Kronik Hemodiyaliz Hastalarının Psikolojik Sıkıntı ve Algıladıkları Sosyal Destek Düzeyleri

Abstract

Amaç: Kronik böbrek yetmezliği olan hastalar sağ kalım için hemodiyaliz tedavisi almaktadır. Bununla birlikte yaşam kalitelerinde bir değişiklik yaşarlar ve hastalarda ruhsal belirti ve bozukluklar görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, hemodiyaliz hastalarının psikolojik sıkıntı ve algıladıkları sosyal destek düzeylerini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışma bir devlet hastanesinin Hemodiyaliz Ünitesi’nde kesitsel ve ilişki arayıcı tasarım tipinde gerçekleştirildi. Çalışmanın örneklemini araştırmaya dahil edilme kriterlerini taşıyan ve çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 29 hasta oluşturdu. Araştırmanın verileri, kişisel bilgi formu, Kessler Psikolojik Sıkıntı Ölçeği ve Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği kullanılarak toplandı. Veriler, yüzde dağılımları, ortalamalar, standart sapma, ortanca değerler, Spearman korelasyon Analizi, Mann Whitney U testi ve Kruskal-Wallis H Testi kullanılarak analiz edildi. Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 60,66±10,66 yıldı. Çalışmada kronik hemodiyaliz hastalarının psikolojik sıkıntı düzeyleri (42,65±7,39) ve algılanan sosyal destek düzeyleri (57,06±22,24) yüksek olarak bulundu. Kessler Psikolojik Sıkıntı Ölçeği toplamı ile Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği toplam ve alt ölçek puanları arasında negatif korelasyon vardı (p<0,05). Hastaların psikolojik sıkıntı düzeyleri cinsiyete göre anlamlı farklılık oluştururken, algılanan sosyal destek düzeyleri ise medeni duruma göre anlamlı farklılık oluşturdu. Sonuç: Kronik hemodiyaliz hastalarının sosyal destek düzeyleri azaldıkça psikolojik sıkıntılarının arttığı saptanmıştır.

Keywords

• Hemodiyaliz
• psikolojik sıkıntı
• sosyal destek

Psychological Distress and Perceived Social Support Levels of Patients with Chronic Hemodialysis

Abstract

Objective: Patients with chronic kidney failure receive hemodialysis treatment for survival. However, they experience a change in their quality of life and suffer from mental symptoms and disorders. This study had the objective of determining the psychological distress and perceived social support levels in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Method(s): This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the hemodialysis unit of a public hospital. The sample consisted of 29 patients who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate. Data were collected using a personal information form, the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Scale. The data were analyzed using percentage distributions, means, standard deviation, median values, Spearman correlation analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis H Test. Results: The mean age of the participants was 60.66±10.66 years. Participants had high psychological distress levels (42.65±7.39) and perceived social support levels (57.06±22.24). There was a negative correlation between the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale total and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Scale total and subscale scores (p<0.05). While psychological distress levels of the patients created a significant difference according to gender, perceived social support levels created a significant difference according to marital status. Conclusion: The lower the social support, the higher the psychological distress in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Keywords

• psychological distress
• social support
• Hemodialysis

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