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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2146-9806</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">1304-6535</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Sakarya Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17335/sakaifd.1803290</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Islamic Law</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>İslam Hukuku</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                                                            <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>The Commodification of the Human Body: An Ethical and Fiqhī Critique of Placental Use</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Metalaşan İnsan Bedeni: Plasentanın Kullanımına Etik ve Fıkhî Bir Eleştiri</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6271-7483</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Ülger Nalbant</surname>
                                    <given-names>Şeyma</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>IBN HALDUN UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF ISLAMIC STUDIES, DEPARTMENT OF FUNDAMENTAL ISLAMIC STUDIES, DIVISION OF ISLAMIC LAW</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3748-8033</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Erkoc Baydar</surname>
                                    <given-names>Tuba</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>IBN HALDUN UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF ISLAMIC STUDIES</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                                                <issue>Advanced Online Publication</issue>
                                                
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20251014">
                        <day>10</day>
                        <month>14</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260221">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>21</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2001, Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2001</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                                        <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Advancements in contemporary medical science have enabled the use of various human-derived waste materials in medicine, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Among these, the placenta, an organ that ceases its biological function after childbirth and becomes a discarded bodily material, has gained growing attention for its diverse applications. Today, it is employed in cultural practices such as placentophagy (the consumption of the placenta) as well as in medical treatments including tissue engineering, wound healing, and burn therapy. Despite its perceived biomedical value, the placenta’s utilization raises significant ethical and jurisprudential concerns. Ethically, it challenges core principles such as human dignity, autonomy, non-maleficence, justice, and the potential commodification of the human body. Jurisprudentially, the issue invites debates about whether human-derived substances—such as hair, skin, teeth, milk, blood, and bone are considered najis (ritually impure), whether their use or sale is permissible, and how such questions intersect with the Islamic principle of karāmat al-nās (human dignity). This study aims to elucidate the dignity attributed to the human being and to elements of the human body through an examination of the placenta as a discarded biological material with moral, ethical, and fiqhī dimensions, thereby seeking to make an original contribution to the existing literature. Moreover, by taking the placenta as a case study, the article demonstrates that the use of certain human-derived waste biological materials—such as feces and urine—for medical, pharmacological, and cosmetic purposes within the possibilities offered by modern medicine may constitute a problematic ethical and fiqhī ground. In this respect, the study emphasizes the need for careful scrutiny of such practices and contributes to a renewed reflection on the normative boundaries governing the human body.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Günümüzün modern tıbbî imkanları birçok insana ait atık parçanın tıpta, kozmetikte ve farmasötik madde olarak ilaçlarda kullanımını mümkün kılmaktadır. Gebeliğin nihayete ermesi ile işlevi sona eren ve atık bir parça haline gelen plasentanın kullanım alanları da gittikçe yaygınlaşmaya başlamıştır. Plasenta hem plasentofaji (plasentanın yenilmesi) gibi kültürel uygulamalarda ve hem de doku mühendisliği, yara iyileştirme ve yanık tedavisi gibi çeşitli tıbbî müdahale alanlarında kullanılmaktadır. Tıp, kozmetik ve farmakolojik açıdan önemli bir kaynak haline gelen plasentanın kullanımı ise etik ve fıkhî bir değerlendirmeye ihtiyaçduymaktadır. Nitekim plasenta kullanımı, etik açıdan insan onuru, özerklik, zararsızlık, adalet ve insana ait bir parçanın metalaştırılması gibi pek çok tartışmalı konuyu gündeme getirmektedir. Fıkhî açıdan ise saç, deri, diş, süt, kan ve kemik gibi insandan ayrılan parçaların şer’î açıdan necaset hükmüne girip girmediği, bu parçalardan faydalanmanın ve bunların satışının caiz olup olmadığı ile tüm bu tartışmaların kerâmetü’n-nâs ilkesi etrafında nasıl ele alındığının sorgulanması gerekir. Bu çalışma, etik ve fıkhî boyutlarıyla, plasenta meselesi üzerinden, insana ve insan bedenine ait unsurlara atfedilen saygınlığı görünür kılmayı amaçlamakta; bu yönüyle literatüre özgün bir katkı sunmayı hedeflemektedir. Ayrıca bu çalışma, modern tıbbın sunduğu imkanlarla gaita ve idrar gibi bazı insan kaynaklı atık biyolojik materyallerin de tıp, farmakoloji ve kozmetik amaçlarla kullanımının etik ve fıkhî açıdan problematik bir zemin oluşturabileceğini plasenta örneği üzerinden ortaya koymakta ve bu tür uygulamalara titizlikle yaklaşılması gerektiği vurgusu yaparak insan bedenine ilişkin sınırların yeniden düşünülmesine katkı sunmaktadır.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                                                    <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Fıkıh</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Etik</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Plasenta</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Plasentofaji</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Kerâmet</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Fiqh</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Ethics</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Placenta</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Placentophagy</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Karāma</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                    <funding-group specific-use="FundRef">
                    <award-group>
                                                    <funding-source>
                                <named-content content-type="funder_name">İbn Haldun Üniversitesi</named-content>
                            </funding-source>
                                                                            <award-id>2232</award-id>
                                            </award-group>
                </funding-group>
                                </article-meta>
    </front>
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