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A new time-dependent model for controlling the gas injection pressure in continuous gas lift

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 38 Sayı: 1, 265 - 279, 27.03.2020

Öz

There are a number of models for gas lift in the literature, but most of them suffer from large scale simplifications and, hence, unacceptable errors. Those simplifications include ignoring the temperature profile, assuming ideal gas, and neglecting the time- delay between applications of the gas injection pressure on the surface and sensing its effect at point of injection. In this study, all mentioned deficiencies are overcome and a new model is developed for predicting the pressure profile in the annulus and at the injection point. Then using sensitivity analysis, the applicability and accuracy of this model are discussed and compared with earlier models. Results show that the new model yields accurate results and hence serves as an excellent tool for control problems. In addition as by accurate estimation of pressure at the injection point, flow instability can be predicted and prevented, this model can be of great help to prohibit the problem of flow instability.

Kaynakça

  • [1] G. Linga and H. Lund, “A two-fluid model for vertical flow applied to CO2 injection wells,” Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control, vol. 51, pp. 71–80, 2015.
  • [2] M. R. Mahdiani and E. Khamehchi, “Preventing Instability Phenomenon in Gas-lift Optimization,” Iran. J. Oil Gas Sci. Technol., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 49–65, Jan. 2015.
  • [3] M. R. Mehregan, A. Mohaghar, and A. Esmaeili, “Developing a mathematical model for optimizing oil production Using Gas-Lift Technology,” Indian J. Sci. Technol., vol. 9, no. 5, Feb. 2016.
  • [4] A. Ebrahimi and E. Khamehchi, “Developing a novel workflow for natural gas lift optimization using advanced support vector machine,” J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng., vol. 28, pp. 626–638, Jan. 2016.
  • [5] C. Merlini Giuliani and E. Camponogara, “Derivative-free methods applied to daily production optimization of gas-lifted oil fields,” 2015.
  • [6] E. Khamehchi and M. R. Mahdiani, “An Introduction to Gas Lift,” in Gas Allocation Optimization Methods in Artificial Gas Lift, Springer International Publishing, 2017, pp. 1–5.
  • [7] N. Chithra Chakra, K. Y. Song, M. M. Gupta, and D. N. Saraf, “An innovative neural forecast of cumulative oil production from a petroleum reservoir employing higher-order neural networks (HONNs),” J. Pet. Sci. Eng., vol. 26, no. 3–4, pp. 18–33, 2013.
  • [8] C. A. Larsen and H. A. Asheim, “Experimental Investigation of Gas Lift Instability and Dynamic Regulation to Control It (Russian),” in SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference and Exhibition, 2014.
  • [9] A. Plucenio, G. A. Mafra, and D. J. Pagano, “A CONTROL STRATEGY FOR AN OIL WELL OPERATING VIA GAS LIFT,” IFAC Proc. Vol., vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 1081–1086, 2006.
  • [10] S. P. Boyd, “Real-time Embedded Convex Optimization,” IFAC Proc. Vol., vol. 42, no. 11, p. 9, 2009.
  • [11] M. Campos, H. Teixeira, F. Liporace, and M. Gomes, “Challenges and problems with advanced control and optimization technologies,” IFAC Proc. Vol., vol. 42, no. 11, pp. 1–8, 2009.
  • [12] E. Khamehchi and M. R. Mahdiani, “Gas Allocation Optimization Methods in Artificial Gas Lift.” Springer, 2016.
  • [13] A. Plucenio, D. J. Pagano, E. Camponogara, A. Traple, and A. Teixeira, “Gas-lift Optimization and Control with Nonlinear MPC,” IFAC Proc. Vol., vol. 42, no. 11, pp. 904–909, 2009.
  • [14] S. M. Elgsæter, O. Slupphaug, and T. A. Johansen, “A structured approach to optimizing offshore oil and gas production with uncertain models,” Comput. Chem. Eng., vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 163–176, 2010.
  • [15] E. Khamehchi and M. R. Mahdiani, “The Fitness Function of Gas Allocation Optimization,” in Gas Allocation Optimization Methods in Artificial Gas Lift, Springer International Publishing, 2017, pp. 7–23.
  • [16] L. E. Gonzalez, R. N. Chokshi, R. O. Gonzales, and T. Adams, “Lessons Learned in Permian Gas-Lift Shale Wells: Dynamic Production Analysis With Downhole Gauge,” in SPE Argentina Exploration and Production of Unconventional Resources Symposium, 2016, pp. 1–13.
  • [17] J. L. Brady, T. F. Kelley, P. Mehdizadeh, and J. Starck, “Monitoring Production Well Testing Facilities Using Statistical Analysis,” in SPE Western Regional Meeting, 2016, pp. 1–9.
  • [18] M. R. Mahdiani and E. Khamehchi, “A Novel Model for Predicting the Temperature Profile in Gas Lift Wells,” Petroleum, 2016.
  • [19] O. M. Aamo, G. O. Eikrem, H. B. Siahaan, and B. A. Foss, “Observer design for multiphase flow in vertical pipes with gas-lift––theory and experiments,” J. Process Control, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 247–257, 2005.
  • [20] S. Z. Kassab, H. A. Kandil, H. A. Warda, and W. H. Ahmed, “Air-lift pumps characteristics under two-phase flow conditions,” Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 88–98, 2009.
  • [21] J. N. M. N. M. de Souza, J. L. L. de Medeiros, A. L. H. L. H. Costa, and G. C. C. Nunes, “Modeling, simulation and optimization of continuous gas lift systems for deepwater offshore petroleum production,” J. Pet. Sci. Eng., vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 277–289, 2010.
  • [22] A. Abouie, M. Shirdel, H. Darabi, and K. Sepehrnoori, “Modeling Asphaltene Deposition in the Wellbore During Gas Lift Process,” in SPE Western Regional Meeting, 2015.
  • [23] T. Lima Silva, E. Camponogara, A. Furtado Teixeira, and S. Sunjerga, “Modeling of flow splitting for production optimization in offshore gas-lifted oil fields: Simulation validation and applications,” J. Pet. Sci. Eng., vol. 128, pp. 86–97, Apr. 2015.
  • [24] E. Gilbertson, F. Hover, and B. Freeman, “A Thermally Actuated Gas-Lift Safety Valve,” SPE Prod. Oper., vol. 28, no. 01, pp. 77–84, Feb. 2013.
  • [25] E. Khamehchi and M. R. Mahdiani, “Optimization Algorithms,” in Gas Allocation Optimization Methods in Artificial Gas Lift, Springer International Publishing, 2017, pp. 35–46.
  • [26] M. Mahmudi and M. T. Sadeghi, “The optimization of continuous gas lift process using an integrated compositional model,” J. Pet. Sci. Eng., vol. 108, pp. 321–327, 2013.
  • [27] R. Sharma and B. Glemmestad, “On Generalized Reduced Gradient method with multi-start and self-optimizing control structure for gas lift allocation optimization,” J. Process Control, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 1129–1140, Sep. 2013.
  • [28] E. Khamehchi and M. R. Mahdiani, “Constraint Optimization,” in Gas Allocation Optimization Methods in Artificial Gas Lift, Springer International Publishing, 2017, pp. 25–34.
  • [29] J. Xu, S. L. Scott, W. J. Mabry, and J. A. Gamboa, “High Reliability Gas Lift Flow Control Device Technology and Erosion/Endurance Tests,” in SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, 2012.
  • [30] J. E. Seim, V. L. van Beusekom, R. A. W. M. Henkes, and O. J. Nydal, “Experiments and Modelling for the Control of Riser Instabilities with Gas Lift,” 2011.
  • [31] E. D. Glass, “Continuous Gas-Lift Theory,” Soc. Pet. Eng., 1975.
  • [32] E. D. Coltharp and M. Khokhar, “Dubai Gas Lift Automation,” in SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, 1984.
  • [33] D. Denney, “Automated Continuous-Gas-Lift Control,” J. Pet. Technol., vol. 51, no. 10, pp. 38–38, Oct. 1999.
  • [34] S. Ayatollahi, M. Narimani, and M. Moshfeghian, “Intermittent gas lift in Aghajari oil field, a mathematical study,” J. Pet. Sci. Eng., vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 245–255, 2004.
  • [35] H. H. J. Bloemen, S. P. C. Belfroid, W. L. Sturm, and F. J. P. C. M. G. Verhelst, “Soft Sensing for Gas-Lift Wells,” in SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, 2004.
  • [36] E. Camponogara and P. H. R. R. Nakashima, “Solving a gas-lift optimization problem by dynamic programming,” Eur. J. Oper. Res., vol. 174, no. 2, pp. 1220–1246, 2006.
  • [37] T. Ray and R. Sarker, “Genetic algorithm for solving a gas lift optimization problem,” J. Pet. Sci. Eng., vol. 59, no. 1–2, pp. 84–96, Oct. 2007.
  • [38] E. Jahanshahi, K. Salahshoor, and R. Kharrat, “Modified distributed delay model for void wave dynamics in gas-lifted wells,” J. Pet. Sci. Eng., vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 203–213, 2009.
  • [39] E. Camponogara, A. Plucenio, A. F. Teixeira, and S. R. V. V Campos, “An automation system for gas-lifted oil wells: Model identification, control, and optimization,” J. Pet. Sci. Eng., vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 157–167, 2010.
  • [40] I. Guerrero-Sarabia and Y. V. V. Fairuzov, “Linear and non-linear analysis of flow instability in gas-lift wells,” J. Pet. Sci. Eng., vol. 108, pp. 162–171, 2013.
  • [41] S. Ghassemzadeh, P. Pourafshary, S.-Y. Jung, J.-S. Lim, and K. Rashid, “Optimization of gas lift allocation for improved oil production under facilities constraints,” GeosystemEng., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 39–47, 2015.
  • [42] M. R. Mahdiani and E. Khamehchi, “Stabilizing gas lift optimization with different amounts of available lift gas,” J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng., vol. 26, pp. 18–27, Sep. 2015.
  • [43] W. Shao, I. Boiko, and A. Al-Durra, “Control-oriented modeling of gas-lift system and analysis of casing-heading instability,” J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng., vol. 29, pp. 365–381, 2016.
  • [44] W. Shao, I. Boiko, and A. Al-Durra, “Plastic bag model of the artificial gas lift system for slug flow analysis,” J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng., vol. 33, pp. 573–586, 2016.
  • [45] T. Rocha-Valadez, A. R. Hasan, M. S. Mannan, and C. S. Kabir, “Design and Analysis of Leak-Testing Methodology for Gas Lift Valves,” SPE Prod. Oper., vol. 31, no. 02, pp. 176–184, May 2016.
  • [46] M. Abdalsadigh, A. Nourian, G. G. Naser, and M. Badaie, “Gas lift Optimization to Improve Well Performance,” Int. J. Mech. Aerospace, Ind. Mechatron. Manuf. Eng., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 490–498, 2016.
  • [47] S. Pedersen, P. Durdevic, and Z. Yang, “Challenges in slug modeling and control for offshore oil and gas productions: A review study,” Int. J. Multiph. Flow, vol. 88, pp. 270–284, 2017.
  • [48] M. R. Mahdiani, E. Khamehchi, and A. A. Suratgar, “Using modern heuristic algorithms for optimal control of a gas lifted field,” J. Pet. Sci. Eng., vol. 183, p. 106348, 2019.
  • [49] E. Yudin et al., “Modeling of a Gas-Lift Well Operation with an Automated Gas-Lift Gas Supply Control System,” in SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference, 2019.
Yıl 2020, Cilt: 38 Sayı: 1, 265 - 279, 27.03.2020

Öz

Kaynakça

  • [1] G. Linga and H. Lund, “A two-fluid model for vertical flow applied to CO2 injection wells,” Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control, vol. 51, pp. 71–80, 2015.
  • [2] M. R. Mahdiani and E. Khamehchi, “Preventing Instability Phenomenon in Gas-lift Optimization,” Iran. J. Oil Gas Sci. Technol., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 49–65, Jan. 2015.
  • [3] M. R. Mehregan, A. Mohaghar, and A. Esmaeili, “Developing a mathematical model for optimizing oil production Using Gas-Lift Technology,” Indian J. Sci. Technol., vol. 9, no. 5, Feb. 2016.
  • [4] A. Ebrahimi and E. Khamehchi, “Developing a novel workflow for natural gas lift optimization using advanced support vector machine,” J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng., vol. 28, pp. 626–638, Jan. 2016.
  • [5] C. Merlini Giuliani and E. Camponogara, “Derivative-free methods applied to daily production optimization of gas-lifted oil fields,” 2015.
  • [6] E. Khamehchi and M. R. Mahdiani, “An Introduction to Gas Lift,” in Gas Allocation Optimization Methods in Artificial Gas Lift, Springer International Publishing, 2017, pp. 1–5.
  • [7] N. Chithra Chakra, K. Y. Song, M. M. Gupta, and D. N. Saraf, “An innovative neural forecast of cumulative oil production from a petroleum reservoir employing higher-order neural networks (HONNs),” J. Pet. Sci. Eng., vol. 26, no. 3–4, pp. 18–33, 2013.
  • [8] C. A. Larsen and H. A. Asheim, “Experimental Investigation of Gas Lift Instability and Dynamic Regulation to Control It (Russian),” in SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference and Exhibition, 2014.
  • [9] A. Plucenio, G. A. Mafra, and D. J. Pagano, “A CONTROL STRATEGY FOR AN OIL WELL OPERATING VIA GAS LIFT,” IFAC Proc. Vol., vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 1081–1086, 2006.
  • [10] S. P. Boyd, “Real-time Embedded Convex Optimization,” IFAC Proc. Vol., vol. 42, no. 11, p. 9, 2009.
  • [11] M. Campos, H. Teixeira, F. Liporace, and M. Gomes, “Challenges and problems with advanced control and optimization technologies,” IFAC Proc. Vol., vol. 42, no. 11, pp. 1–8, 2009.
  • [12] E. Khamehchi and M. R. Mahdiani, “Gas Allocation Optimization Methods in Artificial Gas Lift.” Springer, 2016.
  • [13] A. Plucenio, D. J. Pagano, E. Camponogara, A. Traple, and A. Teixeira, “Gas-lift Optimization and Control with Nonlinear MPC,” IFAC Proc. Vol., vol. 42, no. 11, pp. 904–909, 2009.
  • [14] S. M. Elgsæter, O. Slupphaug, and T. A. Johansen, “A structured approach to optimizing offshore oil and gas production with uncertain models,” Comput. Chem. Eng., vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 163–176, 2010.
  • [15] E. Khamehchi and M. R. Mahdiani, “The Fitness Function of Gas Allocation Optimization,” in Gas Allocation Optimization Methods in Artificial Gas Lift, Springer International Publishing, 2017, pp. 7–23.
  • [16] L. E. Gonzalez, R. N. Chokshi, R. O. Gonzales, and T. Adams, “Lessons Learned in Permian Gas-Lift Shale Wells: Dynamic Production Analysis With Downhole Gauge,” in SPE Argentina Exploration and Production of Unconventional Resources Symposium, 2016, pp. 1–13.
  • [17] J. L. Brady, T. F. Kelley, P. Mehdizadeh, and J. Starck, “Monitoring Production Well Testing Facilities Using Statistical Analysis,” in SPE Western Regional Meeting, 2016, pp. 1–9.
  • [18] M. R. Mahdiani and E. Khamehchi, “A Novel Model for Predicting the Temperature Profile in Gas Lift Wells,” Petroleum, 2016.
  • [19] O. M. Aamo, G. O. Eikrem, H. B. Siahaan, and B. A. Foss, “Observer design for multiphase flow in vertical pipes with gas-lift––theory and experiments,” J. Process Control, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 247–257, 2005.
  • [20] S. Z. Kassab, H. A. Kandil, H. A. Warda, and W. H. Ahmed, “Air-lift pumps characteristics under two-phase flow conditions,” Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 88–98, 2009.
  • [21] J. N. M. N. M. de Souza, J. L. L. de Medeiros, A. L. H. L. H. Costa, and G. C. C. Nunes, “Modeling, simulation and optimization of continuous gas lift systems for deepwater offshore petroleum production,” J. Pet. Sci. Eng., vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 277–289, 2010.
  • [22] A. Abouie, M. Shirdel, H. Darabi, and K. Sepehrnoori, “Modeling Asphaltene Deposition in the Wellbore During Gas Lift Process,” in SPE Western Regional Meeting, 2015.
  • [23] T. Lima Silva, E. Camponogara, A. Furtado Teixeira, and S. Sunjerga, “Modeling of flow splitting for production optimization in offshore gas-lifted oil fields: Simulation validation and applications,” J. Pet. Sci. Eng., vol. 128, pp. 86–97, Apr. 2015.
  • [24] E. Gilbertson, F. Hover, and B. Freeman, “A Thermally Actuated Gas-Lift Safety Valve,” SPE Prod. Oper., vol. 28, no. 01, pp. 77–84, Feb. 2013.
  • [25] E. Khamehchi and M. R. Mahdiani, “Optimization Algorithms,” in Gas Allocation Optimization Methods in Artificial Gas Lift, Springer International Publishing, 2017, pp. 35–46.
  • [26] M. Mahmudi and M. T. Sadeghi, “The optimization of continuous gas lift process using an integrated compositional model,” J. Pet. Sci. Eng., vol. 108, pp. 321–327, 2013.
  • [27] R. Sharma and B. Glemmestad, “On Generalized Reduced Gradient method with multi-start and self-optimizing control structure for gas lift allocation optimization,” J. Process Control, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 1129–1140, Sep. 2013.
  • [28] E. Khamehchi and M. R. Mahdiani, “Constraint Optimization,” in Gas Allocation Optimization Methods in Artificial Gas Lift, Springer International Publishing, 2017, pp. 25–34.
  • [29] J. Xu, S. L. Scott, W. J. Mabry, and J. A. Gamboa, “High Reliability Gas Lift Flow Control Device Technology and Erosion/Endurance Tests,” in SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, 2012.
  • [30] J. E. Seim, V. L. van Beusekom, R. A. W. M. Henkes, and O. J. Nydal, “Experiments and Modelling for the Control of Riser Instabilities with Gas Lift,” 2011.
  • [31] E. D. Glass, “Continuous Gas-Lift Theory,” Soc. Pet. Eng., 1975.
  • [32] E. D. Coltharp and M. Khokhar, “Dubai Gas Lift Automation,” in SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, 1984.
  • [33] D. Denney, “Automated Continuous-Gas-Lift Control,” J. Pet. Technol., vol. 51, no. 10, pp. 38–38, Oct. 1999.
  • [34] S. Ayatollahi, M. Narimani, and M. Moshfeghian, “Intermittent gas lift in Aghajari oil field, a mathematical study,” J. Pet. Sci. Eng., vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 245–255, 2004.
  • [35] H. H. J. Bloemen, S. P. C. Belfroid, W. L. Sturm, and F. J. P. C. M. G. Verhelst, “Soft Sensing for Gas-Lift Wells,” in SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, 2004.
  • [36] E. Camponogara and P. H. R. R. Nakashima, “Solving a gas-lift optimization problem by dynamic programming,” Eur. J. Oper. Res., vol. 174, no. 2, pp. 1220–1246, 2006.
  • [37] T. Ray and R. Sarker, “Genetic algorithm for solving a gas lift optimization problem,” J. Pet. Sci. Eng., vol. 59, no. 1–2, pp. 84–96, Oct. 2007.
  • [38] E. Jahanshahi, K. Salahshoor, and R. Kharrat, “Modified distributed delay model for void wave dynamics in gas-lifted wells,” J. Pet. Sci. Eng., vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 203–213, 2009.
  • [39] E. Camponogara, A. Plucenio, A. F. Teixeira, and S. R. V. V Campos, “An automation system for gas-lifted oil wells: Model identification, control, and optimization,” J. Pet. Sci. Eng., vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 157–167, 2010.
  • [40] I. Guerrero-Sarabia and Y. V. V. Fairuzov, “Linear and non-linear analysis of flow instability in gas-lift wells,” J. Pet. Sci. Eng., vol. 108, pp. 162–171, 2013.
  • [41] S. Ghassemzadeh, P. Pourafshary, S.-Y. Jung, J.-S. Lim, and K. Rashid, “Optimization of gas lift allocation for improved oil production under facilities constraints,” GeosystemEng., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 39–47, 2015.
  • [42] M. R. Mahdiani and E. Khamehchi, “Stabilizing gas lift optimization with different amounts of available lift gas,” J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng., vol. 26, pp. 18–27, Sep. 2015.
  • [43] W. Shao, I. Boiko, and A. Al-Durra, “Control-oriented modeling of gas-lift system and analysis of casing-heading instability,” J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng., vol. 29, pp. 365–381, 2016.
  • [44] W. Shao, I. Boiko, and A. Al-Durra, “Plastic bag model of the artificial gas lift system for slug flow analysis,” J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng., vol. 33, pp. 573–586, 2016.
  • [45] T. Rocha-Valadez, A. R. Hasan, M. S. Mannan, and C. S. Kabir, “Design and Analysis of Leak-Testing Methodology for Gas Lift Valves,” SPE Prod. Oper., vol. 31, no. 02, pp. 176–184, May 2016.
  • [46] M. Abdalsadigh, A. Nourian, G. G. Naser, and M. Badaie, “Gas lift Optimization to Improve Well Performance,” Int. J. Mech. Aerospace, Ind. Mechatron. Manuf. Eng., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 490–498, 2016.
  • [47] S. Pedersen, P. Durdevic, and Z. Yang, “Challenges in slug modeling and control for offshore oil and gas productions: A review study,” Int. J. Multiph. Flow, vol. 88, pp. 270–284, 2017.
  • [48] M. R. Mahdiani, E. Khamehchi, and A. A. Suratgar, “Using modern heuristic algorithms for optimal control of a gas lifted field,” J. Pet. Sci. Eng., vol. 183, p. 106348, 2019.
  • [49] E. Yudin et al., “Modeling of a Gas-Lift Well Operation with an Automated Gas-Lift Gas Supply Control System,” in SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference, 2019.
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Mohammad Reza Mahdıanı Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-9252-8475

Ehsan Khamehchı Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-3907-6104

Amir Abolfazl Suratgar Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Mart 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Şubat 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 38 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Mahdıanı MR, Khamehchı E, Suratgar AA. A new time-dependent model for controlling the gas injection pressure in continuous gas lift. SIGMA. 2020;38(1):265-79.

IMPORTANT NOTE: JOURNAL SUBMISSION LINK https://eds.yildiz.edu.tr/sigma/