sdü tıp fak derg Medical Journal of Süleyman Demirel University 2602-2109 Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi 10.17343/sdutfd.1184234 Clinical Sciences Klinik Tıp Bilimleri COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF BATTLE ROPE AND ROWING EXERCISES ON PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE IN HEALTHY YOUNG ADULTS SAĞLIKLI GENÇ YETİŞKİNLERDE HALAT VE KÜREK EGZERSİZLERİNİN FİZİKSEL PERFORMANS ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7097-8619 Arslan Esma SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL ÜNİVERSİTESİ https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-8480 Kıyak Görkem Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9842-9942 Özbek Hasan MEHMET AKİF ERSOY ÜNİVERSİTESİ https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6961-8202 Yıldız Ziya ISPARTA UYGULAMALI BİLİMLER ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ISPARTA MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9206-7533 Erdaş Ramazan Kürşat SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL ÜNİVERSİTESİ https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7718-8003 Küçük Furkan SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL ÜNİVERSİTESİ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8997-4172 Başkurt Ferdi SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL ÜNİVERSİTESİ https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9500-698X Ercan Sabriye SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL ÜNİVERSİTESİ 12 27 2022 29 4 629 641 10 04 2022 11 08 2022 Copyright © 1994, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 1994 Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi

ObjectiveBattle rope exercises are a plyometric exercise approachin which large diameter and heavy ropes are usedto increase physical performance. Rowing exercisesare a type of exercise that increases general bodystrength and are performed with a rowing device inan indoor environment. The aim of the study is to determinethe effects of these two exercise approacheson internal rotation/ external rotation (IR/ER) shoulderstrength, proprioception and upper extremity balance,lower extremity strength, and trunk stabilization.Material and MethodHealthy individuals (n=22) between the ages of 18-25were included in the study. At the beginning and atthe end of the study; IR/ER shoulder muscle strengthtest with an isokinetic dynamometer at 60°/sec angularvelocity, active IR/ER shoulder proprioception measurementat 15°, 45°, and 75° target angles with anisokinetic dynamometer, Upper Extremity Y BalanceTest and closed kinetic chain lower extremity stabilitytest was performed. Participants were randomly assignedto rowing (n=10) and battle rope (n=12) exercisegroups. Both groups were trained for 6 weeks,3 days a week, every other day, 6 sets of exercise,and 30 seconds of rest between sets. The metronomespeed was determined as 60 bpm in the rope exercisegroup and 30 bpm in the rowing group for follow therhythm during the exercises.ResultsAfter the exercise programs; in both groups (Rowing;n=9 / Battle rope; n=10) there were a significant increasein the results of the closed kinetic chain lower extremitystability test and IR total work compared to thebaseline (p˂0.05), no difference was found in the resultsof the Upper extremity Y balance test and proprioceptiontest (p˃0.05). Battle rope exercise group; thepeak torque of IR at 60˚/s (p=0.048) and the ratio tobody weight (p=0.045) of the dominant shoulder increasedsignificantly at the end of the exercise programcompared to the beginning. When comparingthe amount of change determined after the exerciseprogram compared to the beginning of the exerciseprogram, no superiority was observed between thetwo groups (p˃0.05).ConclusionIn the light of current results, we think that both exerciseprotocols can be made a part of training programsin healthy individuals.

AmaçHalat egzersizleri, fiziksel performansı artırmak içingeniş çaplı ve ağır halatların kullanıldığı pliyometrikegzersiz yaklaşımıdır. Kürek egzersizleri ise genel vücutkuvvetini artıran, kapalı ortamda kürek çekme aletiyleyapılan bir egzersiz türüdür. Çalışmanın amacı,bu iki egzersiz yaklaşımının omzun internal rotasyon/eksternal rotasyon (IR/ER) kas kuvvetine, propriyosepsiyonuna,üst ekstremite dengesine, alt ekstremitekuvveti ve gövde stabilizasyonuna etkilerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır.Gereç ve YöntemAraştırmaya, 18-25 yaşları aralığında sağlıklı 22 bireydahil edilmiştir. Çalışma başlangıcında ve sonunda;60°/sn açısal hızdaki izokinetik dinamometre ile IR/ER omuz kas kuvvet testi, izokinetik dinamometre ile15°, 45° ve 75° hedef açılarda aktif IR/ER omuz propriyosepsiyonölçümü, üst ekstremite için Y denge testive kapalı kinetik zincir alt ekstremite stabilite testi gerçekleştirilmiştir.Katılımcılar randomize olarak kürek(n=10) ve halat (n=12) egzersiz gruplarına ayrılmıştır.Her iki gruba da 6 hafta boyunca, haftada 3 gün, günaşırı, 6 set egzersiz ve setler arasında 30 sn dinlenmeyleegzersizler yapılmıştır. Egzersizler sırasındakiritmi takip edebilmek için halat egzersiz grubunda 60bpm, kürek grubunda 30 bpm metronom hızı belirlenmiştir.BulgularEgzersiz programlarından sonra; her iki grubun da(Kürek; n=9 / Halat; n=10) başlangıca göre kapalı kinetikzincir alt ekstremite stabilite testi ve IR total işsonucunda anlamlı artış bulunmuş (p˂0,05), Üst EkstremiteY Denge Testi ve propriyosepsiyon testi sonuçlarındafark olmadığı görülmüştür (p˃0,05). Halategzersizi grubunun; dominant omzunun 60˚/s hızındakiIR zirve torku (p=0,048) ve vücut ağırlığına oranı(p=0,045) egzersiz programının sonunda, başlangıcagöre anlamlı olarak artmıştır. Egzersiz programı-nın başlangıcına göre egzersiz programı sonrasındabelirlenen değişim miktarlarının karşılaştırılmasındaiki grup arasında birbirine üstünlük gözlenmemiştir(p>0,05).SonuçMevcut sonuçlar ışığında iki egzersiz protokolünün desağlık bireylerde antrenman programlarının bir parçasıhaline getirilebileceğini düşünmekteyiz.

 halat egzersizi kürek egzersizi kas kuvveti denge propriyosepsiyon battle rope exercise rowing exercise muscle strength balance proprioception 1. Fountaine CJ, Schmidt BJ. Metabolic cost of rope training. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(4):889-93. 2. Calatayud J, Martin F, Colado JC, Benítez JC, Jakobsen MD, Andersen LL. Muscle activity during unilateral vs. bilateral battle rope exercises. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(10):2854-9. 3. Bornath DP, Kenno KA. Physiological Responses to Increasing Battling Rope Weight During Two 3-Week High-Intensity Interval Training Programs. J Strength Cond Res. 2022;36(2):352-8. 4. Turpin NA, Guével A, Durand S, Hug F. Effect of power output on muscle coordination during rowing. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011;111(12):3017-29. 5. Gavala-González J, Gálvez-Fernández I, Mercadé-Melé P, Fernández-García JC. Rowing training in breast cancer survivors: A longitudinal study of physical fitness. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(14):4938. 6. Shin K-Y, Choi E-H, Lim J-Y, Cho A-R, Lim Y-H. Effects of indoor rowing exercise on the body composition and the scoliosis of visually impaired people: a preliminary study. Ann Rehabil Med. 2015;39(4):592-8. 7. Maniazhagu D, Malar S, Manogari M. Effects of circuit training and battle rope training on speed of school girls. Asian J App Sci&Tech. 2019;3(3):66-72. 8. Akınoğlu B, Kocahan T, Selvi AB. Comparison of Upper Extremity Isokinetic Muscle Strength of Wheelchair Basketball and Wheelchair Table Tennis Players. Turk J Sports Med. 2018;53(4). 9. Riemann BL, Davis SE, Huet K, Davies GJ. Intersession reliability of upper extremity isokinetic push-pull testing. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2016;11(1):85. 10. Gorman PP, Butler RJ, Plisky PJ, Kiesel KB. Upper Quarter Y Balance Test: reliability and performance comparison between genders in active adults. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26(11):3043-8. 11. Shaffer SW, Teyhen DS, Lorenson CL, Warren RL, Koreerat CM, Straseske CA, et al. Y-balance test: a reliability study involving multiple raters. Mil Med. 2013;178(11):1264-70. 12. Arikan H, Maras G, Akaras E, Citaker S, Kafa N. Development, reliability and validity of the Closed Kinetic Chain Lower Extremity Stability Test (CKCLEST): a new clinical performance test. Res Sports Med. 2022;30(5):475-90. 13. Wilbanks SR, Rogers R, Pool S, Bickel CS. Effects of functional electrical stimulation assisted rowing on aerobic fitness and shoulder pain in manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2016;39(6):645-54. 14. Ratamess NA, Smith CR, Beller NA, Kang J, Faigenbaum AD, Bush JA. Effects of rest interval length on acute battling rope exercise metabolism. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(9):2375-87. 15. Kim D, Park D, Lee B, Jeon J. A six-week motor-driven functional electronic stimulation rowing program improves muscle strength and body composition in people with spinal cord injury: a pilot study. Spinal Cord. 2014;52(8):621-4. 16. Marshall EM, Parks JC, Singer TJ, Tai YL, DeBord AR, Humm SM, et al. Vascular Responses to High-Intensity Battling Rope Exercise between the Sexes. J Sports Sci Med. 2021;20(2):349. 17. Ager AL, Borms D, Bernaert M, Brusselle V, Claessens M, Roy J-S, et al. Can a conservative rehabilitation strategy improve shoulder proprioception? A systematic review. J Sport Rehabil. 2020;30(1):136-51. 18. Swanik KA, Lephart SM, Swanik CB, Lephart SP, Stone DA, Fu FH. The effects of shoulder plyometric training on proprioception and selected muscle performance characteristics. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2002;11(6):579-86. 19. Salles JI, Velasques B, Cossich V, Nicoliche E, Ribeiro P, Amaral MV, et al. Strength training and shoulder proprioception. J Athl Train. 2015;50(3):277-80. 20. Eginyan G, Williams AM, Joseph KS, Lam T. Trunk muscle activity and kinematics during boxing and battle rope exercise in people with motor-complete spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2021:1-8. 21. Manikumar M, Anitha A, Jothilingam M, Sharmila R, Sanjana R. Comparison of Battle Rope Exercise and Upper Body Plyometrics on Upper Body Power. Eur J Mol Clin Med. 2020;7(11):1509-14. 22. McAuslan C. Physiological responses to a battling rope high intensity interval training protocol. Windsor, Ontario, Canada: University of Windsor; 2013. 23. Antony B, Maheswri M, Palanisamy A. Effect of battle rope training on selected physical and physiological variables among college level athletes. Indian J Appl Res. 2015;5:19-22. 24. Chen W-H, Wu H-J, Lo S-L, Chen H, Yang W-W, Huang C-F, et al. Eight-week battle rope training improves multiple physical fitness dimensions and shooting accuracy in collegiate basketball players. J Strength Cond Res. 2018;32(10):2715-24. 25. Janshen L, Mattes K, Tidow G. Muscular coordination of the lower extremities of oarsmen during ergometer rowing. J Appl Biomech. 2009;25(2):156-64. 26. Parkin S, Nowicky AV, Rutherford OM, McGregor AH. Do oarsmen have asymmetries in the strength of their back and leg muscles? J Sports Sci. 2001;19(7):521-6. 27. Langford EL, Wilhoite S, Collum C, Weekley H, Cook J, Adams K, et al. Battle Rope Conditioning. Strength Cond J. 2019;41(6):115-21. 28. Quednow J, Sedlak T, Meier J, Janot J, Braun S. The effects of high intensity interval-based kettlebells and battle rope training on grip strength and body composition in college-aged adults. Int J Exerc Sci. 2015;8(2):3. 29. Lawton TW, Cronin JB, McGuigan MR. Strength testing and training of rowers. Sports Med. 2011;41(5):413-32.