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1973-1986 Yılları Arasında Ermeni Terör Örgütlerinin Faaliyet Ve Hedeflerinin Analizi

Year 2023, Issue: 48, 63 - 83, 31.12.2023

Abstract

Geçmişte Ermeni radikalleri tarafından gerçekleştirilen terörizm, kısa vadeli siyasi kazanımlar elde etmek için kullanılan Türk karşıtlığına dayalı düşmanca bir Ermeni milliyetçiliğinin sonucuydu. Ulusötesi Ermeni terör faaliyetleri, bu faaliyetlerin Ermeni teröristlerin tarih boyunca hedef aldıkları belirli ülkeler yerine birden fazla ülke için ciddi bir tehdit haline gelmesiyle zirveye ulaşmıştır. Özellikle Ermeni radikallerin terör örgütleri 20 yıldan kısa bir süre içinde 20 farklı ülkede 300'den fazla terör eylemi gerçekleştirmiştir. Bu örgütler 1973-1986 yılları arasında Türk diplomatların yanı sıra aile üyelerine ve Türk-Ermeni etnik gerilimiyle ilgisi olmayan üçüncü şahıslara yönelik bir dizi suikast gerçekleştiren en tehlikeli ve kötü şöhretli gruplar olarak ün kazanmıştır. Bu akademik rapor, Ermeni terör örgütlerinin 1973-1986 yılları arasındaki şiddet eylemlerinin hedeflerini ve sonuçlarını ana odağına alarak kapsamlı bir analiz sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

References

  • Altınbaş, Deniz. “The ‘Armenian Question’ in European Union Institutions.” Review of Armenian Studies, no. 23 (2011): 147-232.
  • Ben Aharon, Eldad. “Superpower by Invitation: Late Cold War Diplomacy and Leveraging Armenian Terrorism as a Means to Rapprochement in Israeli-Turkish Relations (1980–1987).” Cold War History, July 4, 2018, 1-19.
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  • Crenshaw, Martha. “How Terrorism Declines.” Terrorism and Political Violence 3, no. 1 (March 1991): 69-87.
  • Dugan, Laura, Julie Y. Huang, Gary LaFree, and Clark McCauley. “Sudden Desistance from Terrorism: The Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia and the Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide.” Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict 1, no. 3 (November 2008): 231-49.
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  • Gunn, Christopher. “Intra-or International Violence? The Origins of Armenian Terrorism.” Review of Armenian Studies, no. 25 (2012): 103-16.
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  • Gunter, Michael M. “Armenian Terrorism: A Reappraisal.” Journal of Conflict Studies 27, no. 2 (2007): 109-28.
  • Gunter, Michael M. “Contemporary Armenian Terrorism.” Terrorism 8, no. 3 (January 1986): 213-52.
  • Gunter, Michael M. “Transnational Sources of Support for Armenian Terrorism.” Journal of Conflict Studies 5, no. 4 (1985): 31-52.
  • Gürpınar, Doğan. “The Manufacturing of Denial: The Making of the Turkish ‘Official Thesis’ on the Armenian Genocide between 1974 and 1990.” Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 18, no. 3 (May 3, 2016): 217-40.
  • Hyland, Francis P. Armenian Terrorism: The Past, the Present, the Prospects. United States: Westview Press, 1991.
  • Karaca, Birsen. “Armenian Terror during the Change in the Perception of and Reaction towards Terrorism.” Review of Armenian Studies, no. 31 (2015): 205-21.
  • Kırlıkovalı, Ergün. Armenian Terrorism in America and Turkish-Americans. Interview by Erkan Demirağcı. Tarih ve Günce, June 20, 2018.
  • Kürkçü, Burak. “The Question of State-Sponsored Terrorism: Investigation of ASALA and JCAG in the Light of Available CIA Documents.” Insight Turkey 23, no. 2 (June 10, 2021): 259-80.
  • Kuznetsov, Oleg. The History of Transnational Armenian Terrorism in the Twentieth Century: A Historico-Criminological Study (Pp. 1–328). Berlin: Verlag Dr. Koster, 2016.
  • McCarthy, Justin. “Armenian Terrorism: History as Poison and Antidote.” In International Terrorism and the Drug Connection, 85-94. Ankara: Ankara University Press, 1984.
  • McCauley, Clark. “Group Desistance from Terrorism: A Dynamic Perspective.” Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict 1, no. 3 (November 2008): 269-93.
  • Merari, Ariel. “Terrorism as a Strategy of Insurgency.” Terrorism and Political Violence 5, no. 4 (December 1993): 213-51.
  • Nalbandov, Robert. “Irrational Rationality of Terrorism.” Journal of Strategic Security 6, no. 4 (December 2013): 92-102.
  • Oran, Baskın. “The Reconstruction of Armenian Identity in Turkey and the Weekly Agos.” Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, no. 37 (2006): 123-38.
  • Sayari, Sabri. “Political Violence and Terrorism in Turkey, 1976–80: A Retrospective Analysis.” Terrorism and Political Violence 22, no. 2 (March 9, 2010): 198–215.
  • Wakizaka, Keisuke, and Gökçe Yılmaz. “Interpreting Relations between Armenian Nationalism, Marxism and the Armenian Apostolic Church.” Van Yüzüncü Yıl University the Journal of Social Sciences Institute, no. 55 (2022): 24-39.
  • Wilkinson, Paul. “Armenian Terrorism.” The World Today 39, no. 9 (1983): 344-50.

An Analysis of the Activities and Goals of Armenian Terrorist Organizations between 1973-1986

Year 2023, Issue: 48, 63 - 83, 31.12.2023

Abstract

The terrorism that was perpetrated by Armenian radicals in the past was the result of a hostile Armenian nationalism based upon anti-Turkish sentiment, which was used to attain short-term political gains. Transnational Armenian terrorist activities reached their zenith when these activities turned out to be a grave threat to multiple countries rather than to certain countries that Armenian terrorists had targeted throughout history. Particularly, terrorist organizations of the Armenian radicals carried out more than 300 terrorist acts in 20 different countries in less than 20 years. Between 1973 and 1986, such organizations earned a reputation as the most dangerous and notorious groups carrying out a series of assassinations of Turkish diplomats as well as their family members and third parties not involved in Turkish-Armenian ethnic tensions. This academic report aims to present a comprehensive analysis by taking the goals and results of the violent activities of Armenian terrorist organizations between 1973 and 1986 as its main focus.

References

  • Altınbaş, Deniz. “The ‘Armenian Question’ in European Union Institutions.” Review of Armenian Studies, no. 23 (2011): 147-232.
  • Ben Aharon, Eldad. “Superpower by Invitation: Late Cold War Diplomacy and Leveraging Armenian Terrorism as a Means to Rapprochement in Israeli-Turkish Relations (1980–1987).” Cold War History, July 4, 2018, 1-19.
  • Björklund, Ulf. “Armenia Remembered and Remade: Evolving Issues in a Diaspora.” Ethnos 58, no. 3-4 (January 1993): 335-60.
  • Çağan, Hazel. “Armenian Terrorism and the Turkish Press (1973-1984).” MSc Thesis, Middle East Technical University (METU), 2013.
  • Çaycı, Sadi. “Terrorism and Asymmetric Threat: Activities against Turkey, from the Beginning of the 20th Century to the Present (Armenian Terror Activities and PKK Terror Organization Activities since 1915).” Review of Armenian Studies, no. 18 (2008): 89-99.
  • Crenshaw, Martha. “How Terrorism Declines.” Terrorism and Political Violence 3, no. 1 (March 1991): 69-87.
  • Dugan, Laura, Julie Y. Huang, Gary LaFree, and Clark McCauley. “Sudden Desistance from Terrorism: The Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia and the Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide.” Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict 1, no. 3 (November 2008): 231-49.
  • Feigl, Erich. A Myth of Terror: Armenian Extremism, Its Causes and Its Historical Context. Freilassing: Edition Zeitgeschichte, 1986.
  • Gauin, Maxime. “Remembering the Orly Attack.” Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika 7, no. 27 (2011): 113-39.
  • Gunn, Christopher. “Intra-or International Violence? The Origins of Armenian Terrorism.” Review of Armenian Studies, no. 25 (2012): 103-16.
  • Gunn, Christopher. “Murder & Memory: The Curious & Intertwined Legacies of Two Armenian Assassins.” In Türk-Ermeni Uyușmazlığı Üzerine Ömer Engin Lütem Konferansları 2019, edited by Alev Kılıç, 1–157. Ankara: Terazi Yayıncılık, 2020.
  • Gunn, Christopher. “Secret Armies and Revolutionary Federations: The Rise and Fall of Armenian Political Violence, 1973-1993.” PhD Thesis, Florida State University, 2014.
  • Gunn, Christopher. “The Rise and Fall of ASALA and Armenian Revolutionary Federation Terrorism.” Review of Armenian Studies, no. 31 (2015): 133-51.
  • Gunter, Michael M. Armenian History and the Question of Genocide, First Edition. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
  • Gunter, Michael M. “Armenian Terrorism: A Reappraisal.” Journal of Conflict Studies 27, no. 2 (2007): 109-28.
  • Gunter, Michael M. “Contemporary Armenian Terrorism.” Terrorism 8, no. 3 (January 1986): 213-52.
  • Gunter, Michael M. “Transnational Sources of Support for Armenian Terrorism.” Journal of Conflict Studies 5, no. 4 (1985): 31-52.
  • Gürpınar, Doğan. “The Manufacturing of Denial: The Making of the Turkish ‘Official Thesis’ on the Armenian Genocide between 1974 and 1990.” Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 18, no. 3 (May 3, 2016): 217-40.
  • Hyland, Francis P. Armenian Terrorism: The Past, the Present, the Prospects. United States: Westview Press, 1991.
  • Karaca, Birsen. “Armenian Terror during the Change in the Perception of and Reaction towards Terrorism.” Review of Armenian Studies, no. 31 (2015): 205-21.
  • Kırlıkovalı, Ergün. Armenian Terrorism in America and Turkish-Americans. Interview by Erkan Demirağcı. Tarih ve Günce, June 20, 2018.
  • Kürkçü, Burak. “The Question of State-Sponsored Terrorism: Investigation of ASALA and JCAG in the Light of Available CIA Documents.” Insight Turkey 23, no. 2 (June 10, 2021): 259-80.
  • Kuznetsov, Oleg. The History of Transnational Armenian Terrorism in the Twentieth Century: A Historico-Criminological Study (Pp. 1–328). Berlin: Verlag Dr. Koster, 2016.
  • McCarthy, Justin. “Armenian Terrorism: History as Poison and Antidote.” In International Terrorism and the Drug Connection, 85-94. Ankara: Ankara University Press, 1984.
  • McCauley, Clark. “Group Desistance from Terrorism: A Dynamic Perspective.” Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict 1, no. 3 (November 2008): 269-93.
  • Merari, Ariel. “Terrorism as a Strategy of Insurgency.” Terrorism and Political Violence 5, no. 4 (December 1993): 213-51.
  • Nalbandov, Robert. “Irrational Rationality of Terrorism.” Journal of Strategic Security 6, no. 4 (December 2013): 92-102.
  • Oran, Baskın. “The Reconstruction of Armenian Identity in Turkey and the Weekly Agos.” Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, no. 37 (2006): 123-38.
  • Sayari, Sabri. “Political Violence and Terrorism in Turkey, 1976–80: A Retrospective Analysis.” Terrorism and Political Violence 22, no. 2 (March 9, 2010): 198–215.
  • Wakizaka, Keisuke, and Gökçe Yılmaz. “Interpreting Relations between Armenian Nationalism, Marxism and the Armenian Apostolic Church.” Van Yüzüncü Yıl University the Journal of Social Sciences Institute, no. 55 (2022): 24-39.
  • Wilkinson, Paul. “Armenian Terrorism.” The World Today 39, no. 9 (1983): 344-50.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Political Science (Other), International Relations (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Elterişhan Elçibey 0000-0002-1075-2068

Publication Date December 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 48

Cite

Chicago Elçibey, Elterişhan. “An Analysis of the Activities and Goals of Armenian Terrorist Organizations Between 1973-1986”. Review of Armenian Studies, no. 48 (December 2023): 63-83.