İran’ın Azerbaycan’a Yönelik Dış Politikası: İkinci Karabağ Savaşı’nın Belirleyiciliği

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 4, 12 - 43, 31.01.2022

Ahmet Sapmaz

Öz

İran ve Azerbaycan ortak tarih, kültür ve din öğelerine sahip, birbirine komşu iki devlettir. Ayrıca, İran nüfusunun önemli bir kesimini Azerbaycan Türkleri oluşturmaktadır. Tüm bu ortak özellikler dikkate alındığında iki devlet arasında günümüzde yapıcı ve işbirliğine dayalı ilişkiler olması gerekir iken, aksine çatışmacı ve gergin ilişkiler hüküm sürmektedir. İran’ın, Azerbaycan’ın muhtemel irredantizm politikalarından çekinmesi, bununla bağlantılı olarak Dağlık Karabağ sorununda Ermenistan’ı desteklemesi, buna karşın Azerbaycan’ın Türkiye ve İsrail ile geliştirdiği ilişkiler, iki devlet ilişkilerinde gerilimi sürekli olarak yükseltmektedir. 2020 yılında yaşanan ve Azerbaycan’ın zaferi ile sonuçlanan İkinci Karabağ Savaşı, Güney Kafkasya’daki jeopolitik durumu değiştirmiş ve İran açısından bu durum tehdit olarak algılanmıştır. Azerbaycan’ın milli güç unsurlarında görülen somut artış Tahran’ı endişeye sevk etmiştir. İkinci Karabağ Savaşı sonrası İran siyasi ve askeri liderlerinin Bakü’yü suçlayıcı açıklamaları ve gerçekleştirilen askeri tatbikatlar ilişkileri olumsuz istikamete yöneltmiştir. Bu kapsamda İran’ın Azerbaycan’a yönelik dış politikasını inceleyen bu çalışma, İran’ın Azerbaycan politikasının dini ideoloji, kültür ve tarih öğelerinin ötesinde ulusal çıkara dayalı olarak güvenlik ve var olma üzerine inşa edilmiş pragmatik öğeler içerdiğini iddia etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İran, Azerbaycan, Güney Kafkasya, Güney Azerbaycan, İkinci Karabağ Savaşı

IRAN’S FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS AZERBAIJAN: THE DECISIVENESS OF THE SECOND KARABAKH WAR

Öz

Iran and Azerbaijan are two neighboring states with common history, culture and religion. In addition, a significant part of the Iranian population consists of Azerbaijani Turks. Considering all these common features, there should be constructive and friendly bilateral relations between the two states, but on the contrary, confrontational and tense relations prevail. Iran’s refrain from Azerbaijan’s possible irredentism policies, and in connection with this, its support for Armenia in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, on the other hand, Azerbaijan’s relations with Turkey and Israel constantly increase the tension in the relations between the two states. The Second Karabakh War, which took place in 2020 and ended with Azerbaijan victory, changed the geopolitical situation in the South Caucasus and this situation was perceived as a threat for Iran. The concrete increase in Azerbaijan’s national power elements has caused Tehran to worry. The accusatory statements of the Iranian political and military leaders against Baku and the military exercises carried out led the relations to a negative direction after the Second Karabakh War. In this context, this study, which analysis Iran’s foreign policy towards Azerbaijan, claims that Iran’s Azerbaijan policy includes pragmatic elements built on security and existence based on national interest, beyond religious ideology, culture and history elements.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Iran, Azerbaijan, South Caucasus, South Azerbaijan, Second Karabakh War

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