Öz
The aim of this study is to compare European Union (EU) and Turkey in terms of innovation performance and to determine similar and dissimilar countries. To compare EU countries and Turkey, multidimensional scaling analysis and cluster analysis are employed. In this study, innovation performance of the countries is measured by basic indicators such as number of patents, trademarks, industrial designs and R&D density, R&D personnel and innovation scores of the countries. Findings obtained from analyses support each other and according to results it has been seen that Turkey is in the same performance group with countries that are called as Modest Innovators. The performance of the Modest Innovators is well below that of EU27 and they belong to upper-middle income level.
Kaynakça
- Aras G., Tezcan N., Furtuna Ö. K., Aybars A. (2014), Firmaların Ar-Ge Ve İnovasyon Performansının Stratejik
- Analizi, İTO Yayın No:2014-10
- Bremmer, J., Oude Lansink, A. G. J. M. and Huirne, R.B.M. (2008), “The impact of innovation, firm growth and perceptions on technical and scale efficiency’, Agricultural Economics Review, Vol.9, No.2, p.65-85
- Crescenzi, R., Rodríguez-Pose, A. and Storper, M. (2007) The Territorial Dynamics of Innovation: A Europe-United
- States Comparative analysis, Journal of Economic, Geography, 7 (6). p. 673-709. ISSN 1468-2702
- Bülbül, S., Köse, A. (2010), “Türkiye’de Bölgelerarası İç Göç Hareketlerinin Çok Boyutlu Ölçekleme Yöntemi ile İncelenmesi”, İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt:39, Sayı:1, İstanbul, p.75-94
- Coad, A. and Rao, R. (2006), “Innovation and Market Value: A quantile regression analysis”, Economics Bulletin, Vol.5, No.3, p.1-10
- Diaz-Balteiro, L., Herruzo, A. C., Martinez, M. and Gonzales-Pachon, J. (2006), “An analysis of productive efficiency and innovation activity using DEA: An application to Spain’s wood-based industry”, Forest Policy and Economics, Vol. 8, p. 762-773.
- EU, (2014), Innovation Union Scoreboard 2013
- EU, (2013), Innovation Union Scoreboard 2012
- Feeny, S., Rogers, M. (2001), “Innovation and performance: Benchmarking Australian firms”, Melbourne
- Institude Working Paper, No. 7/01, ISSN 1328-4991.
- Garson, G.D. (2014), Cluster Analysis, Statistical Associates Blue Book Series.
- Griliches, Z. (1980), “Returns to research and development expenditures in the private sector” In. Kendrick, J.
- Vaccara, B. (Eds.), New developments in productivity measurement and analysis, conference on research in income and wealth, Vol. 44, Chicago University Press for the National Bureau of Economic Research, Chicago, p. 419-461
- Griliches, Z. Mairesse, J. (1984), “Productivity and R&D at the firm level”, In: Griliches, Z. (Ed.), R&D, Patents and Productivity. Chicago University Press for the National Bureau of Economic Research, Chicago, p. 339-374
- Guan, J. C., Yam, R. C. M., Mok C. K. and Ma, N. (2006), “A Study of the relationship between competitiveness and technological innovation capability based on DEA models”, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 170, p. 971-986.
- Hair J.F., Black W.C., Babin B.J., Anderson R.E., Tatham R.L. (2006), Multivariate Data Analysis, Sixth Edition
- Hall, B. H. (1999), “Innovation and Market Value”, Working Paper Series 6984, National Bureau of Economic Research
- Kalaycı Ş, Albayrak A.Ş., Eroğlu A., Küçüksille E., Ak B., Karaatlı M., Keskin H. Ü., Çiçek E.U., Kayış A., Antalyalı Ö.L., Uçar N., Demirgil H., İşler D.B., Sungur O. (2008), SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri, Asil Yayın Dağıtım, İstanbul
- OECD (2005), Oslo Manuel, Guidelines For Collecting And Interpreting Innovation Data, Third Edition, Çeviri: TÜBİTAK, http://www.tubitak.gov.tr/tubitak_content_files/BTYPD/kilavuzlar/Oslo_3_TR.pdf “Yenilik Verilerinin Toplanması ve Yorumlanması İçin İlkeler”
- Orhunbilge N. (2010), Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Yöntemler, İstanbul, İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayın No: 4942
- Tatlidil H. (1996), Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistiksel Analiz, Ankara
- T.C. AB Bakanlığı (2015), Türkiye-AB İlişkileri http://www.ab.gov.tr/index.php?p=
- T.C. Kalkınma Bakanlığı (2013), Onuncu Kalkınma Planı (2014-2018) http://www.kalkinma.gov.tr/Lists/Kalknma%20Planlar/Attachments/12/Onuncu_Kalkınma_Planı.pdf
- TPE (2015), İstatistikler http://www.tpe.gov.tr/TurkPatentEnstitusu/statistics/
- TÜİK (2015), “Ar-Ge Faaliyetleri İstatistikleri”
- WIPO (2015), Statistical Country Profiles, http://www.wipo.int/ipstats/en/statistics/country_profile/profile.jsp?code=AT
- WIPO & INSEAD (2014), The Global Innovation Index 2014
- World Bank (2014), World Development Indicators http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/variableSelection/selectvariables.aspx?source=world-development- indicators#s_c EKLER
Öz
Bu çalışmanın amacı, inovasyon performansı açısından Avrupa Birliği (AB) ile Türkiye’yi karşılaştırmak ve benzer ve farklı ülkeleri belirlemektir. AB ülkelerini ve Türkiye’yi karşılaştırmak için Çok Boyutlu Ölçekleme Analizi ve Kümeleme Analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada, ülkelerin inovasyon performansı; patent, ticari marka, endüstriyel tasarım ve Ar-Ge yoğunluğu, Ar-Ge personeli ve AB inovasyon puanı gibi temel göstergelerle ölçülmüştür. Analiz sonucunda elde edilen bulgular birbirini desteklemektedir ve sonuçlara göre Türkiye’nin İddiasız Yenilikçiler adı verilen ülkeler ile aynı grupta olduğu görülmektedir. Bu grup AB27 ortalamasının oldukça altında kalan ve üst orta gelir seviyesine sahip olan ülkelerdir
Kaynakça
- Aras G., Tezcan N., Furtuna Ö. K., Aybars A. (2014), Firmaların Ar-Ge Ve İnovasyon Performansının Stratejik
- Analizi, İTO Yayın No:2014-10
- Bremmer, J., Oude Lansink, A. G. J. M. and Huirne, R.B.M. (2008), “The impact of innovation, firm growth and perceptions on technical and scale efficiency’, Agricultural Economics Review, Vol.9, No.2, p.65-85
- Crescenzi, R., Rodríguez-Pose, A. and Storper, M. (2007) The Territorial Dynamics of Innovation: A Europe-United
- States Comparative analysis, Journal of Economic, Geography, 7 (6). p. 673-709. ISSN 1468-2702
- Bülbül, S., Köse, A. (2010), “Türkiye’de Bölgelerarası İç Göç Hareketlerinin Çok Boyutlu Ölçekleme Yöntemi ile İncelenmesi”, İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt:39, Sayı:1, İstanbul, p.75-94
- Coad, A. and Rao, R. (2006), “Innovation and Market Value: A quantile regression analysis”, Economics Bulletin, Vol.5, No.3, p.1-10
- Diaz-Balteiro, L., Herruzo, A. C., Martinez, M. and Gonzales-Pachon, J. (2006), “An analysis of productive efficiency and innovation activity using DEA: An application to Spain’s wood-based industry”, Forest Policy and Economics, Vol. 8, p. 762-773.
- EU, (2014), Innovation Union Scoreboard 2013
- EU, (2013), Innovation Union Scoreboard 2012
- Feeny, S., Rogers, M. (2001), “Innovation and performance: Benchmarking Australian firms”, Melbourne
- Institude Working Paper, No. 7/01, ISSN 1328-4991.
- Garson, G.D. (2014), Cluster Analysis, Statistical Associates Blue Book Series.
- Griliches, Z. (1980), “Returns to research and development expenditures in the private sector” In. Kendrick, J.
- Vaccara, B. (Eds.), New developments in productivity measurement and analysis, conference on research in income and wealth, Vol. 44, Chicago University Press for the National Bureau of Economic Research, Chicago, p. 419-461
- Griliches, Z. Mairesse, J. (1984), “Productivity and R&D at the firm level”, In: Griliches, Z. (Ed.), R&D, Patents and Productivity. Chicago University Press for the National Bureau of Economic Research, Chicago, p. 339-374
- Guan, J. C., Yam, R. C. M., Mok C. K. and Ma, N. (2006), “A Study of the relationship between competitiveness and technological innovation capability based on DEA models”, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 170, p. 971-986.
- Hair J.F., Black W.C., Babin B.J., Anderson R.E., Tatham R.L. (2006), Multivariate Data Analysis, Sixth Edition
- Hall, B. H. (1999), “Innovation and Market Value”, Working Paper Series 6984, National Bureau of Economic Research
- Kalaycı Ş, Albayrak A.Ş., Eroğlu A., Küçüksille E., Ak B., Karaatlı M., Keskin H. Ü., Çiçek E.U., Kayış A., Antalyalı Ö.L., Uçar N., Demirgil H., İşler D.B., Sungur O. (2008), SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri, Asil Yayın Dağıtım, İstanbul
- OECD (2005), Oslo Manuel, Guidelines For Collecting And Interpreting Innovation Data, Third Edition, Çeviri: TÜBİTAK, http://www.tubitak.gov.tr/tubitak_content_files/BTYPD/kilavuzlar/Oslo_3_TR.pdf “Yenilik Verilerinin Toplanması ve Yorumlanması İçin İlkeler”
- Orhunbilge N. (2010), Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Yöntemler, İstanbul, İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayın No: 4942
- Tatlidil H. (1996), Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistiksel Analiz, Ankara
- T.C. AB Bakanlığı (2015), Türkiye-AB İlişkileri http://www.ab.gov.tr/index.php?p=
- T.C. Kalkınma Bakanlığı (2013), Onuncu Kalkınma Planı (2014-2018) http://www.kalkinma.gov.tr/Lists/Kalknma%20Planlar/Attachments/12/Onuncu_Kalkınma_Planı.pdf
- TPE (2015), İstatistikler http://www.tpe.gov.tr/TurkPatentEnstitusu/statistics/
- TÜİK (2015), “Ar-Ge Faaliyetleri İstatistikleri”
- WIPO (2015), Statistical Country Profiles, http://www.wipo.int/ipstats/en/statistics/country_profile/profile.jsp?code=AT
- WIPO & INSEAD (2014), The Global Innovation Index 2014
- World Bank (2014), World Development Indicators http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/variableSelection/selectvariables.aspx?source=world-development- indicators#s_c EKLER
Ayrıntılar
| Bölüm | Articles |
|---|---|
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 29 Haziran 2015 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2015 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2 |
Kaynak Göster
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