sagakaderg Sağlık Akademisyenleri Dergisi 2148-7472 2636-7572 Dünya Kongre Etkili Ekip Çalışmasının Sağlıktaki Önemi ve Faydaları: Bir Literatür Çalışması The Importance And Benefits Of Effective Teamwork in Health Care: A Literature Survey Çıraklı Ümit Bozok Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Sağlık Kurumları İşletmeciliği Bölümü. Çelik Yusuf Hacettepe Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Sağlık İdaresi Bölümü. Beylik Umut Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Sağlık Yönetimi Bölümü. 08 01 2015 2 3 140 146 Copyright © 2014, Sağlık Akademisyenleri Dergisi 2014 Sağlık Akademisyenleri Dergisi

Sağlık kurumlarında yapılan işlerin tek profesyonel grubu tarafından yerine getirilmesi mümkün değildir. Bu durum sağlık kurumlarında ekip çalışmasını zorunlu kılmakta ve hizmetler ekip çalışmasının sonucu olarak verilmektedir. Sağlık ekiplerinin çalışmalarını etkili bir şekilde yerine getirmeleri ise ayrı bir önem arz etmektedir. Çünkü etkili ekip çalışmasının sağlıkta birçok faydası bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ekip çalışması ile ilgili temel kavramlar açıklanmış ve literatür taraması yapılarak etkili ekip çalışmasının genelde ve sağlıktaki önemi faydaları ile ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda etkili ekip çalışmasının başlıca faydaları şu şekilde sıralanmıştır: yatış sürelerinin ve maliyetlerin düşürülmesi, gelişmiş hizmet sunumu, gelişmiş hasta memnuniyeti, çalışan memnuniyeti, çalışan motivasyonu ve işbirliği ve yenilik.

The Works done in health care institutions can not be fulfilled by a single professional grup. This situation requries the teamwork in health care institutions, and health services are provided as a result of teamwork. For health teams to perform effectively theirs Works are of particular importance. Because there are alot of benefits of effective team work in health care. In this study, it was described the basic concepts of teamwork, and was tried to reveal the importance and the benefits of effective teamwork in general and in health through literatüre review. As a result of the main benefits of effective teamwork are as follows: reducing the length of stay and costs, improved service delivery, improved patient satisfaction, employee satisfaction, employee motivation and collaboration, and innovation.

 Ekip Ekip Çalışması Ekip Etkililiği Ekip Çalışmasını Sağlıktaki Faydaları Hastane Team Teamwork Team Effectiveness Benefits of Teamwork in Health Hospital Allen, N. J. ve Hecht, T. D. (2001). The “romance of teams”: Toward an Understanding of Its Origins and Implications. In: the 4th Australian Industrial-Organizational Psychology Conference Proceedings. ss. 108 – 119. Borrill, C. S., Carletta, J., Carter, A. J., Dawson, J. F., Garrod, S., Rees, A., Richards, A., Shapiro, D. ve West, M. A. (2001). The Effectiveness of Health Care Teams in the National Health Service. Aston University, Birmingham. Borrill, C., West, M., Shapiro, D. ve Rees,A. (2000). Teamworking and Effectiveness in Health Care. Br J Health Care Manage, Vol. 6(8), ss. 34 – 37. Buchanan, I. (1997). Effective Teamwork in Health Care: A Review of Issues Discussed in Recent Research Literature. Health Care Analysis, Vol.5(1), ss. 62 – 73. CHSRF (Canadian Health Services Research Foundation). (2006). Teamwork in Healthcare: Promoting Effective Teamwork in Healthcare in Canada, Policy Synthesis and Recommendations. Canadian Health Services Research Foundation. Cohen, S. G. ve Bailey, D. E. (1997). What Makes Teamwork: Group Effectiveness Research from the Shop Floor to the Executive Suite. Journal of Management, Vol.23(3), ss. 239 – 290. Eggert, G.M., Zimmer, J.G., Hall, W.J. & Friedman, B. (1991). Case management: A randomised controlled study comparing a neighbourhood team and a centralized individual model. Health Services Research, Vol. 26(4), ss. 471 – 507. Ellingson, L. L. (2002). Communication, Collaboration, and Teamwork among Health Care Professionals. Communication Research Trends, Vol. 21(3), ss. 1 – 43. Garner, C. L. (1998). Team Building and Organizational Effectivenss, Doktora Tez. The Faculty of Graduate School, University of Texas at Austin. Gonzales, R. A. (2010). Health Care Team Effectiveness: the Relationship Between Team Task Interdependence and Group Emotional Competence. Doktora Tezi, School of Advanced Studies, University of Phoenix. Hale, B. A. (2007). Hospice Interdisciplinary Team Processes and Effectiveness. Doktora Tezi, the Faculty of the College of Nursing, the University of Arizona. Hamlin, J. L. (2008). Team Effectivenss: A Validation Study of Lencioni’s Five Functions of A Team. Doktora Tezi, College of Organizational Leadership, University of La Verne, California. Haward, R., Amir, Z., Borrill, C., Dawson, C., Scully, J., West, M. ve Sainsbury, R. (2003). Breast Cancer Teams: The Impact of Constitution, New Cancer Workload and Methods of Operation on Their Effectivenss. Br. J Cancer, Vol. 89(1), ss. 15 – 22. Hughes, S.L., Cummings, J., Weaver, F., Manheim, L., Brawn, B. ve Conrad, K. (1992). A randomised trial of the cost effectiveness of VA hospital-based home care for the terminally ill. Health Services Research, Vol. 26(6), ss. 801 – 817. Jackson, G., Gater, R., Goldberg, D., Tantam, D. Loftus, L. ve Taylor, H. (1993). A New Community Mental Health Team Based in Primary Care: A description of the Service and Its Effect on Service Use in the First Year. British Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 162, ss. 375-384. Katzenbach, J. R. ve Smith, D. K. (1993a). The Wisdom of Teams. Harward Business School Press. Leggat, S. G. (2007). Effective Healthcare Teams Require Effective Team Members: Defining Teamwork Competencies. BMC Health Services Research, 7:17, Erişim Tarihi: 05 Haziran 2011, http://www.biomedcentral. com/1472-6963/7/17 Li, H. (2008). A Theory of Intraunit Justice Climate and Team Effectiveness. Doktora Tezi, The Faculty of Committe on Business Administration, The University of Alabama. Lowe, F. ve O’hara, S. (2000). Multi-disciplinary Teamworking in Practice: Managing the Transition. Journal of Interprofessional Care, Vol. 14(3), ss. 269 – 279. Luecke, R. (2004). Creating teams with an edge: the complete skill set to build powerful and influential teams. Harward Business Essentials, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School pres. Macy, B.A. ve lzumi, H. (1993). Organizational Change, Design and Work Innovation: A meta-Analysis of 131 North American field studies-1961-1991. In R. W. Woodman and W. A. Pasmore (Ed.), Research in Organizational Change and Development, Vol. 7., ss. 235 – 313. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. McCleary, K. J. (1998). Determinants of Work Group Effectiveness: An Empirical Examination of Health Care Teams. Doktora Tezi, The Faculty of Graduate School, The University of Alabama. Mickan, S. M. (2005). Evaluating the effectiveness of health care teams. Australian Health Review, Vol. 29(2), ss. 211 – 217. Montgomery-Colbert, D. A. (2010). Environmental Affects on Teamwork: Case Study of a Trauma and Surgical Intensive Care Unit. Doktora Tezi, School of Education, Colorado State University. Peiro, J.M., Gonzalez-Roma, V. ve Romos, J. (1992). The Influence of Work Team Climate on Role Stress, Tension, Satisfaction and Leadership Perceptions. European Review of Applied Psychology, Vol. 42(1) ss. 49 – 58. Poulton, B. C. ve West, M. A. (1999). The Determinants of Effectiveness in Primary Healt Care Teams. Journal of Interprofessional Care, Vol. 13(1), ss. 7 – 18. Robbins, H. ve Finley, M. (1995). Why Teams Don’t Work: What Went Wrong and How to Make It Right. Princeton, NJ: Peterson’s/Pacesetter Books. Rowley, M. J., Hensley, M. J., Brinsmead, M. W. ve Wlodarcyzk, J. H. (1995). Continutiy of Care by A Midwife Team Versus Routine Care during Pregnancy and Birth: A Randomised Trial. Med J Aust, Vol. 163(6), ss. 289 – 193. Salas, E., Goodwin, G. F. ve Burke, C. S. (2009). Team Effectiveness in Complex Organizations: Cross-disciplinary Perspectives and Approaches. Psychology Press Taylor & Francis Group. Schwarz, R.M. (1994). The Skilled Facilitator: A Compherensive Resource for Consultants, Facilitators, Managers, Trainers and Coaches. San Francisco: Jossey- Bass. Scott, E. ve Pollock, M. (2006). Effectiveness of Self-selected Teams: A Systems Development Project Experience. Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, Vol. 3, ss. 601 – 617. Singh, A. K. ve Muncherji, N. (2007). Team Effectiveness and Its Measurement: A Framework. Global Business Review, Vol. 8(1), ss. 119 – 133. Sommers, L.S., Marton, K.I., Barbaccia, J.C. ve Randolph, J. (2000). Physician, nurse and social worker collaboration in primary care for chronically ill seniors, Archives of Internal Medicine, Vol. 160(12) ss. 1825 – 1833. Taylor, J., Blue, I. ve Misan, G. (2001). Approach to Sustainable Primary Healthcare Service Delivery for Rural and Remote South Australia. Aust J Rural Health, Vol. 9, ss. 304 – 310. Tidikis, F. ve Strasen, L. (1994). Patient-focused Care Units Improve Service and Financial Outcomes, Healthcare Financial Manage, ss. 38 – 44. Tokat, M. (1994) Sağlık Ekonomisi. Seçim, H. (Ed.), Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları No: 793, Eskişehir: Etam. Valentine, M. A., Nembhard, I. M. ve Edmondson, A. C. (2011). Measuring Teamwork in Health Care Settings: A Review of Survey Instruments. Harward Business School Working Paper 11-116. Erişim Tarihi: 05 Haziran 2011, www. hbs.edu/research/pdf/11-116.pdf Yeatts, D.E. ve Seward, R.R. (2000). Reducing Turnover and Improving Health Care in Nursing Homes: The Potential Effects of Self-managed Work. The Geriontologist, Vol. 40(3), ss. 358 – 363. Zimmer, J.G., Eggert, G.M. & Chiverton, P. (1990). Individual versus team case management in optimising care for chronically ill patients with dementia. Journal of Aging and Health, Vol. 2(3), ss. 357 – 372.