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                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2146-9806</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">1304-6535</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Sakarya Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17335/sakaifd.1761285</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Religious Studies (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Dini Araştırmalar (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                                                            <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Dini Mercekten Gözetme: Hinduizm’de İnanca Dayalı Panoptikon Mekanizmaları Olarak Mahākumbha ve Śrāddha</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Surveillance Through the Dharmic Gaze: Mahākumbha and Śrāddha as Mechanisms of Faith-Based Panopticon in Hinduism</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0281-7309</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Rathour</surname>
                                    <given-names>Shreya</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>VISVESVARAYA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-4739</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Dash</surname>
                                    <given-names>Bibhudatta</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>VISVESVARAYA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7456-7670</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Narasimham</surname>
                                    <given-names>G. Lakshmi</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>VISVESVARAYA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                                                <issue>Advanced Online Publication</issue>
                                        <fpage>61</fpage>
                                        <lpage>78</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20250811">
                        <day>08</day>
                        <month>11</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260223">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>23</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2001, Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2001</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                                        <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Yüzyıllar boyunca dinî gelenekler, “ilahî gözetim” kavramını ahlaki çerçevelerine dâhil ederek etik davranışı şekillendirmek ve toplumsal-manevî iyiliği teşvik etmek için kullanmışlardır. Ancak “gözetleyen tanrı” fikri, inançlı bireylerin zihinleri ve eylemleri üzerinde tam bir denetim duygusu yaratmaktadır. İlahi varlıkların, ataların ruhlarının, kutsal metinlerin ve dijital dinî bildirimlerin gözetimi altında bireyler çoğu zaman derin bir sorumluluk duygusuyla birlikte sıkıntı, psikolojik stres ve dinî tarihler, inançlar ve değerlere yetişme baskısı geliştirmektedir. Jeremy Bentham’ın “panoptikon” kavramından yararlanan bu çalışma, “İlahi Gözetim” olgusunu deneyimlerken bireyde oluşabilecek kaygı türlerini ortaya koymaktadır. Gözetim, psikoloji ve din üzerine geliştirilen kuramlardan alınan içgörüler doğrultusunda bu makale, Hinduizm’deki Mahākumbha ve Śrāddha gibi ritüel ve uygulamaların yalnızca ahlaki sorumluluk yaratmakla kalmayıp Hindu inananların zihninde psikolojik yük ve stres de oluşturduğunu incelemektedir. Çalışmanın bulguları, kutsal metinler, medya, yönetişim ve psikolojik koşullanmanın kesişen etkileri aracılığıyla Hindu inananların zihninde ilahi ve atalardan kalan hafızanın nasıl harekete geçirildiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca araştırma, din bağlamında geleneksel gözetimden dijital aracılı gözetim biçimlerine doğru yaşanan dönüşüme de vurgu yapmaktadır.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>For centuries, religious traditions have incorporated the concept of “divine surveillance” into their moral frameworks, using it to shape ethical behavior and promote social and moral well-being. However, this idea of “watching deity” creates a sense of total control over the minds and actions of faithful believers. Under the watchful eyes of divine entities, ancestral spirits, sacred scriptures, and digital religious notifications, individuals often develop a deep sense of accountability along with distress, resulting in psychological stress and a pressure to meet the religious timelines, beliefs, and values. Drawing upon Jeremy Bentham’s concept of “panopticon”, this study showcases the kind of anxiety one can be instilled with while navigating through the phenomenon of “Divine Gaze”. Taking insights from theories revolving around surveillance, psychology, and religion, this paper examines the rituals and practices of Hinduism, like Mahākumbha and Śrāddha that not only cultivate moral accountability but also impose psychological burden and stress on the minds of Hindu believers. The findings of the study reveal how divine and ancestral memory is invoked in the minds of Hindu believers through the intersecting influences of scriptures, media, governance, and psychological conditioning. Further, the research also emphasizes the shift from traditional to digitally mediated surveillance in the context of religion.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                                                    <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Mental Health</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Hinduism</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Dharmic Gaze</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Ancestral Gaze</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Religious Practices</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Surveillance</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Ruh sağlığı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Hinduizm</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Dharmic Gözetim</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Atasal Gözetim</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Gözetim</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
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