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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>sarad</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Sağlık ve Sosyal Refah Araştırmaları Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2667-8217</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Haşim ÇAPAR</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55050/sarad.1907057</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Health Economy</subject>
                                                            <subject>Health Care Administration</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Sağlık Ekonomisi</subject>
                                                            <subject>Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>AİLE HEKİMLİĞİ SİSTEMİ PERFORMANSININ ÇOK KRİTERLİ KARAR VERME YÖNTEMİ İLE ANALİZİ: OECD ÜLKELERİ KARŞILAŞTIRMASI</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>ANALYSIS OF FAMILY MEDICINE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE THROUGH A MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION-MAKING APPROACH: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF OECD COUNTRIES</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1595-1656</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Baş</surname>
                                    <given-names>Ferhat</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>SBÜ Ankara Etlik Şehir Hastanesi/Etlik/Ankara</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3562-1961</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Orhan</surname>
                                    <given-names>Fatih</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, GÜLHANE SAĞLIK MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU (ANKARA)</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260329">
                    <day>03</day>
                    <month>29</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>0</volume>
                                        <issue>2026</issue>
                                                
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20260310">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>10</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260329">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>29</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2018, Sağlık ve Sosyal Refah Araştırmaları Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2018</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Sağlık ve Sosyal Refah Araştırmaları Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Bu çalışmanın amacı, aile hekimliği sistemi ile geliştirilmesi hedeflenen koruyucu ve geliştirici sağlık hizmetlerine ilişkin temel göstergeler aracılığıyla, Türkiye’nin 2009 ve 2019 yılları itibarıyla OECD ülkeleri arasındaki performans sıralamasını belirlemektir. Çalışma kapsamına OECD üyesi olan 38 ülke dahil edilmiştir. Analizde çıktı değişkenleri olarak doğumda beklenen yaşam süresi, anne ölüm oranı, kaybedilen potansiyel yaşam yılı, bulaşıcı hastalıklara bağlı ölüm oranı ve çocukluk çağı aşılama oranı kullanılmıştır. Girdi değişkenleri ise zorunlu sağlık sigortası kapsam oranı, toplam sağlık istihdamı, koruyucu ve önleyici sağlık hizmetleri harcamaları ve gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla (GSYH) olarak belirlenmiştir. Girdi ve çıktı değişkenlerine ilişkin kriter ağırlıkları nesnel bir yöntem olan Entropi yöntemi ile hesaplanmış; ülkelerin göreli performansları ise İdeal Çözüme Benzerliğe Göre Tercih Sıralama Tekniği (TOPSIS) kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, karşılaştırma yapılan her iki yılda da Türkiye, birinci basamak sağlık hizmetleri performansı açısından OECD ülkeleri arasında 2009 yılında 35. Sıra iken 2019 yılında 33. Sıraya yükselmiştir. Sistem değişimine ve sağlık hizmetlerine ayrılan kaynaklardaki artışa rağmen, Türkiye’nin on yıllık dönemdeki sıralamasında anlamlı bir değişim gözlenmemiştir. Türkiye, 2010 yılında aile hekimliği sistemine geçmiş; bu dönüşümle birlikte birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinin sunum biçimi ve finansman yapısı yeniden düzenlenmiştir. Aile hekimliği sistemi öncesinde Sağlık Ocaklarında sunulan hizmetler, reform sonrasında Aile Hekimliği Birimi, Aile Sağlığı Merkezi ve Toplum Sağlığı Merkezi olmak üzere üçlü bir yapıya dönüştürülmüştür. Ancak sevk zinciri mekanizmasının etkin ve bütüncül biçimde uygulanamaması, sistemin birinci basamakta kapı tutuculuk (gatekeeping) işlevini tam olarak yerine getirememesine yol açmış ve bu durum performans göstergelerine beklenen düzeyde yansımamıştır. Bulgular, yapısal reformların tek başına yeterli olmadığını; kaynak tahsisi, yönetişim kapasitesi ve sistem içi entegrasyonun performans üzerinde belirleyici olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>The aim of this study is to determine Türkiye’s relative ranking among OECD countries for the years 2009 and 2019 by utilizing selected indicators of preventive and promotive health services targeted for improvement through the family medicine system. The study includes 38 countries that were members of the OECD. In the analysis, output variables were defined as life expectancy at birth, maternal mortality rate, potential years of life lost, mortality from communicable diseases, and childhood immunization rates. Input variables consisted of compulsory health insurance coverage, total health employment, expenditure on preventive and promotive health services and gross domestic product (GDP). The weights of input and output criteria were calculated using the Entropy method, an objective weighting technique based on information theory. Subsequently, the relative performance of countries was evaluated through the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). According to the findings, in both years compared, Türkiye rose from 35th place in 2009 to 33rd place among OECD countries in terms of primary healthcare performance in 2019. Despite structural reforms and increased resource allocation within the health system, no significant change was observed in Türkiye’s ranking over the ten-year period. In 2010, Türkiye transitioned to the family medicine system, which fundamentally restructured the delivery and financing of primary health care services. Services previously delivered through Health Centers were reorganized into a tripartite structure consisting of Family Medicine Units, Family Health Centers, and Community Health Centers. However, the referral chain mechanism was not implemented in a comprehensive and effective manner, limiting the system’s capacity to function as a gatekeeping model within primary care. Consequently, the anticipated improvements in performance indicators were not fully realized. The findings suggest that structural transformation alone is insufficient to enhance health system performance; effective resource allocation, institutional capacity, governance mechanisms, and systemic integration play a decisive role in achieving measurable improvements in preventive and promotive health outcomes.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Sağlık Hizmetleri</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Aile Hekimliği</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Entropi Yöntemi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  TOPSIS</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Çok Kriterli Karar Verme</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Health Services</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Family Medicine</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Entropy Method</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  TOPSIS</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Multi-Criteria Decision-Making</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
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