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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2146-9806</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">1304-6535</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Sakarya Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17335/sakaifd.1798527</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Religious Education</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Din Eğitimi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                                                            <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Birlik Gücü Eğitim Programları: Malezya Ortaokullarında Tesamuh Uygulamasının Değerlendirilmesi ve Karşılaşılan Zorluklar</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>The Strength of Unity Education Programs: Evaluating the Implementation of Tasamuh in Malaysian Secondary Schools and Its Challenges</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4382-9428</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Tengku Kasim</surname>
                                    <given-names>Tengku Sarina Aini</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>UNIVERSITI MALAYA</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9721-4850</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Yusoff</surname>
                                    <given-names>Atifah Ahmad</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>UNIVERSITI MALAYA</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6731-1514</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Badar</surname>
                                    <given-names>Sulmi</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>UNIVERSITI MALAYA</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-6088</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Mohd Razif</surname>
                                    <given-names>Nor Fahimah</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>UNIVERSITI MALAYA</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5445-1929</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Mohd Khambali @ Hambali</surname>
                                    <given-names>Khadijah</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>UNIVERSITI MALAYA</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9832-9294</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Jumaat Ali</surname>
                                    <given-names>Amiratul Najihah</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>UNIVERSITI MALAYA</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                                                <issue>Advanced Online Publication</issue>
                                        <fpage>122</fpage>
                                        <lpage>141</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20251010">
                        <day>10</day>
                        <month>10</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260123">
                        <day>01</day>
                        <month>23</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2001, Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2001</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                                        <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Bu makale, Malezya’daki ortaöğretim düzeyindeki çok kültürlülükle ilgili eğitim programlarının güçlü yönlerini ve bu programların daha uyumlu ve kapsayıcı bir MADANI toplumunun şekillendirilmesindeki rolünü analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Arapça madaniyyah kelimesinden türetilen MADANI terimi; medeni, uygarlığa dayalı ve değerlere odaklanan bir toplumu ifade etmektedir. Etnik gruplar arasında hoşgörü ve kabulü vurgulayan tesamuh kavramı, Malezya’nın çok etnikli toplumunda birliği güçlendirme çabalarının merkezinde yer almaktadır. Bu çalışma, ulusal müfredata birlikle ilgi değerleri entegre eden eğitim programlarının, çok etnikli katılımı içeren müfredat dışı etkinliklerin ve okullarda yürütülen birlik kampanyalarının güçlü yönlerini vurgulamaktadır. Fakat çalışma, müfredat tasarımındaki sınırlamalar, müfredat dışı etkinliklerin uygulanması ve etnik çeşitliliği ele alan programların kapsamı gibi iyileştirilmesi gereken alanları da belirlemektedir. Birlik değerlerinin etkili bir şekilde öğretilmesinde de zorluklar bulunmaktadır. Bu analiz aracılığıyla, eğitim programlarını güçlendirmek için kültürel çeşitlilikle ilgili müfredat içeriğinin geliştirilmesi, öğretmen eğitimlerinin artırılması ve ebeveynler ile toplum katılımının genişletilmesi gibi çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, MADANI çerçevesi kapsamında kapsayıcı ve birlik odaklı eğitimin değerlendirilmesi ve iyileştirilmesine rehberlik etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>This article aims to analyze the key strengths and limitations of secondary-level education programs related to multiculturalism in Malaysia, and their role in shaping a more harmonious and inclusive MADANI society. The term MADANI, derived from the Arabic word madaniyyah, refers to a civil, civilized, and values-based society. The concept of tasamuh, which emphasizes tolerance and acceptance among ethnic groups, is examined as a central ethical principle in efforts to strengthen unity within Malaysia’s multiethnic society. This study highlights the strengths of education programs that integrate unity-related values into the national curriculum, as well as co-curricular activities that involve multiethnic participation and unity campaigns conducted in schools. However, the study also identifies areas requiring further development, including limitations in curriculum design, co-curricular implementation, and the depth and scope of programs addressing ethnic diversity. Challenges also exist in the effective teaching and practical translation of unity values. Through this analysis, several recommendations are proposed to strengthen education programs, such as enhancing curriculum content on cultural diversity, increasing teacher training, and broadening the involvement of parents and the community. The findings of this study are intended to serve as a guide for evaluating and improving inclusive and unity-oriented education within the MADANI framework.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                                                    <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Multicultural Education</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Tasamuh</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Unity Education</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Malaysia</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Çok Kültürlü Eğitim</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Tesamuh</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Birlik Eğitimi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Malezya</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                    <funding-group specific-use="FundRef">
                    <award-group>
                                                    <funding-source>
                                <named-content content-type="funder_name">The Ministry of Education Malaysia</named-content>
                            </funding-source>
                                                                            <award-id>Universiti Malaya UM Global Transformation Research Grant 2024 (UMGTR00005D-2024)</award-id>
                                            </award-group>
                </funding-group>
                                </article-meta>
    </front>
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