General Aspect of the Assessment and Management of the Poisonous Mushrooms in Turkiye

Abstract

Patients who exposed with poisonous mushrooms may apply to emergency services with a serious clinical conditions ranging from simple gastrointestinal complaints to liver failure. The clinical findings of mushroom poisoning differ according to the toxin of the mushroom species consumed. Poisonings are typically classified as acute onset (<6 hour), late onset (6-24 hours) and delayed onset (>1 day) toxicity. Acute onset mushroom poisonings occure within 6 hours after consuming the mushroom and cause cholinergic toxicity, gastrontestinal findings, disulfiram like reaction, seizures and hallucinations. Late onset mushroom poisonings occure within 6-24 hours with the hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and erythromelalgia. Delayed onset mushroom poisonings occure after 1 day of consuming mushroom with nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and rhabdomyolysis. While the prognosis is good in case of early onset of symptoms in mushroom poisoning, the prognosis is poor in case of late onset of symptoms. Most mushroom poisonings that cause gastrointestinal symptoms improve with adequate supportive treatment. Hepatotoxic mushrooms containing cyclopeptide are largely responsible for deaths due to mushroom poisonings. In all cases, basic laboratory evaluation and symptomatic supportive treatment approach are required. There are no antidotes with proven efficacy in the treatment of mushroom poisoning. Specific treatment approaches should be applied according to mushrom species.

Keywords

• Mushroom poisoning
• Acute onset
• Late onset
• Delayed onset
• Treatment

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