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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>sağlık bilimleri dergisi</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2980-1362</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>ICU Nursing</subject>
                                                            <subject>Nursing (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği</subject>
                                                            <subject>Hemşirelik (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Transfusion Practice and Red Blood Cell Use in Patients in Critical Condition: Effects on Survival</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Transfüzyon Pratiği ve Kritik Hastalarda Eritrosit Süspansiyonu: Sağkalım Üzerindeki Etkileri</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3970-2010</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Koyun</surname>
                                    <given-names>Derya</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Bitlis Tatvan State Hospital Hematology Department</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4558-1350</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Söylemez</surname>
                                    <given-names>Fatma</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Bitlis Eren University Faculty of Health Sciences Nursing Department</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260331">
                    <day>03</day>
                    <month>31</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                                    <issue>11</issue>
                                        <fpage>15</fpage>
                                        <lpage>31</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20260228">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>28</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260327">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>27</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                        
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Objective: Transfusion decisions critically influence outcomes in severe illness. Patient Blood Management (PBM) strategies optimize transfusion practice and mitigate immunological risk.Materials and Methods: This retrospective study reviewed 30-month transfusion records across all departments. Transfusion endpoints—including red blood cell (RBC), platelet , and fresh frozen plasma—were evaluated. RBC recipients were stratified into critical-risk units versus other clinical departments. Outcomes were defined by survival status during follow-up. Analyses comprised Kaplan–Meier survival curves, logistic regression (univariate and multivariate), and ROC curve evaluation.Results: Among 1,805 patients receiving 4,999 RBC transfusions, 208 were analyzed (Oct–Dec 2023; median follow-up 12.45 months). Of these, 42.3% were transfused in critical-risk departments and 43.3% died. Survivors showed higher pre- and post-transfusion RBC and lymphocyte counts (p  &amp;lt; 0.05). Mortality was independently associated with transfusion intensity, malignancy, and critical care admission. Multivariate analysis confirmed age, malignancy, and critical care admission as predictors of poor survival. ROC analysis indicated strong model performance (AUC = 0.859), and Kaplan–Meier curves revealed significantly reduced survival in high-risk subgroups. Conclusion: Transfusion burden and immune parameters shape survival in critical illness, underscoringindividualized, risk-adapted PBM.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Giriş: Transfüzyon kararı, kritik hastalıklarda prognoz açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Hasta Kan Yönetimi (HKY) stratejileri, transfüzyon kararlarını optimize etmeyi ve immünolojik riskleri azaltmayı amaçlamaktadır.Yöntem: Bu retrospektif çalışmada, tüm klinik birimlerde 30 ay boyunca gerçekleştirilen transfüzyon kayıtları analiz edilmiştir. Kırmızı kan hücresi (KKH), trombosit süspansiyonu ve taze donmuş plazma uygulamalarına ilişkin sonlanımlar değerlendirilmiştir. KKH alan hastalar, kritik riskli birimlerde (yoğun bakım, hematoloji, onkoloji ve palyatif bakım) tedavi görenler ile diğer klinik birimlerde tedavi edilenler olarak iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Sonuçlar, takip sürecindeki sağkalım durumuna göre tanımlanmıştır. İstatistiksel analizlerde Kaplan-Meier sağkalım eğrileri, tek ve çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon ile ROC eğrisi değerlendirmesi kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Toplam 1.805 hastaya 4.999 ünite KKH transfüze edilmiştir. Ekim–Aralık 2023 döneminde KKHtransfüzyonu yapılan 208 hasta ayrıntılı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Medyan 12,45 aylık takip süresinde hastaların %42,3’ünün kritik riskli birimlerde transfüzyon aldığı ve mortalite oranının %43,3 olduğu saptanmıştır. Transfüzyon öncesi ve sonrası kırmızı kan hücresi ile lenfosit sayılarının sağ kalan hastalarda anlamlı derecede daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir (p  &amp;lt; 0,05). Transfüzyon yoğunluğu, malignite varlığı ve yoğun bakım yatışı mortalite artışıyla bağımsız olarak ilişkili bulunmuştur. Çok değişkenli analizde yaş, malignite ve yoğun bakım yatışının sağkalım süresinin kısalmasında önemli belirleyiciler olduğu gösterilmiştir. ROC analizi modelin güçlü performansını ortaya koymuş (AUC = 0,859) ve Kaplan-Meier eğrileri yüksek riskli alt gruplarda sağkalımın belirgin şekilde azaldığını göstermiştir.Sonuç: Transfüzyon yükü ve immünolojik parametreler, kritik hastaların sağkalım oranlarını önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Bu bulgular, kişiselleştirilmiş HKY stratejilerinin uygulanmasını desteklemekte ve riske göre uyarlanmış transfüzyon protokollerinin gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Transfusion Practice</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Red Blood Cell</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Critical Risk Units</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Survival</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Transfüzyon Uygulaması</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Kırmızı Kan Hücresi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Kritik Risk Birimleri</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Sağkalım</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
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