Year 2021,
, 472 - 513, 30.06.2021
Mamdooha Ismail
,
Abdol Khatibi
S. M. Azam
References
- Adams, D., Yoon Mooi, A.N., and Muniandy, V. (2020), Principal leadership preparation towards high-performing school leadership in Malaysia. Asian Education and Development Studies, 9(4), 425-439, https://doi.org/10.1108/AEDS-02-2018-0046
- Amlus, M. H., Abdullah, A. Z., Ibrahim, A., & Mokhtarudin, H. (2014). The Relationship of training on manufacturing capabilities among electrical and electronic manufacturers in Malaysia. Applied Mechanics and Materials (793) 647-651, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.793.663
- Arar, K. (2014). Deputy-principals in Arab schools in Israel: An era of reform. International Journal of Educational Management, 28(1), 96-113.
- Alsaleh, A. (2018). Investigating instructional leadership in Kuwait’s educational reform context: School leaders’ perspectives. School Leadership & Management, DOI: 10.1080/13632434.2018.1467888
- Aturupane, H., & Shojo, M. (2012). Enhancing the quality of education in the Maldives: Challenges and prospects (South Asia Human Development Sector report No. 51). Washington, DC: World Bank. Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/17979
- Awang, Z. (2015). SEM made simple: A gentle approach to learning Structural Equation Modelling. MPWS Rich Publication.
- Baistaman, J., Awang, Z., Afthanorhan, A., & Rahim, M. Z. A. (2020). Developing and validating the measurement model for financial literacy construct using confirmatory factor analysis. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 8(2), 413-422.
- Barnett, B. G. Shoho, A. R., & Oleszewski, A. M. (2012). The job realities of beginning and experienced assistant principals. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 11, 92–128. DOI: 10.1080/15700763.2011.611924
- Bendikson, L., Robinson, V., & Hattie, J. (2012), Principal instructional leadership and secondary school performance. SET: Research Information for Teachers, 1, 2-8.
- Bhengu, T. T., & Mthembu, T. T. (2014). Effective leadership, school culture and school effectiveness: A case study of two ‘sister’schools in Umlazi Township. Journal of Social Sciences, 38(1), 43-52.
- Brauckmann, S., & Pashiardis, P. (2011). A validation study of the leadership styles of a holistic leadership theoretical framework. International Journal of Educational Management, 25(1), 11-32, DOI 10.1108/09513541111100099
- Bridges, E. (1967). Instructional leadership: a concept re-examined. Journal of Educational Administration, 5(2), 136-147.
- Bush, T. (2015). Understanding instructional leadership. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 43(4), 487–489, DOI: 10.1177/1741143215577035
- Bush, T., & Glover, D. 2003. School leadership: Concepts and evidence. Nottingham: National College for School Leadership.
- Calabrese, R.L. (1991). Effective assistant principals: What do they do? NASSP Bulletin, 75(533), 51-7.
- Celikten, M. (2001). The instructional leadership tasks of high school assistant principals. Journal of Educational Administration, 39(1), 67-76.
- Cobanoglu, F., & Yurek, U. (2018). School administrators’ self-efficacy beliefs and leadership styles. European Journal of Educational Research, 7(3), 555 – 565.
- Cohen, R., & Schechter, C. (2019). Becoming an assistant principal: Mapping factors that facilitate or hinder entering the role. International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, 14(1), 99-112.
- Coleman, J. S., Campbell, E., Hobson, C., McPartland, J., Mood, A., Weinfield, F., & York, R. (1966). Equality of educational opportunity. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
- Cranston, N., Tromans, C., & Reugebrink, M. (2004). Forgotten leaders: What do we know about the deputy principalship in secondary schools? International Journal of Leadership in Education, 7, 225-242.
- Creswell, J. W. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Los Angeles: SAGE.
- Day, C., & Sammons, P. (2013). Successful leadership: a review of the international literature. CfBT Trust, University of Nottingham, University of Oxford.
- Edmonds, R. (1986). Characteristics of effective schools. In U. Neisser (Ed.), The school achievement of minority children: New perspectives (pp. 93-104). Hillside, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Farooq, R., & Vij, S. (2017). Moderating variables in business research. IUP Journal of Business Strategy, 14(4), 34-54.
- Firestone, W. A., & Herriott, R. E. (1982). Prescriptions for effective elementary schools don't fit secondary schools. Educational Leadership, 40, 51-53.
- Firestone, W. A., Herriott, R. E., & Wilson, B. L. (1984). Explaining differences between elementary and secondary schools: Individual, organizational, and institutional perspectives. Philadelphia, PA: Research for Better Schools.
- Gaziel, H. H. (2007). Re-Examining the relationship between principal’s instructional/educational leadership and student achievement. Journal of Social Sciences, 15(1), 17-24, DOI: 10.1080/09718923.2007.11892557
- Gedik, S., & Bellibas, M. S. (2015). Examining schools’ distributed instructional leadership capacity: Comparison of elementary and secondary schools. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 3(6), 101-110.
- Ghavifekr, S., Radwan, O., & Velarde, J. M. (2019). Teachers’ perceptions of principals’ instructional leadership roles and practices. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia, 44(2), 72-83.
- Ghani, M. F. A. (2014). Development of effective school model for Malaysian school. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 19 (10) 1334-1346,DOI: 10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2014.19.10.11483
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis. United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited.
- Hallinger, P. (2005). Instructional leadership and the school principal: A passing fancy that refuses to fade away, Leadership and Policy in Schools, 4(3), 221-239, DOI: 10.1080/15700760500244793
- Hallinger, P. (2012). A data-driven approach to assess and develop instructional leadership with the PIMRS. In J. Shen (Ed.), Tools for improving principals' work (pp. 47-69). New York, NY: Peter Lang Publishing
- Hallinger, P., & Murphy, J. (1985). Assessing the instructional management behavior of principals. Elementary School Journal, 86, 217-247.
- Hallinger, P., & Heck, R. (1996). Reassessing the principal’s role in school effectiveness: A review of empirical research, 1980-1995. Educational Administration Quarterly, 32(1), 5–44.
- Hallinger, P., Wang, W.C., & Chen, C.W. (2013). Assessing the measurement properties of the Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale: A meta-analysis of reliability studies. Educational Administration Quarterly, 49(2), 272-309.
- Harvey, M. J. (1994). The deputy principalship: Retrospect and prospect, International Journal of Educational Management, 8(3), 15-25.
- Hassan, R., Ahmed, A., & Boon, Y. (2018). Instructional leadership in Malaysia. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3.30), 424-432.
- Heck, R. H. (1992). Principals’ instructional leadership and school performance: Implications for policy development. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 14(1), 21-34.
- Herman, E. F. (2017). The Presence of Correlates of Effective Schools in Select Minnesota Charter Schools with Longevity. Culminating Projects in Education Administration and Leadership. 38, retrieved from http://repository.stcloudstate.edu/edad_etds/38
- Hesbol, K. (2019). Principal self-efficacy and learning organizations: influencing school improvement. International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, 14, 33-51.
- Leaf, A., & Odhiambo, G (2017). The deputy principal instructional leadership role and professional learning: Perceptions of secondary principals, deputies and teachers. Journal of Educational Administration, 55(1), 33-48.
- Leithwood, K., & Sun, J. (2018). Academic culture: a promising mediator of school leaders’ influence on student learning. Journal of Educational Administration, 56 (3), 350-363, DOI 10.1108/JEA-01-2017-0009
- Lezotte, L. (1991). Correlates of effective schools: The first and second generation. Okemos, MI: Effective Schools Products, Ltd.
- Lezotte, L. W., & Snyder, K. M. (2011). What effective schools do: Re-envisioning the correlates. Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree.
- Magulod Jr., G. C. (2017). Factors of school effectiveness and performance of selected public and private elementary schools: Implications on educational planning in the Philippines. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 5(1), 73-8.
- Ministry of Education & Ministry of Higher Education (2019). Maldives Education Sector Plan 2019-2023. Retrieved from https://www.globalpartnership.org/content/education-sector-plan-2019-2023-maldives
- Mortimore, P. (1991). School effectiveness research: Which way at the crossroads? School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 2(3), 213 – 229.
- Mortimore, P. (1993). School effectiveness and the management of effective learning and teaching. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 4(4), 290-310.
- Naicker, I., Chikoko, V., & Mthiyane, E. M. (2013), Instructional leadership practices in challenging school contexts. Education As Change, 17(1), 137–150.
- Namazi, M., & Namazi, N. (2016). Conceptual analysis of moderator and mediator variables in business research. Procedia Economics and Finance, 36(1), 540-554.
- Nguyen, H. T., Hallinger, P., Chen, C. W. (2018). Assessing and strengthening instructional leadership among primary school principals in Vietnam. International Journal of Educational Management, 32(3), 396-415, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-02-2017-0046
- Pallant, J. (2016). SPSS Survival Manual: A Step By Step Guide to Data Analysis Using SPSS Program (6th ed.). London, UK: McGraw-Hill Education.
- Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research Methods for Business (7th ed.). John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Si-Rajab, S., Madya, & Musa, K. (2019). The Level of Instructional Leadership Practices Among Principals of National Religious Secondary School in Malaysia. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 7(03), 927-939. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v7i3.el03
- Sisman, M. (2016). Factors related to instructional leadership perception and effect of instructional leadership on organizational variables: A meta-analysis. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 16, 1761-1787. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2016.5.0172
- Talebloo, B., Basri, R., Hassan, A., & Asimiran, S. (2017). The Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Overall School Effectiveness in Primary Schools, Selangor, Malaysia Based on Teachers Perception. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(4), 530-649, DOI: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i14/3694
- Trujillo, T. (2013). The reincarnation of the effective schools research: Rethinking the literature on district effectiveness. Journal of Educational Administration, 51(4), 426–452. doi:10.1108/09578231311325640
- Weiss, N. A. (2012). Introductory Statistics. 9th ed. New York: Addison-Wesley.
- Wildy, H., & Dimmock, C. (1993). Instructional leadership in primary and secondary schools in Western Australia. The Journal of Educational Administration, 31(2), 43–62.
- Yamada, S., Fujikawa, K., & Pangeni, K. P. (2015). Islanders’ education choice: Determinants of the students’ performance in the Cambridge International Certificate Exams in the Republic of Maldives. International Journal Educational Development, 41, 60 – 69.
The Moderating Role of School Level in the Relationship between Deputy Principal’s Instructional Leadership and School Effectiveness in Government Schools in Maldives
Year 2021,
, 472 - 513, 30.06.2021
Mamdooha Ismail
,
Abdol Khatibi
S. M. Azam
Abstract
The quality of education at all school levels is a major concern in Maldivian education system. Previous literature posit that effective leadership is critical for the realization of school goals. As such, instructional leadership is claimed to contribute to the teaching and learning process of the school. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effects of deputy principal’s instructional leadership on school effectiveness in government schools in Male’, the capital city of Maldives. It also aims to analyze the moderating effect of school level on the relationship between instructional leadership and school effectiveness. A quantitative research approach is selected for this study. The data was collected using a survey questionnaire. The sample consisted of 359 teachers working in the governments schools of the capital city, Male’, who were selected through stratified random sampling. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data using SPSS and AMOS Version 25.0. The findings revealed that deputy principal’s instructional leadership has a direct and positive relationship with school effectiveness. Moreover, school level moderates the relationship between deputy principal’s instructional leadership practices and school effectiveness. In sum, the study validates that deputy principal’s instructional leadership has direct and positive effects on school effectiveness and adds value to the understanding of school level as a moderating variable within the school context.
References
- Adams, D., Yoon Mooi, A.N., and Muniandy, V. (2020), Principal leadership preparation towards high-performing school leadership in Malaysia. Asian Education and Development Studies, 9(4), 425-439, https://doi.org/10.1108/AEDS-02-2018-0046
- Amlus, M. H., Abdullah, A. Z., Ibrahim, A., & Mokhtarudin, H. (2014). The Relationship of training on manufacturing capabilities among electrical and electronic manufacturers in Malaysia. Applied Mechanics and Materials (793) 647-651, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.793.663
- Arar, K. (2014). Deputy-principals in Arab schools in Israel: An era of reform. International Journal of Educational Management, 28(1), 96-113.
- Alsaleh, A. (2018). Investigating instructional leadership in Kuwait’s educational reform context: School leaders’ perspectives. School Leadership & Management, DOI: 10.1080/13632434.2018.1467888
- Aturupane, H., & Shojo, M. (2012). Enhancing the quality of education in the Maldives: Challenges and prospects (South Asia Human Development Sector report No. 51). Washington, DC: World Bank. Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/17979
- Awang, Z. (2015). SEM made simple: A gentle approach to learning Structural Equation Modelling. MPWS Rich Publication.
- Baistaman, J., Awang, Z., Afthanorhan, A., & Rahim, M. Z. A. (2020). Developing and validating the measurement model for financial literacy construct using confirmatory factor analysis. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 8(2), 413-422.
- Barnett, B. G. Shoho, A. R., & Oleszewski, A. M. (2012). The job realities of beginning and experienced assistant principals. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 11, 92–128. DOI: 10.1080/15700763.2011.611924
- Bendikson, L., Robinson, V., & Hattie, J. (2012), Principal instructional leadership and secondary school performance. SET: Research Information for Teachers, 1, 2-8.
- Bhengu, T. T., & Mthembu, T. T. (2014). Effective leadership, school culture and school effectiveness: A case study of two ‘sister’schools in Umlazi Township. Journal of Social Sciences, 38(1), 43-52.
- Brauckmann, S., & Pashiardis, P. (2011). A validation study of the leadership styles of a holistic leadership theoretical framework. International Journal of Educational Management, 25(1), 11-32, DOI 10.1108/09513541111100099
- Bridges, E. (1967). Instructional leadership: a concept re-examined. Journal of Educational Administration, 5(2), 136-147.
- Bush, T. (2015). Understanding instructional leadership. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 43(4), 487–489, DOI: 10.1177/1741143215577035
- Bush, T., & Glover, D. 2003. School leadership: Concepts and evidence. Nottingham: National College for School Leadership.
- Calabrese, R.L. (1991). Effective assistant principals: What do they do? NASSP Bulletin, 75(533), 51-7.
- Celikten, M. (2001). The instructional leadership tasks of high school assistant principals. Journal of Educational Administration, 39(1), 67-76.
- Cobanoglu, F., & Yurek, U. (2018). School administrators’ self-efficacy beliefs and leadership styles. European Journal of Educational Research, 7(3), 555 – 565.
- Cohen, R., & Schechter, C. (2019). Becoming an assistant principal: Mapping factors that facilitate or hinder entering the role. International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, 14(1), 99-112.
- Coleman, J. S., Campbell, E., Hobson, C., McPartland, J., Mood, A., Weinfield, F., & York, R. (1966). Equality of educational opportunity. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
- Cranston, N., Tromans, C., & Reugebrink, M. (2004). Forgotten leaders: What do we know about the deputy principalship in secondary schools? International Journal of Leadership in Education, 7, 225-242.
- Creswell, J. W. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Los Angeles: SAGE.
- Day, C., & Sammons, P. (2013). Successful leadership: a review of the international literature. CfBT Trust, University of Nottingham, University of Oxford.
- Edmonds, R. (1986). Characteristics of effective schools. In U. Neisser (Ed.), The school achievement of minority children: New perspectives (pp. 93-104). Hillside, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Farooq, R., & Vij, S. (2017). Moderating variables in business research. IUP Journal of Business Strategy, 14(4), 34-54.
- Firestone, W. A., & Herriott, R. E. (1982). Prescriptions for effective elementary schools don't fit secondary schools. Educational Leadership, 40, 51-53.
- Firestone, W. A., Herriott, R. E., & Wilson, B. L. (1984). Explaining differences between elementary and secondary schools: Individual, organizational, and institutional perspectives. Philadelphia, PA: Research for Better Schools.
- Gaziel, H. H. (2007). Re-Examining the relationship between principal’s instructional/educational leadership and student achievement. Journal of Social Sciences, 15(1), 17-24, DOI: 10.1080/09718923.2007.11892557
- Gedik, S., & Bellibas, M. S. (2015). Examining schools’ distributed instructional leadership capacity: Comparison of elementary and secondary schools. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 3(6), 101-110.
- Ghavifekr, S., Radwan, O., & Velarde, J. M. (2019). Teachers’ perceptions of principals’ instructional leadership roles and practices. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia, 44(2), 72-83.
- Ghani, M. F. A. (2014). Development of effective school model for Malaysian school. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 19 (10) 1334-1346,DOI: 10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2014.19.10.11483
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis. United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited.
- Hallinger, P. (2005). Instructional leadership and the school principal: A passing fancy that refuses to fade away, Leadership and Policy in Schools, 4(3), 221-239, DOI: 10.1080/15700760500244793
- Hallinger, P. (2012). A data-driven approach to assess and develop instructional leadership with the PIMRS. In J. Shen (Ed.), Tools for improving principals' work (pp. 47-69). New York, NY: Peter Lang Publishing
- Hallinger, P., & Murphy, J. (1985). Assessing the instructional management behavior of principals. Elementary School Journal, 86, 217-247.
- Hallinger, P., & Heck, R. (1996). Reassessing the principal’s role in school effectiveness: A review of empirical research, 1980-1995. Educational Administration Quarterly, 32(1), 5–44.
- Hallinger, P., Wang, W.C., & Chen, C.W. (2013). Assessing the measurement properties of the Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale: A meta-analysis of reliability studies. Educational Administration Quarterly, 49(2), 272-309.
- Harvey, M. J. (1994). The deputy principalship: Retrospect and prospect, International Journal of Educational Management, 8(3), 15-25.
- Hassan, R., Ahmed, A., & Boon, Y. (2018). Instructional leadership in Malaysia. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3.30), 424-432.
- Heck, R. H. (1992). Principals’ instructional leadership and school performance: Implications for policy development. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 14(1), 21-34.
- Herman, E. F. (2017). The Presence of Correlates of Effective Schools in Select Minnesota Charter Schools with Longevity. Culminating Projects in Education Administration and Leadership. 38, retrieved from http://repository.stcloudstate.edu/edad_etds/38
- Hesbol, K. (2019). Principal self-efficacy and learning organizations: influencing school improvement. International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, 14, 33-51.
- Leaf, A., & Odhiambo, G (2017). The deputy principal instructional leadership role and professional learning: Perceptions of secondary principals, deputies and teachers. Journal of Educational Administration, 55(1), 33-48.
- Leithwood, K., & Sun, J. (2018). Academic culture: a promising mediator of school leaders’ influence on student learning. Journal of Educational Administration, 56 (3), 350-363, DOI 10.1108/JEA-01-2017-0009
- Lezotte, L. (1991). Correlates of effective schools: The first and second generation. Okemos, MI: Effective Schools Products, Ltd.
- Lezotte, L. W., & Snyder, K. M. (2011). What effective schools do: Re-envisioning the correlates. Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree.
- Magulod Jr., G. C. (2017). Factors of school effectiveness and performance of selected public and private elementary schools: Implications on educational planning in the Philippines. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 5(1), 73-8.
- Ministry of Education & Ministry of Higher Education (2019). Maldives Education Sector Plan 2019-2023. Retrieved from https://www.globalpartnership.org/content/education-sector-plan-2019-2023-maldives
- Mortimore, P. (1991). School effectiveness research: Which way at the crossroads? School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 2(3), 213 – 229.
- Mortimore, P. (1993). School effectiveness and the management of effective learning and teaching. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 4(4), 290-310.
- Naicker, I., Chikoko, V., & Mthiyane, E. M. (2013), Instructional leadership practices in challenging school contexts. Education As Change, 17(1), 137–150.
- Namazi, M., & Namazi, N. (2016). Conceptual analysis of moderator and mediator variables in business research. Procedia Economics and Finance, 36(1), 540-554.
- Nguyen, H. T., Hallinger, P., Chen, C. W. (2018). Assessing and strengthening instructional leadership among primary school principals in Vietnam. International Journal of Educational Management, 32(3), 396-415, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-02-2017-0046
- Pallant, J. (2016). SPSS Survival Manual: A Step By Step Guide to Data Analysis Using SPSS Program (6th ed.). London, UK: McGraw-Hill Education.
- Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research Methods for Business (7th ed.). John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Si-Rajab, S., Madya, & Musa, K. (2019). The Level of Instructional Leadership Practices Among Principals of National Religious Secondary School in Malaysia. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 7(03), 927-939. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v7i3.el03
- Sisman, M. (2016). Factors related to instructional leadership perception and effect of instructional leadership on organizational variables: A meta-analysis. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 16, 1761-1787. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2016.5.0172
- Talebloo, B., Basri, R., Hassan, A., & Asimiran, S. (2017). The Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Overall School Effectiveness in Primary Schools, Selangor, Malaysia Based on Teachers Perception. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(4), 530-649, DOI: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i14/3694
- Trujillo, T. (2013). The reincarnation of the effective schools research: Rethinking the literature on district effectiveness. Journal of Educational Administration, 51(4), 426–452. doi:10.1108/09578231311325640
- Weiss, N. A. (2012). Introductory Statistics. 9th ed. New York: Addison-Wesley.
- Wildy, H., & Dimmock, C. (1993). Instructional leadership in primary and secondary schools in Western Australia. The Journal of Educational Administration, 31(2), 43–62.
- Yamada, S., Fujikawa, K., & Pangeni, K. P. (2015). Islanders’ education choice: Determinants of the students’ performance in the Cambridge International Certificate Exams in the Republic of Maldives. International Journal Educational Development, 41, 60 – 69.