Evaluation of Cariogenic and Erosive Potentials of Pediatric Liquid Medicines

Abstract

Introduction and Aim: This study aims to evaluate the cariogenic and erosive effects of pediatric liquid medicines (PLM) on the enamel of primary teeth, which have been increasingly used in children with acute or chronic diseases. Materials and Methods: Five long-term and widely used pediatric drugs (Augmentin, Zimaks, Calpol, Vitabiol, and Ferro Sanol B) were selected for this study. In order to evaluate the erosive and cariogenic potentials of the drugs, the sucrose concentrations, pH values and calcium concentrations they dissolve from the enamel tissue were determined. The samples were subjected to acid incineration with MARS XPress (CEM Brand) Microwave oven. Calcium concentrations were then measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy (ICP MS). Results: Most of the pediatric liquid drugs (80%) have a pH of less than 5.5. It is therefore critical for enamel to be affected. The syrup with the highest acidity value was Ferro sanol B (average pH 2.96 ± 0.01) and the lowest acidity value was Calpol (average pH 6.42 ± 0.03). All of the pediatric syrup samples we used in our study contain sucrose. Conclusion: As a result, it has been observed that syrups used for various reasons in early childhood may cause erosion on tooth surfaces at different pH and acidity values. All syrups examined have cariogenic effects as they contain sucrose. Calcium transition from enamel to all solutions was observed in all three time intervals for all pediatric liquid drugs. In general, the amount of dissolution increased as the holding time increased. The lowest calcium dissolution rate was observed in the Augmentin syrup sample at the first minute (15.87 mg/L), the highest calcium dissolution rate was observed in the Zimaks syrup sample (609.69 mg/L) at the eighth hour. There is no statistical correlation between the pH values of the syrups and the amount of calcium dissolved from the enamel.) Keywords: Pediatric syrup drugs, ICP-MS, Ph meter

Keywords

• Pediatric syrup drugs
• ICP-MS
• Ph meter

Çocuklarda Yaygın Kullanılan Şurup Formundaki İlaçların Karyojenik ve Eroziv Potansiyellerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Giriş ve Amaç: Bu çalışma, akut veya kronik hastalığı olan çocuklarda kullanımı giderek artan pediatrik sıvı ilaçların (PLM) süt dişlerinin minesi üzerindeki karyojenik ve aşındırıcı etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma için uzun süreli ve yaygın olarak kullanılan beş pediatrik ilaç (Augmentin, Zimaks, Calpol, Vitabiol ve Ferro Sanol B) seçildi. İlaçların eroziv ve karyojenik potansiyellerini değerlendirmek amacıyla, sükroz konsantrasyonları, pH değerleri ve mine dokusundan çözdükleri kalsiyum konsantrasyonları belirlendi. Numuneler MARS XPress (CEM Marka) Mikrodalga fırın ile asit yakma işlemine tabi tutuldu. Kalsiyum konsantrasyonları daha sonra İndüktif Eşleşmiş Plazma-Kütle Spektroskopisi (ICP MS) ile ölçüldü. Bulgular: Pediatrik sıvı ilaçların çoğunun (%80) pH'ı 5,5'un altındadır. Bu nedenle emayenin etkilenmesi kritik öneme sahiptir. Asitlik değeri en yüksek olan şurup Ferro sanol B (ortalama pH 2,96±0,01), en düşük asitlik değeri ise Calpol (ortalama pH 6,42±0,03) oldu. Çalışmamızda kullandığımız pediatrik şurup örneklerinin tamamı sakkaroz içermektedir. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak erken çocukluk döneminde çeşitli nedenlerle kullanılan şurupların farklı pH ve asitlik değerlerinde diş yüzeylerinde erozyona neden olabileceği görülmüştür. İncelenen tüm şuruplar sakkaroz içerdikleri için karyojenik etkiye sahiptirler. Tüm pediatrik sıvı ilaçlar için her üç zaman aralığında da mineden tüm solüsyonlara kalsiyum geçişi gözlemlendi. Genel olarak bekletme süresi arttıkça çözünme miktarı da arttı. En düşük kalsiyum çözünme hızı 1. dakikada Augmentin şurup örneğinde (15,87 mg/L), en yüksek kalsiyum çözünme hızı ise sekizinci saatte Zimaks şurup örneğinde (609,69 mg/L) görüldü. Şurupların pH değerleri ile minede çözünen kalsiyum miktarı arasında istatistiksel bir korelasyon yoktur.) Anahtar Kelimeler: Pediatrik şuruplar, ICP-MS, Ph metre

Keywords

• Pediatrik şuruplar
• ICP-MS
• Ph metre

Supporting Institution

Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.

Ethical Statement

Ethics Committee Approval: This study was approved by the clinical research ethics committee of the Hatay Mustafa Kemal University. Date: 04.10.2021, number:29

Thanks

The authors acknowledge support from the Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.

References

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