Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Energy recovery from waste in fez city (Morocco)

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 38 Sayı: 1, 83 - 93, 27.03.2020

Öz

Morocco's commitment to the development of renewable energy was confirmed at COP 22 (Conference of Parties) in Marrakech, during which Morocco announced the decision to increase the share of renewable energies from 42% of installed capacity planned for 2020 to 52% by 2030.
Morocco's energy strategy, which attaches great importance to the development of renewable energies and energy efficiency, is based on four fundamental objectives, aimed at:
- Enhancing security of supply and energy availability;
- Generalized access to energy at competitive prices;
- Demand management;
- The preservation of the environment.
Among these renewable energies is biomass.
Household waste in Morocco contains almost 65% to 75% organic matter, so a very large amount of biomass.
Waste recovery is the most optimal waste management solution. It not only eliminates the large quantities of waste produced every day, but also generates the energy needed by a constantly changing population.The objective of this research work is to assess the household waste potential for electrical and thermal energy generation in Fez city (Morocco) using two modes of energy recovery: combustion and anaerobic digestion.
The maximum electric generated was 228.04 GWh/year from direct combustion of household waste, whereas for thermal energy, a maximum value of 633.46 GWh/year in 2016. For anaerobic digestion, the maximum electric generated was 50.02 GWh/year and thermal energy generated was 75.79 GWh/year in 2016.

Kaynakça

  • [1] M. Elsen and M. Vierin, report: Waste Management in French-speaking World, Parliamentary Assembly of the French-speaking World, Morocco, 2006.
  • [2] Ministry of Energy, Mines, Water and Environment, Project Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions-NAMA, Mechano-biological treatment (TMB) coupled to co-incineration, Morocco, 2015.
  • [3] International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, “Kingdom of Morocco: Second Development Policy Loan for the Household Waste Sector”, Report No. 57608-MA, Morocco, November 2010.
  • [4] Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, “Renewable energies and energy efficiency in Morocco”, September 2017.
  • [5] C. Liamsanguan and S. H. Gheewala, “Environmental assessment of energy production from municipal solid waste incineration,” The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, vol. 12, pp. 529–536, Nov. 2007. (http://doi.dx.org/10.1065/lca2006.10.278)
  • [6] O. Onwuemenyi, "Waste to Energy plant". SweetCrudeReports, (2015), (http://sweetcrudereports.com/2015/07/19/%E2%80%8Efirm-signs-mou-with-canadian-nh3-to-turn-waste-to-energy-in-two-states/).
  • [7] L.D. Smoot and P.J. Smith, “Coal Combustion and Gasification”, Plenum Press, New York, 1985.
  • [8] J. D. Murphy and E. McKeogh, “Technical, economic and environmental analysis of energy production from municipal solid waste,” Renewable Energy, vol. 29, pp. 1043–1057, Jun. 2004. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2003.12.002)
  • [9] C. Dong, B. Jin, D. Li, “Predicting the heating value of MSW with a feed forward neural network”, Waste Management, vol. 23, pp. 103–106, (2003). (https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(02)00162-9)
  • [10] N. J. Themelis, Y. H. Kim, and M. H. Brady, Energy recovery from New York City solid wastes, ISWA journal: Waste Management and Research, vol. 20, pp. 223–233, 2002. (https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X0202000303)
  • [11] Y. Naimi, M. Saghir, A. Cherqaoui, and B. Chatre, Energetic recovery of biomass in the region of Rabat (Morocco), International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 42, pp. 1396–1402, 2017. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.07.055)
  • [12] CFCIM Chamber, "Analysis and potential of the market: The market for water and waste treatment in Morocco", Morocco, 2015.
  • [13] S. Rasi, “Biogas composition and upgrading to biomethane”, University of Jyväskylä, Finlande, 2009.
  • [14] P. Rasmussen and A. Mathiasson, Report “Biogas - from refuse to energy,” International Gas Union, Norway, 2015.
  • [15] F. Agoudir et F.Z. El Ommal, « Collecte, soutirage et valorisation du biogaz pour la production de l’énergie électrique », National Schools of Applied Sciences of Tangier (Morocco), 2013.
  • [16] A. B. P. Suzuki, D. M. Fernandes, R. A. P. Faria, and T. C. M. Vidal, Biogas utilization in internal combustion engines, Brazilian Journal of Applied Technology in Agrarian Sciences, vol. 4, pp. 221-237, 2011.
  • [17] M. Pöschl, S. Ward, and P. Owende, Evaluation of energy efficiency of various biogas production and utilization pathways, Applied Energy, vol. 87, pp 3305–3321, 2010. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.05.011)
  • [18] B. Eder, H. Schulz, Biogas praxis, 3rd ed. Ökobuch Magnum, Staufen (Germany), 2006.
  • [19] C. Becker, H. Döhler, H. Eckel, N. Fröba, T. Georgieva, J. Grube and al, “Empirical values for biogas,” 1st ed. Germany: Darmstadt, 2007.
  • [20] C. Walla and W. Schneeberger, The optimal size for biogas plants, Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 32, pp. 551-557, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.11.009
  • [21] D. Goulding and N. Power, Which is the preferable biogas utilization technology for anaerobic digestion of agricultural crops in Ireland: Biogas to CHP or biomethane as a transport fuel? , Renewable Energy, vol. 53, pp. 121-131, 2013. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.11.001)
  • [22] B. Ozkaya, A. Demir, and M. Bilgili, “Neural network prediction model for the methane fraction in biogas from field-scale landfill bioreactors,” Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 815–822, Jun. 2007. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2006.03.004)
  • [23] H. Kamalan,M. Sabour and N. Shariatmadari, “A Review on Available Landfill Gas Models,” Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 79-92, 2011. (10.3923/jest.2011.79.92)
  • [24] H. Amini, R. Cont and A. Minca, Resilience to contagion in financial networks, Mathematical Finance, vol. 26, pp. 329-365, 2016. (https://doi.org/10.1111/mafi.12051)
  • [25] A. Alexander, C. Burklin and A. Singleton, “Landfill Gas Emissions Model (LandGEM) Version 3.02 User’s Guide,” Environmental Protection Agency, Number EPA-600/R-05/047, United States, 2005.
  • [26] R. Pierson, “Fact Sheet: Landfill Methane,” Environmental and Energy Study Institute, United States, 2013
  • [27] Haut Commissariat au Plan, " Population légale de la préfecture de Fès par municipalité, arrondissement ou commune d'après les résultats du recensement général de la population de l'habitat de 2014," 2014, Morocco.
  • [28] Ministry of the Interior, National Household Waste Management Program (PNDM), Morocco, 2017. (file:///C:/Users/pc/Downloads/PRESENTATION%20PNDM%20ZAKARI%20(11).pdf).
  • [29] A. Alexander, C. Burklin, A. Singleton, Landfill Gas Emissions Model (LandGEM) Version 3.02 User’s Guide, Environmental Protection Agency, Number EPA-600/R-05/047, United States, 2005.
  • [30] S. Fallahizadeh, M. Rahmatinia, Z. Mohammadi, M. Vaezzadeh, A. Tajamiri, and H. Soleimani, “Estimation of methane gas by LandGEM model from Yasuj municipal solid waste landfill, Iran,” MethodsX, vol. 6, pp. 391–398, 2019.
  • [31] L. Waldheim, T. Nilsson, Heating value of gases from biomass gasification, IEA Bioenergy Agreement subcommittee on Thermal Gasification of Biomass, Nyköping, Sweden, 2001.
Yıl 2020, Cilt: 38 Sayı: 1, 83 - 93, 27.03.2020

Öz

Kaynakça

  • [1] M. Elsen and M. Vierin, report: Waste Management in French-speaking World, Parliamentary Assembly of the French-speaking World, Morocco, 2006.
  • [2] Ministry of Energy, Mines, Water and Environment, Project Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions-NAMA, Mechano-biological treatment (TMB) coupled to co-incineration, Morocco, 2015.
  • [3] International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, “Kingdom of Morocco: Second Development Policy Loan for the Household Waste Sector”, Report No. 57608-MA, Morocco, November 2010.
  • [4] Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, “Renewable energies and energy efficiency in Morocco”, September 2017.
  • [5] C. Liamsanguan and S. H. Gheewala, “Environmental assessment of energy production from municipal solid waste incineration,” The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, vol. 12, pp. 529–536, Nov. 2007. (http://doi.dx.org/10.1065/lca2006.10.278)
  • [6] O. Onwuemenyi, "Waste to Energy plant". SweetCrudeReports, (2015), (http://sweetcrudereports.com/2015/07/19/%E2%80%8Efirm-signs-mou-with-canadian-nh3-to-turn-waste-to-energy-in-two-states/).
  • [7] L.D. Smoot and P.J. Smith, “Coal Combustion and Gasification”, Plenum Press, New York, 1985.
  • [8] J. D. Murphy and E. McKeogh, “Technical, economic and environmental analysis of energy production from municipal solid waste,” Renewable Energy, vol. 29, pp. 1043–1057, Jun. 2004. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2003.12.002)
  • [9] C. Dong, B. Jin, D. Li, “Predicting the heating value of MSW with a feed forward neural network”, Waste Management, vol. 23, pp. 103–106, (2003). (https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(02)00162-9)
  • [10] N. J. Themelis, Y. H. Kim, and M. H. Brady, Energy recovery from New York City solid wastes, ISWA journal: Waste Management and Research, vol. 20, pp. 223–233, 2002. (https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X0202000303)
  • [11] Y. Naimi, M. Saghir, A. Cherqaoui, and B. Chatre, Energetic recovery of biomass in the region of Rabat (Morocco), International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 42, pp. 1396–1402, 2017. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.07.055)
  • [12] CFCIM Chamber, "Analysis and potential of the market: The market for water and waste treatment in Morocco", Morocco, 2015.
  • [13] S. Rasi, “Biogas composition and upgrading to biomethane”, University of Jyväskylä, Finlande, 2009.
  • [14] P. Rasmussen and A. Mathiasson, Report “Biogas - from refuse to energy,” International Gas Union, Norway, 2015.
  • [15] F. Agoudir et F.Z. El Ommal, « Collecte, soutirage et valorisation du biogaz pour la production de l’énergie électrique », National Schools of Applied Sciences of Tangier (Morocco), 2013.
  • [16] A. B. P. Suzuki, D. M. Fernandes, R. A. P. Faria, and T. C. M. Vidal, Biogas utilization in internal combustion engines, Brazilian Journal of Applied Technology in Agrarian Sciences, vol. 4, pp. 221-237, 2011.
  • [17] M. Pöschl, S. Ward, and P. Owende, Evaluation of energy efficiency of various biogas production and utilization pathways, Applied Energy, vol. 87, pp 3305–3321, 2010. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.05.011)
  • [18] B. Eder, H. Schulz, Biogas praxis, 3rd ed. Ökobuch Magnum, Staufen (Germany), 2006.
  • [19] C. Becker, H. Döhler, H. Eckel, N. Fröba, T. Georgieva, J. Grube and al, “Empirical values for biogas,” 1st ed. Germany: Darmstadt, 2007.
  • [20] C. Walla and W. Schneeberger, The optimal size for biogas plants, Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 32, pp. 551-557, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.11.009
  • [21] D. Goulding and N. Power, Which is the preferable biogas utilization technology for anaerobic digestion of agricultural crops in Ireland: Biogas to CHP or biomethane as a transport fuel? , Renewable Energy, vol. 53, pp. 121-131, 2013. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.11.001)
  • [22] B. Ozkaya, A. Demir, and M. Bilgili, “Neural network prediction model for the methane fraction in biogas from field-scale landfill bioreactors,” Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 815–822, Jun. 2007. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2006.03.004)
  • [23] H. Kamalan,M. Sabour and N. Shariatmadari, “A Review on Available Landfill Gas Models,” Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 79-92, 2011. (10.3923/jest.2011.79.92)
  • [24] H. Amini, R. Cont and A. Minca, Resilience to contagion in financial networks, Mathematical Finance, vol. 26, pp. 329-365, 2016. (https://doi.org/10.1111/mafi.12051)
  • [25] A. Alexander, C. Burklin and A. Singleton, “Landfill Gas Emissions Model (LandGEM) Version 3.02 User’s Guide,” Environmental Protection Agency, Number EPA-600/R-05/047, United States, 2005.
  • [26] R. Pierson, “Fact Sheet: Landfill Methane,” Environmental and Energy Study Institute, United States, 2013
  • [27] Haut Commissariat au Plan, " Population légale de la préfecture de Fès par municipalité, arrondissement ou commune d'après les résultats du recensement général de la population de l'habitat de 2014," 2014, Morocco.
  • [28] Ministry of the Interior, National Household Waste Management Program (PNDM), Morocco, 2017. (file:///C:/Users/pc/Downloads/PRESENTATION%20PNDM%20ZAKARI%20(11).pdf).
  • [29] A. Alexander, C. Burklin, A. Singleton, Landfill Gas Emissions Model (LandGEM) Version 3.02 User’s Guide, Environmental Protection Agency, Number EPA-600/R-05/047, United States, 2005.
  • [30] S. Fallahizadeh, M. Rahmatinia, Z. Mohammadi, M. Vaezzadeh, A. Tajamiri, and H. Soleimani, “Estimation of methane gas by LandGEM model from Yasuj municipal solid waste landfill, Iran,” MethodsX, vol. 6, pp. 391–398, 2019.
  • [31] L. Waldheim, T. Nilsson, Heating value of gases from biomass gasification, IEA Bioenergy Agreement subcommittee on Thermal Gasification of Biomass, Nyköping, Sweden, 2001.
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Mohammed Saghır Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-0544-7242

Youssef Naımı Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Mart 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Mayıs 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 38 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Saghır M, Naımı Y. Energy recovery from waste in fez city (Morocco). SIGMA. 2020;38(1):83-9.

IMPORTANT NOTE: JOURNAL SUBMISSION LINK https://eds.yildiz.edu.tr/sigma/