Evaluation of the Concept of Violence in Healthcare from the Perspective of Patients and Companions in a Medical Faculty Hospital

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to measure the knowledge of the concept of violence and evaluate the perspectives on violence and violence in healthcare among people who applied to a medical faculty hospital as patients/companions. Methods: The minimum sample size for this cross-sectional study was calculated to be 150, and the data of 206 people were evaluated. A form with 36 questions was used to collect the data. Independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance, chi-squared test, and effect sizes were used to investigate the relationships between variables. Statistically, p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age of the participants was 43.95±12.30 years and 53.9% were female. According to 61.7% of the participants stated that physicians were the group most exposed to violence. According to patients/companions, the two most common reasons for violence in healthcare were long waiting times and indifference of healthcare professionals (HCPs). 83.5% of the participants stated that violence in healthcare could be prevented. 11.7% of the participants thought that HCPs deserved violence. 58.7% of the participants stated that they had been exposed to any type of violence, 42.7% reported that they had previously used violence, and 5.8% stated that they had previously used violence against HCPs. The percentage of participants who correctly identified all types of violence was 23.3%. Conclusion: Similar and qualitative studies are needed to determine the causes of violence in healthcare and to struggle with violence in healthcare.

Keywords

• Healthcare Professional
• Violence
• Community
• Patient
• Companion

Sağlıkta Şiddet Kavramının Bir Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesindeki Hasta ve Hasta Yakınlarının Bakış Açısıyla Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, bir tıp fakültesi hastanesine hasta/hasta yakını olarak başvuran kişilerin şiddet kavramına ilişkin bilgilerini ölçmek ve şiddete ve sağlıkta şiddete bakış açılarını değerlendirmektir. Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışma için minimum örneklem büyüklüğü 150 olarak hesaplanmış ve 206 kişinin verileri değerlendirilmiştir. Veri toplamak için 36 soruluk bir form kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri araştırmak için bağımsız gruplarda t-testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi, ki-kare testi ve etki büyüklükleri kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel olarak p<0.05 anlamlı kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 43.95±12.30 yıl olup %53.9'u kadındı. Katılımcıların %61,7'si şiddete en çok maruz kalan grubun hekimler olduğunu belirtti. Hasta/hasta yakınlarına göre sağlıkta şiddetin en yaygın iki nedeni uzun bekleme süreleri ve sağlık çalışanlarının ilgisizliğiydi. Katılımcıların %83,5'i sağlıkta şiddetin önlenebileceğini ifade etti. Katılımcıların %11,7'si sağlık çalışanlarının şiddeti hak ettiğini düşündüğünü belirtti. Katılımcıların %58,7'si herhangi bir şiddet türüne maruz kaldığını, %42,7'si daha önce şiddet uyguladığını ve %5,8'i daha önce sağlık çalışanlarına şiddet uyguladığını beyan etti. Tüm şiddet türlerini doğru olarak tanımlayan katılımcıların oranı %23,3'tü. Sonuç: Sağlıkta şiddetin nedenlerini belirlemek ve sağlıkta şiddetle mücadele etmek için benzer ve niteliksel çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

• sağlık çalışanı
• şiddet
• toplum
• hasta
• hasta yakını

References

1. International Labour Organization, International Council of Nurses, World Health Organization. Framework guidelines for addressing workplace violence in the health sector [Internet]. Geneva: ILO/ICN/WHO/PSI; 2002 [cited 2023 Jan 12]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9221134466
2. World Health Organization. Preventing violence against health workers [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2022 [cited 2023 Jan 12]. Available from: https://www.who.int/activities/preventing-violence-against-health-workers
3. Hidiroglu S, Tanriover O, Tosun M, Turan CA, Gunaydin BS, Eser B, et al. Job satisfaction of primary health care professionals in primary health care and their exposure levels to violence. J Turk Fam Phy. 2019;10(4):173-84. doi:10.15511/tjtfp.19.00473
4. Er T, Ayoglu F, Acikgoz B. Violence against healthcare workers: Risk factors, effects, evaluation and prevention. Turk J Public Health. 2021;19(1):69-78. doi:10.20518/tjph.680771
5. Cinaroglu OS, Efgan MG, Payza U. Violence against healthcare professionals; is it a new pandemic? J Contemp Med. 2022;12(5):626-30. doi:10.16899/jcm.1162404
6. White coats are in revolt! 67 thousand healthcare professionals have been subjected to violence since 2013 [Internet]. Milliyet; 2023 [cited 2023 Jan 12]. Available from: http://www.milliyet.com.tr/beyaz-onluklulerisyanda-2013-ten-gundem-2753978/
7. Terkes N, Ilter S, Zorlu E. The status of violence of health workers and reasons of violence from the perspective of health workers. Izmir Demokrasi Univ Health Sci J. 2022;5(2):620-34. doi:10.52538/iduhes.1037787
8. Aydogan H, Yıldırım M, Soyyiğit M, Akçan R. A terrifying problem: Healthcare professionals' homicides. Egypt J Forensic Sci. 2022;12(1):1-8. doi:10.1186/s41935-022-00302-5

9. Mollahaliloglu S, Culha UA, Kosdak M, Oncul HG. The migration preferences of newly graduated physicians in Turkey. Med J Islamic World Acad Sci. 2014;22(2):69-75. doi:10.12816/0008175
10. Eser E, Cil E, Sen Gundogan NE, Col M, Yildirim Ozturk EN, Thomas DT, et al. Push and pull factors of why medical students want to leave Türkiye: A countrywide multicenter study. Teach Learn Med. 2023;35(3):1-13. doi:10.1080/10401334.2023.2229810
11. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang AG. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods. 2009;41:1149-60. doi:10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
12. Uyar M, Yildirim EN, Sahin TK. Determination of perspectives of violence on health workers of 18 years and older adults who apply to family health centers in Meram district of Konya province. ESTUDAM Public Health J. 2020;5(1):113-20. doi:10.35232/estudamhsd.648576
13. Ilhan MN, Cakir M, Tunca MZ, Karasu Avcı E, Cetin E, Aydemir O, et al. From society point of view violence against healthcare workers: Causes, attitudes, behaviours. Gazi Med J. 2013;24:5-10. doi:10.12996/gmj.2013.02
14. Aygun O, Gokdemir O, Kucukerdem HS, Bulut Batur U, Ozcakar N. From patient perspective: Violence against physician: Patients' views on violence to physicians. Med Sci Discov. 2023;10(5):332-40. doi:10.36472/msd.v10i5.944
15. Ozdemir Takak S, Baydar Artantas A. Evaluation of patients' and their relatives' opinions and attitudes about violence against health care workers. Ankara Med J. 2018;18(1):103-16. doi:10.17098/amj.409020
16. Celik H, Tashan ST. Determination of the correlation between patient rights using attitude and their ideas to use violence against health care workers. Health Care Acad J. 2014;1(2):89-98
17. Filiz E, Unal S, Kahveci S, Uyar S. The attitude of the society to violence against healthcare professionals. Health Care Acad J. 2022;9(4):328-35. doi:10.52880/sagakaderg.1129275
18. Ozisli O. A research on the reasons of violence in the health sector. Int J Health Manag Strategies Res. 2022;8(1):62-8
19. Yasar ZF, Durukan E, Buken E. A university hospital patients and their relatives' opinions on violence in health. Rom J Leg Med. 2017;25:65-9. doi:10.4323/rjlm.2017.65
20. Bingol S, Ince S. Factors influencing violence at emergency departments: Patients' relatives' perspectives. Int Emerg Nurs. 2021;54:100942. doi:10.1016/j.ienj.2020.100942
21. Aharon AA, Warshawski S, Itzhaki M. Public knowledge, attitudes, and intention to act violently, with regard to violence directed at health care staff. Nurs Outlook. 2020;68(2):220-30. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2019.08.005
22. OECD.Stat. Health care resources [Internet]. Paris: OECD; 2021 [cited 2023 Jan 13]. Available from: https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?QueryId=74634#
23. TURKSTAT. Health and social protection-Health statistics [Internet]. Ankara: Turkish Statistical Institute; 2020 [cited 2023 Jan 13]. Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=Saglik-ve-Sosyal-Koruma-101
24. Zorlu I, Kurcer M. Violence against physicians according to patients and relatives of the patients. Mersin Univ J Health Sci. 2020;13(3):418-27. doi:10.26559/mersinsbd.690969
25. Terkes N, Degirmenci K, Bedir G. Causes of violence towards health professionals from the perspective of patient/patient relatives. Dokuz Eylul Univ Nurs Fac Electron J. 2021;14(4):328-36. doi:10.46483/deuhfed.818068
26. Yilmaz C, Onan N. Examination of anger expression and violence against healthcare professionals in the sample of emergency department patient relatives. J Health Sci Adiyaman Univ. 2021;7(3):231-42. doi:10.30569/adiyamansaglik.957584
27. Du Y, Wang W, Washburn DJ, Lee S, Towne SD, Zhang H, et al. Violence against healthcare workers and other serious responses to medical disputes in China: Surveys of patients at 12 public hospitals. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020;20(1):253. doi:10.1186/s12913-020-05104-w
28. Jiao M, Ning N, Li Y, Gao L, Cui Y, Sun H, et al. Workplace violence against nurses in Chinese hospitals: A cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open. 2015;5. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006719
29. Hou B. The sense of responsibility of news media in the construction of harmonious doctor-patient relationship. J News Res. 2020;11:145-6