrest Warrant Request For Armenian Opposition Leader.” Azatutyun, June 21, 2020, https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30682721.html
• Nalbandian, Naira. “Armenian Authorities Deny Bullying High Court Judges.” Azatutyun, January 13, 2020, https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30375105.html
• Orkan, Semra. “Türkiye Ermenileri Patriği Maşalyan'dan 'Ayasofya' açıklaması.” Anadolu Ajansı, 13 Haziran 2020, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/turkiye-ermenileri-patrigi-masalyandan-ayasofya-aciklamasi/1875985
• OSCE Minsk Group. “Joint Statement by the Foreign Ministers of Armenia and Azerbaijan and the Co-Chairs of the OSCE Minsk Group.” OSCE, January 30, 2020, https://www.osce.org/minsk-group/445114
• OSCE Minsk Group. “Joint Statement by the Heads of Delegation of the OSCE Minsk Group Co-Chair countries.” OSCE, December 5, 2019, https://www.osce.org/minsk-group/441242
• Rowley, Thomas. “Armenia ‘under pressure’ from UK and US over mining dispute, says EU report.” Open Democracy, May 5, 2020, https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/odr/armenia-under-pressure-from-uk-and-us-over-mining-dispute-says-eu-report/
• Sahakian, Nane. “Former Armenian Security Chief To Set Up Party.” Azatutyun, February 7, 2020, https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30422495.html
• Upadhyaya, Shishir. “India Wins Defense Deal With Armenia in Bid to Chasten Turkey.” The Diplomat, March 18, 2020, https://thediplomat.com/2020/03/india-wins-defense-deal-with-armenia-in-bid-to-chasten-turkey/
• Weinthal, Benjamin. “Greek PM chides Turkey for genocide against Christians.” The Jerusalem Post, December 8, 2019, https://www.jpost.com/international/greek-pm-chides-turkey-for-genocide-against-christians-610242