Apple cider vinegar supplementation modulates lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase values in lens of ovariectomized mice

Abstract

Epidemiological studies reported that increased risk of cataracts and oxidative stress in postmenopausal women although aetiology of the mechanisms has not been clarified. Apple cider vinegar may useful treatment of ovariectomize (OVX)-induced oxidative lens injury via its antioxidant properties. We aimed to investigate effects of apple cider vinegar on lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and reduced glutathione (GSH) values in OVX mice fed high cholesterol. Thirty-two mice were used in the study and they were divided into four equal groups. First group was used as control. Second group was used OVX. Apple vinegar (0.6% of feed) was intragastrically giving to consisting apple vinegar and OVX+apple vinegar mice for 28 days. All groups except control group were fed cholesterol rich ration (5% cholesterol). After 28 days, lens samples are taken to study lipid profile and antioxidant values. Lipid peroxidation levels in the lens were higher in OVX group than in control whereas their levels were lower in apple vinegar and OVX+apple vinegar groups than in OVX group. The GSH-Px activities were lower in OVX group than in control although their activities were higher in apple vinegar and OVX+apple vinegar groups than in OVX group. The GSH levels did not change by OVX and apple vinegar administrations. In conclusion, apple cider vinegar decreased in lens oxidative injury by modulating GSH-Px in mice fed with high cholesterol.

Keywords

• -

References

1. Aksakal E, Akaras N, Tanboga IH, Kurt M, Halici Z, Odabasoglu F, Unal B. 2011. Relationship between oxidative stress and cardiomyopathic changes in ovariectomized rats. Cardiology. 119(4):235-241.
2. Babizhayev MA. 2011. Mitochondria induce oxidative stress, generation of reactive oxygen species and redox state unbalance of the eye lens leading to human cataract formation: disruption of redox lens organization by phospholipid hydroperoxides as a common basis for cataract disease. Cell Biochem Funct. 29(3):183-206.
3. Brinton RD. 2008. The healthy cell bias of estrogen action: mitochondrial bioenergetics and neurological implications. Trends Neurosci. 31(10):529- 537.
4. Budak NH, Kumbul Doguc D, Savas CM, Seydim AC, Kok Tas T, Ciris MI, Guzel- Seydim ZB. 2011. Effects of apple cider vinegars produced with different techniques on blood lipids in high-cholesterol-fed rats. J Agric Food Chem. 59:6638-6644.
5. Denis MC, Furtos A, Dudonné S, Montoudis A, Garofalo C, Desjardins Y, Delvin E, Levy E. 2013. Apple peel polyphenols and their beneficial actions on oxidative stress and inflammation. PLoS One 2013;8:e53725.
6. Dilek M, Naziroğlu M, Baha Oral H, Suat Ovey I, Küçükayaz M, Mungan MT, Kara HY, Sütçü R. 2010. Melatonin modulates hippocampus NMDA receptors, blood and brain oxidative stress levels in ovariectomized rats. J Membr Biol. 233(1-3):135-142.
7. Fulgêncio Cunha AA, Bosco AA, Veloso CA, Volpe CM, Chaves MM, Nogueira- Machado JA. 2013. Suppressive effect of aqueous humor from person with Type 2 diabetes with or without retinopathy on reactive oxygen species generation. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 100(1):69-73.
8. Gajjar D, Patel D, Alapure B, Praveen MR, Patel A, Johar K Sr, Vasavada AR. 2009. Rapid action of oestradiol against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in cataractous lens epithelium: an in vitro study. Eye (Lond). 23(6):1456-1463.

9. Ganea E, Harding JJ. 2006. Glutathione-related enzymes and the eye. Curr Eye Res. 31(1):1-11.
10. Jia Z, Song Z, Zhao Y, Wang X, Liu P. 2011. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract protects human lens epithelial cells from oxidative stress via reducing NF
11. B and MAPK protein expression. Mol Vis. 17:210-217.
12. Juskova M, Majekova M, Demopoulos V, Stefek M. 2011. Substituted derivatives of indole acetic acid as aldose reductase inhibitors with antioxidant activity: structure-activity relationship. Gen Physiol Biophys. 30(4):342- 349.
13. Kovacic P, Somanathan R. 2008. Unifying mechanism for eye toxicity: Electron transfer, reactive oxygen species, antioxidant benefits, cell signaling and cell membranes. Cell Membr Free Radic Res 2:56-69.
14. Kumar S, Lata K, Mukhopadhyay S, Mukherjee TK. 2010. Role of estrogen receptors in pro-oxidative and anti-oxidative actions of estrogens: a perspective. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1800(10):1127-1135.
15. Lawrence RA, Burk RF. 1976. Glutathione peroxidase activity in selenium- deficient rat liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 71:952-958.
16. Leske MC, Wu SY, Hyman L, Hennis A, Nemesure B, Schachat AP; Barbados Eye Studies Group. 2004. Four-year incidence of macular changes in the Barbados Eye Studies. Ophthalmology. 111(4):706-711.
17. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin- Phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193:265-275.
18. Nahomi RB, Wang B, Raghavan CT, Voss O, Doseff AI, Santhoshkumar P, Nagaraj RH. 2013. Chaperone peptides of -crystallin inhibit epithelial cell apoptosis, protein insolubilization, and opacification in experimental cataracts. J Biol Chem 288(18):13022-13035.
19. Nazıroğlu M, Gün HB, Savaş Ş, Çelik Ö, Sözbir E, Özkaya MO. 2011. Capparis ovata modulates ovariectomize induced-oxidative toxicity in brain, kidney and liver of aged mice. Cell Membr Free Radic Res 3:186-193.
20. Nazıroğlu M, Karaoğlu A, Aksoy AO. 2004. Selenium and high dose vitamin E administration protects cisplatin-induced oxidative damage to renal, liver and lens tissues in rats. Toxicology. 195(2-3):221-230.
21. Nazıroğlu M. 2009. Role of selenium on calcium signaling and oxidative stress- induced molecular pathways in epilepsy. Neurochem Res. 34:2181-2191.
22. Nazıroğlu M. 2012. Molecular role of catalase on oxidative stress-induced Ca(2+) signaling and TRP cation channel activation in nervous system. J Recept Signal Transduct Res. 32(3):134-141.
23. Ozcura F, Dündar SO, Cetin ED, Beder N, Dündar M. 2010. Effect of estrogen replacement therapy on lens epithelial cell apoptosis in an experimental rat model. Int Ophthalmol. 30(3):279-284.
24. Placer ZA, Cushman L, Johnson BC. 1966. Estimation of products of lipid peroxidation (malonyldialdehyde) in biological fluids. Anal Biochem 16:359-364.
25. Prokai-Tatrai K, Perjesi P, Rivera-Portalatin NM, Simpkins JW, Prokai L. 2008. Mechanistic investigations on the antioxidant action of a neuroprotective estrogen derivative. Steroids. 73(3):280-288.
26. Rooban BN, Sasikala V, Gayathri Devi V, Sahasranamam V, Abraham A. 2012. Prevention of selenite induced oxidative stress and cataractogenesis by luteolin isolated from Vitex negundo. Chem Biol Interact. 196(1-2):30-38.
27. Sakakibara S, Yamauchi T, Oshima Y, Tsukamoto Y, Kadowaki T. (2006). Acetic acid activates hepatic AMPK and reduces hyperglycemia in diabetic KK- A(y) mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 344:597-604.
28. Sedlak J, Lindsay RHC. 1968. Estimation of total, protein bound and non-protein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellmann' s reagent. Anal Biochem 25:192- 205.
29. Shafin N, Zakaria R, Hussain NH, Othman Z. 2012. Association of oxidative stress and memory performance in postmenopausal women receiving estrogen- progestin therapy. Menopause. [Epub ahead of print].
30. Shishehbor F, Mansoori A, Sarkaki AR, Jalali MT, Latifi SM. 2008. Apple cider vinegar attenuates lipid profile in normal and diabetic rats. Pak J Biol Sci. 11(23):2634-2638.
31. Simşek M, Naziroğlu M, Erdinç A. 2005. Moderate exercise with a dietary vitamin C and E combination protects against streptozotocin-induced oxidative damage to the kidney and lens in pregnant rats. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 113(1):53-59.
32. Turgut O, Ay AA, Turgut H, Ay A, Kafkas S, Dost T. 2013. Effects of melatonin and dexpanthenol on antioxidant parameters when combined with estrogen treatment in ovariectomized rats. Age (Dordr). [Epub ahead of print].
33. Vogel HG, Vogel WH. 1997. Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Pharmacological Assay. Springer, Berlin. Page 1096.
34. Wagner H, Fink BA, Zadnik K. 2008. Sex- and gender-based differences in healthy and diseased eyes. Optometry. 79(11):636-652.
35. Zhang M, Shoeb M, Liu P, Xiao T, Hogan D, Wong IG, Campbell GA, Ansari NH. 2011. Topical metal chelation therapy ameliorates oxidation-induced toxicity in diabetic cataract. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 74(6):380-391.