Covid-19 ve 6 Şubat Depremleri Sonrası: Küresel Sağlık Krizlerinin Adölesan Ruh Sağlığı ve Sosyal İlişkiler Üzerindeki Etkileri

Abstract

Amaç: Küresel sağlık krizlerinin adölesanların ruh sağlığı ile olan ilişkilerini belirlemek ve sosyal ilişkilerindeki değişimlerini incele meyi amaçlamaktayız. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kesitsel türde yürütülen bu araştırma, geç dönem adölesanlarla 01 Kasım-15 Aralık 2024 tarihleri arasında elektronik ortamda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler, Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, Sosyal İlişkiler Ölçeği (SİÖ) ve Pozitif Mental Sağlığı Ölçeği (PMSÖ) kullanılarak 10-15 dakikada toplanmış ve gönüllülük esasına daya narak sosyal medya gruplarına gönderilen anketlerle toplanmıştır. Veri analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, Pearson korelasyon analizi, bağımsız t-testi ve ANOVA testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Küresel sağlık krizleri, özellikle COVID-19 pandemisi ve 6 Şubat depremleri, ergenlerin ruh sağlığı ve sosyal ilişkilerinde değişimlerle ilişkilendirilmiştir (p<0.05). Bu krizler, kaygı, korku ve diğer ruh sağlığı sorunlarıyla ilişkili bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Ayrıca, demografik faktörler (cinsiyet, aile yapısı, aile içi iletişim ve aile geliri gibi) ergenlerin psikolojik ve sosyal gelişiminde uzun vadede daha belirgin değişimlerle ilişkilendirilmiştir (p<0.05). Sonuç: Hemşireler, ergenlerin ruhsal sağlıklarını izleyip erken destek sunmalı, ailelere eğitim vererek stres yönetimi ve ebeveyn lik becerilerini güçlendirmeli, sosyal destek ağlarıyla bağlantı kurarak destek sağlamalı ve kriz sonrası toplumsal farkındalık oluşturmalıdır.

Keywords

• Adölesan
• Ruh Sağlığı
• Küresel Sağlık
• Ergen Psikolojisi
• Depremler
• COVID-19

After Covid-19 and the February 6 Earthquakes: The Impact of Global Health Crises on Adolescent Mental Health and Social Relationships

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between global health crises and adolescent mental health and to examine changes in their social relationships. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with late adolescents between November 1 and December 15, 2024, in an online environment. Data were collected in 10-15 minutes using a Demographic Information Form, Social Relationships Scale (SRS), and Positive Mental Health Scale (PMHS), and were distributed to social media groups based on voluntary participation. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, independent t-tests, and ANOVA tests were used for data analysis. Results: Global health crises, particularly the COVID-19 pandemic and the February 6 earthquakes, were associated with changes in adolescents’ mental health and social relationships (p<0.05). These crises have been found to be associated with increased levels of anxiety, fear, and other mental health issues (p<0.05). Ad ditionally, demographic factors (such as gender, family structure, family communication, and family income) have been associated with more pronounced changes in adolescents’ psychological and social development over the long term (p<0.05). Conclusion: Nurses should monitor adolescents’ mental health and provide early support, educate families to strengthen stress management and parenting skills, establish connections with social support networks, and raise public awareness about the long-term impacts of crises.

Keywords

• Adolescence
• Mental Health
• Global Health
• Adolescent Psychology
• Earthquakes
• COVID-19

Ethical Statement

Before starting the research, necessary permissions were obtained for the scales used, and ethical approval was granted by the Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Social and Humanities Ethics Committee. Additionally, written consent was obtained from both the adolescents' parents and the adolescents themselves.

References

1. Loades ME, Chatburn E, Higson-Sweeney N, Reynolds S, Shafran R, Brigden A, et al. Rapid Systematic Review: The Impact of Social Isolation and Loneliness on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents in the Context of COVID-19. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020;59(11):1218-1239.e3. google scholar
2. Singh S, Roy D, Sinha K, Parveen S, Sharma G, Joshi G. Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations. Psychiatry Res 2020;293:113429. google scholar
3. Theberath M, Bauer D, Chen W, Salinas M, Mohabbat AB, Yang J, et al. Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of children and adolescents: A systematic review of survey studies. SAGE Open Med 2022;10. google scholar
4. Hojeij M, El Khatib D, Salameh P. Assessing the Effects of the 2023 Turkish Earthquakes on Mental Health in Lebanon: A Cross-sectional Study. International Journal of Clinical Research 2024;4(1):28-35. google scholar
5. Luyckx K, Vanderhaegen J, Raemen L, Claes L. Identity formation in adolescence and emerging adulthood: a process-oriented and applied perspective. Eur J Develop Psychol 2023;1-20. google scholar
6. Cherewick M, Lebu S, Su C, Richards L, Njau PF, Dahl RE. Promoting gender equity in very young adolescents: targeting a window of opportunity for social emotional learning and identity development. BMC Public Health 2021;21(1):2299. google scholar
7. Civelek E. Adolesan Dönemi ve Özkıyım Girişimi. Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease 2019;1. google scholar
8. Bonardi O, Wang Y, Li K, Jiang X, Krishnan A, He C, et al. Effects of COVID-19 Mental Health Interventions Among Children, Adolescents, and Adults Not Quarantined or Undergoing Treatment Due to COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials. Canadian J Psychiatr 2022;67(5):336-50. google scholar

9. Efendi GY, Temeltürk RD, Çakmak IB, Dinçer M. Surviving the Immediate Aftermath of a Disaster: A Preliminary Investigation of Adolescents’ Acute Stress Reactions and Mental Health Needs after the 2023 Turkey Earthquakes. Children 2023;10(9):1485. google scholar
10. Ataya J, Soqia J, Ataya J, AlMhasneh R, Batesh D, Alkhadraa D, et al. Sleep quality and mental health differences following Syria-Turkey earthquakes: A crosssectional study. Int J Social Psychiatr 2024;70(4):700-8. google scholar
11. Miao R, Liu C, Zhang J, Jin H. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. J Affect Disord 2023;340:914-22. google scholar
12. Ahmed SK, Saied AA, Nashwan AJ. The impact of the 2023 Türkiye-Syria earthquakes on the mental health of children. Int J Social Psychiatr 2024 Sep 6; google scholar
13. Singhal R, Kumar A, Singh H, Fuller S, Gill SS. Digital device-based active learning approach using virtual community classroom during the COVID-19 pandemic. Computer Applications in Engineering Education 2021;29(5):1007-33. google scholar
14. Yılmaz Akbaba A, Eldeleklioğlu J. Adaptation of Positive Mental Health Scale into Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study. J Family Counseling Educ 2019;4(1):44-54. google scholar
15. Avan H, Güngör S. COVID-19 Pandemisinin Geç Adölesanların Duygu Durumlarına ve Yaşam Kalitesine Etkisi. BANÜ Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi 2021;3(1):126-33. google scholar
16. Köse M, Öztürk M, Acar A. Sosyal İlişkiler Ölçeği’nin Geliştirilmesi ve Psikometrik Özellikleri. İstanbul Univ J Sociol 2022;42(1):0-0. google scholar
17. Benton T, Njoroge WFM, Ng WYK. Sounding the Alarm for Children’s Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Pediatr 2022;176(4):e216295. google scholar
18. Kiss O, Alzueta E, Yuksel D, Pohl KM, de Zambotti M, Műller-Oehring EM, et al. The Pandemic’s Toll on Young Adolescents: Prevention and Intervention Targets to Preserve Their Mental Health. J Adolescent Health 2022;70(3):387-95. google scholar
19. Jellinek M, Benheim TS, Dutta A, Bergmann P, Sturner R, Howard B, et al. Identifying Children and Adolescents at Elevated Mental Health Risk Before and During COVID-19. J Developmental Behavioral Pediatr 2024;45(4):e341-8. google scholar
20. de Matos MG, Carvalho M, Branquinho C, Noronha C, Moraes B, Gaspar T, et al. COVID-19, Wellness and Life Satisfaction in Adolescence: Individual and Contextual Issues. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023;20(8):5600. google scholar
21. Wolf K, Schmitz J. Scoping review: longitudinal effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on child and adolescent mental health. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024;33(5):1257-312. google scholar
22. Kurz D, Braig S, Genuneit J, Rothenbacher D. Trajectories of child mental health, physical activity and screen-time during the COVID-19 pandemic considering different family situations: results from a longitudinal birth cohort. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023;17(1):36. google scholar
23. Kaya İ, Karayagmurlu A, Kitapçıoğlu S, Bakman N, Erbay MF, Dinçel M, et al. Increased Hyperactivity with Decreased Parental Perceived Social Support Among Turkish Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder during Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. Alpha Psychiatr 2024;25(3):350-5. google scholar
24. Avan H, Koç ET, Vural B. Çocukları Salgın Sürecinde Okula Devam Eden Ebeveynlerin Kaygı Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi: 6-12 Yaş Örneği. J Health Pro Res 2021;3(2):65-74. google scholar
25. Gustafsson J, Lyyra N, Jasinskaja-Lahti I, Simonsen N, Lahti H, Kulmala M, et al. Mental health profiles of Finnish adolescents before and after the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023;17(1):54. google scholar
26. Perdana ARA, Vall Castelló J. Shattered ground, shaken minds: Mental health consequences of earthquakes. Econ Hum Biol 2025;56:101448. google scholar
27. Alamolhoda SH, Zare E, Nasiri M. The status of adolescent health during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Med Life 2022;15(5):675-8. google scholar
28. Kurt A, Topan A, Akkoç B. The relationship between media exposure and mental health in children following Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in Turkey. J Pediatr Nurs 2024;78:7-13. google scholar
29. Shahrbabaki PM, Zeidabadinejad S, Abolghaseminejad P, Dehghan M, Asadilari M, Zakeri MA, et al. The relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and selfefficacy among adolescent students: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024;19(12):e0310434. google scholar