CHROMIUM (Cr(VI)) REMOVAL FROM WATER WITH BENTONITE-MAGNETITE NANOCOMPOSITE USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY (RSM)

Abstract

In this study, magnetite nanocomposites coated with bentonite were synthesized as adsorbent material and their effects in Cr (VI) adsorption were investigated. Magnetite nanomaterials (Bentonite-Fe3O4) were characterized by surface morphology (SEM-EDX) and elemental analyses (FTIR). RSM was used to investigate the optimum ambient conditions of parameters for the removal of Cr (VI) ions. Isotherm and kinetic models were calculated to determine the mechanism of adsorption, and obtained results showed that Cr (VI) adsorption by Bentonite-Fe3O4 was more suitable for Tempkin isotherm (R2:0.99) and second-order kinetic model (R2:1). The optimum adsorption efficiency (77.46%) of Cr (VI) ions in 6.5 mg/L concentration was obtained at contact time of 60 min, pH 2.0, adsorbent dosage of 2.5 g/L and at 35 oC.

Keywords

• Adsorption
• bentonite
• chromium
• nanomagnetite
• response surface methodology

References

1. [1] Le A. T., Pung S. Y., Sreekantan S., & Matsuda A., (2019) Mechanisms of removal of heavy metal ions by ZnO particles, Heliyon, 5(4), e01440.
2. [2] Chen H., Teng Y., Lu S., Wang Y., Wang J., (2015a) Contamination features and health risk of soil heavy metals in China, Sci. Total Environ., 512–513, 143–153.
3. [3] Byber K., Lison D., Verougstraete V., Dressel H., Hotz P., (2016) Cadmium or cadmium compounds and chronic kidney disease in workers and the general population: a systematic review. Crit. Rev., Toxicol., 46 (3), 191–240.
4. [4] Wang R., Zhao Y., Xie X., Mohamed T. A., Zhu L., Tang Y., ... & Wei Z. (2020) Role of NH3 recycling on nitrogen fractions during sludge composting, Bioresource Technology, 295, 122175.
5. [5] Zhu L., Yang H., Zhao Y., Kang K., Liu Y., He P., Wu Z., Wei Z., (2019) Biochar combined with montmorillonite amendments increase bioavailable organic nitrogen and reduce nitrogen loss during composting, Bioresour. Technol. 294, 122224.
6. [6] Shao N., Li S., Yan F., Su Y., Liu F., & Zhang Z. (2020) An all-in-one strategy for the adsorption of heavy metal ions and photodegradation of organic pollutants using steel slag-derived calcium silicate hydrate, Journal of hazardous materials, 382, 121120.
7. [7] Gong Y., Zhao D., Wang Q., (2018) An overview of field-scale studies on remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals and metalloids: Technical progress over the last decade, Water Res. 147, 440-60.
8. [8] Jobby R., Jha P., Yadav A.K., Desai N., (2018) Biosorption and biotransformation of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI): A comprehensive review, Chemosphere, 207, 255-66.

9. [9] Han J.-C., Chen G.-J., Qin L.-P., Mu Y., (2017) Metal respiratory pathway-independent Cr isotope fractionation during Cr(VI) reduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 4, 500–504.
10. [10] Ou B., Wang J., Wu Y., Zhao S., & Wang Z., (2020) Efficient removal of Cr (VI) by magnetic and recyclable calcined CoFe-LDH/g-C3N4 via the synergy of adsorption and photocatalysis under visible light, Chemical Engineering Journal, 380, 122600.
11. [11] Sun X., Huang H., Zhu Y., Du Y., Yao L., Jiang X., Gao P., (2019) Adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ onto Spirulina platensis harvested by polyacrylamide in single and binary solution systems, Colloids Surf. A Physicochem, Eng. Asp. 583, 123926.
12. [12] Liu L., Liu S., Peng H., Yang Z., Zhao L., & Tang A., (2020) Surface charge of mesoporous calcium silicate and its adsorption characteristics for heavy metal ions, Solid State Sciences, 106072.
13. [13] Tan X.L., Fang M., Chen C.L., Yu S.M., Wang X.K., (2008) Counterion effects of Ni2+ and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate adsorption to multiwalled carbon nanotubes in aqueous solution, Carbon, 46 1741–1750.
14. [14] Tan X.L., Fan Q.H., Wang X.K., Grambow B., (2009) Eu(III) sorption to TiO2 (anatase and rutile): Batch, XPS, and EXAFS study, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 3115–3121.
15. [15] Verma M., Tyagi I., Chandra R., Gupta V.K., (2017) Adsorptive removal of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solution using CuO nanoparticles synthesized by sputtering method, J. Mol. Liq., 225, 936–944.
16. [16] Verma R., Asthan A., Singh A.K., Prasad S., Susan M.A.B.H., (2017) Novel glycine functionalized magnetic nanoparticles entrapped calcium alginate beads for effective removal of lead, Microchem. J., 130, 168–178.
17. [17] Zhang X., Yan L., Li J., & Yu H. (2019) Adsorption of heavy metals by L-cysteine intercalated layered double hydroxide: Kinetic, isothermal and mechanistic studies, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 562, 149-158.
18. [18] Chalermyanont, T. & Arrykul, S. (2005). Compacted Sand-bentonite Mixtures for Hydraulic Containment Liners, Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 27(2), 313-323.
19. [19] Niu, M., Li, G., Cao, L., Wang, X., & Wang, W. (2020). Preparation of sulphate aluminate cement amended bentonite and its use in heavy metal adsorption, Journal of Cleaner Production, 120700.
20. [20] Kong, S., Wang, Y., Hu, Q., & Olusegun, A. K. (2014). Magnetic nanoscale Fe–Mn binary oxides loaded zeolite for arsenic removal from synthetic groundwater, Colloids and surfaces A: Physicochemical and engineering aspects, 457, 220-227.
21. [21] Cui, H. J., Cai, J. K., Zhao, H., Yuan, B., Ai, C. L., & Fu, M. L. (2014). Fabrication of magnetic porous Fe–Mn binary oxide nanowires with superior capability for removal of As (III) from water, Journal of hazardous materials, 279, 26-31.
22. [22] Mehdinia, A., Jebeliyan, M., Kayyal, T. B., & Jabbari, A. (2017). Rattle-type Fe3O4@ SnO2 core-shell nanoparticles for dispersive solid-phase extraction of mercury ions, Microchimica Acta, 184(3), 707-713.
23. [23] Luo, H., Zhang, S., Li, X., Liu, X., Xu, Q., Liu, J., & Wang, Z. (2017). Tannic acid modified Fe3O4 core–shell nanoparticles for adsorption of Pb2+ and Hg2+, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 72, 163-170.
24. [24] Tang S.C.N., Lo I.M.C., (2013) Magnetic nanoparticles: essential factors for sustainable environmental applications, Water Res., 47, 2613–2632.
25. [25] Zhan H., Bian Y., Yuan Q., Ren B., Hursthouse A., Zhu G., (2018) Preparation and potential applications of super paramagnetic nano-Fe3O4, Processes, 6 (4), 33.
26. [26] Bezerra, M. A., Santelli, R. E., Oliveira, E. P., Villar, L. S., & Escaleira, L. A., (2008) Response surface methodology (RSM) as a tool for optimization in analytical chemistry, Talanta, 76(5), 965-977.
27. [27] Ecer, Ü. and Sahan, T., (2018) A response surface approach for optimization of Pb(II) biosorption conditions from aqueous environment with Polyporussquamosus fungi as a new biosorbent and kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies, Desalin. Water Treat., 102, 229-240.
28. [28] Taheri, M., Moghaddam, M.R.A. and Arami, M. (2012) Optimization of acid black 172 decolorization by electrocoagulation using response surface methodology, Iranian J.Environ.HealthSci.Eng., 9 (1), 23-31.
29. [29] Wang C., Yang, Y., Hou J., Wang P., Miao L., Wang X., & Guo L. (2020) Optimization of cyanobacterial harvesting and extracellular organic matter removal utilizing magnetic nanoparticles and response surface methodology: A comparative study, Algal Research, 45, 101756.
30. [30] Petcharoen, K., & Sirivat, A. (2012). Synthesis and characterization of magnetite nanoparticles via the chemical co-precipitation method.Materials Science and Engineering: B, 177(5), 421-427.
31. [31] Roosta M., Ghaedi M., Daneshfar A., and Sahraei R., (2014) Experimental design based response surface methodology optimization of ultrasonic assisted adsorption of safaranin O by tin sulfide nanoparticle loaded on activated carbon, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 122, 223-231.
32. [32] Abukhadra M.R., Adlii A., & Bakry B.M., (2019) Green fabrication of bentonite/chitosan@ cobalt oxide composite (BE/CH@ Co) of enhanced adsorption and advanced oxidation removal of Congo red dye and Cr (VI) from water, International journal of biological macromolecules, 126, 402-413.
33. [33] Cornell, R.M., Schwertmann, U., (2003) The Iron Oxides: Structure, Properties, Reactions, Occurrence and Uses, second ed., Wiley–VCH, Weinheim.
34. [34] Ansari R., (2006) Application of polyaniline and its composites for adsorption/recovery of chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions, Acta Chimica Slovenica, 53, 88-94.
35. [35] Liang H., Song B., Peng P., Jiao G., Yan X., & She D., (2019) Preparation of three-dimensional honeycomb carbon materials and their adsorption of Cr (VI), Chemical Engineering Journal, 367, 9-16.
36. [36] Cherdchoo W., Nithettham S., & Charoenpanich J., (2019) Removal of Cr (VI) from synthetic wastewater by adsorption onto coffee ground and mixed waste tea, Chemosphere, 221, 758-767.
37. [37] Xiong J.B., Islam E., Yue M., Wang W.F., (2011) Phosphate removal from solution using powdered freshwater mussel shells, Desalination, 276, 2-3, 317–321.
38. [38] Sun, Y., Yang, S., Chen, Y., Ding, C., Cheng, W., & Wang, X. (2015). Adsorption and desorption of U (VI) on functionalized graphene oxides: a combined experimental and theoretical study, Environmental science & technology, 49(7), 4255-4262.
39. [39] Owalude S.O., Tella A.C., (2016) Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions by adsorption on modified groundnut hull, Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 5, 377-388.
40. [40] Mourabet, M., El Rhilassi, A., El Boujaady, H., Bennani-Ziatni, M., & Taitai, A. (2017). Use of response surface methodology for optimization of fluoride adsorption in an aqueous solution by Brushite, Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 10, S3292-S3302.
41. [41] Srivastava, V., Sharma, Y. C., & Sillanpää, M. (2015). Response surface methodological approach for the optimization of adsorption process in the removal of Cr (VI) ions by Cu2(OH)2CO3 nanoparticles, Applied Surface Science, 326, 257-270.
42. [42] Gholizadeh, A., Kermani, M., Gholami, M., & Farzadkia, M. (2013). Kinetic and isotherm studies of adsorption and biosorption processes in the removal of phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions: comparative study, Journal of environmental health science and engineering, 11(1), 29.
43. [43] Febrianto J., Kosasih A.N., Sunarso J., Ju Y.-H., Indraswati N., Ismadji S.,( 2009) Equilibrium and kinetic studies in adsorption of heavy metals using biosorbent: a summary of recent studies, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 162, 616-645.
44. [44] Park D., Yun Y.-S., Park J.M., (2010) The past, present, and future trends of biosorption, Bioprocess Engineering, 15, 86-102.
45. [45] Veselska, V., Fajgar, R., Čihalova, S., Bolanz, R.M., Gottlicher, J., Steininger, R., Siddique, J.A., Komarek, M., 2016. Chromate adsorption on selected soil minerals: surface complexation modeling coupled with spectroscopic investigation, J. Hazard. Mater. 318, 433–442.
46. [46] Guerra, D., Mello, I., Freitas, L., Resende, R., Silva, R., 2014. Equilibrium, thermodynamic, and kinetic of Cr (VI) adsorption using a modified and unmodified bentonite clay. Int. J. Mining Sci. Technol. 24, 525–535.
47. [47] Rahmani, A. R., Foroughi, M., Noorimotlagh, Z., & Adabi, S. (2016). Hexavalent chromium adsorption onto fire clay, Avicenna J Environ Helat Eng., 3 (1) 5029
48. [48] Liu, J., Wu, X., Hu, Y., Dai, C., Peng, Q., & Liang, D. (2016). Effects of Cu (II) on the adsorption behaviors of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) onto kaolin, Journal of Chemistry, 2016.
49. [49] Zhang, Z., Gao, T., Si, S., Liu, Q., Wu, Y., & Zhou, G. (2018). One-pot preparation of P (TA-TEPA)-PAM-RGO ternary composite for high efficient Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solution, Chemical Engineering Journal, 343, 207-216.
50. [50] Huang, M., Mishra, S. B., & Liu, S. (2017). Waste glass fiber fabric as a support for facile synthesis of microporous carbon to adsorb Cr (VI) from wastewater, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 5(9), 8127-8136.
51. [51] Liu, Q., Yang, B., Zhang, L., & Huang, R. (2015). Adsorptive removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions by cross-linked chitosan/bentonite composite, Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 32(7), 1314-1322.