Decoupling analysis of environmental pressures from economic growth in the eu-27 and Turkey

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 1, 29 - 38, 01.03.2021

Seher Bodur Mihraç Küpeli İhsan Alp

Öz

Global climate change has caused great concern due to its negative impact on social and economic development. Tapio decoupling analysis is a method used to analyze the relationship between economic growth and the environment. The purpose of this article is to analyze the relationship between the environmental pressures and economic growth in the EU-27 countries and Turkey from 1990 to 2017 (annual data). Firstly, this article presents the decoupling states (absolute decoupling, relative decoupling and no decoupling) between gross domestic product (GDP) and environmental pressures (Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, material flows (MF) , land use (LU)) from 1990 to 2017. The following conclusions are generated: (1) In the case of GHG emissions from GDP, there is absolute decoupling in 10 countries and relative decoupling in 9 countries. In 9 countries, no decoupling occurs. (2) In terms of MF from GDP, in 5 countries absolute decoupling occurs and relative decoupling occurs in 13 countries. In 10 countries, no decoupling occurs. (3) In the case of LU from GDP, absolute decoupling occurs in 17 countries and relative decoupling occurs in 1 country. In 10 countries, no decoupling occurs. Secondly, to determine the source of productivity index, Malmquist productivity index is applied to the same countries based on the same period. GDP is used as output variable, while GHG emissions, MF and LU are used as input variable. The input- oriented Malmquist productivity index results show that: there is productivity gain in the entire EU-27 and Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Decoupling analysis, Greenhouse gas, Malmquist index, European Union

Kaynakça

• [1] BP (2018). BP statistical review of world energy. Retrieved from https://www.bp.com/.Chen, J., Wang, P., Cui, L., Huang, S., & Song, M. (2018). Decomposition and decoupling analysis of CO2 emissions in OECD. Applied Energy, 231, 937–950.
• [2] Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2002). Indicators to measure decoupling of environmental pressure from economic growth.
• [3] Tapio, P. (2005). Towards a theory of decoupling: degrees of decoupling in the EU and the case of road traffic in Finland between 1970 and 2001. Transport Policy, 12(2), 137-151.
• [4] Von Weizsäcker, E. U. (1990). Erdpolitik: Ökologische Realpolitik an der Schwelle zum Jahrhundert der Umwelt (Earth politics: Ecological decision-making on the threshold of the century of the environment). Darmstadt (Germany): Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
• [5] Zhang, Z. (2000). Decoupling China’s carbon emissions increase from economic growth: An economic analysis and policy implications. World Development, 28(4), 739-752.
• [6] Juknys, R., Miškinis, V., & Dagiliūtė, R. (2005). New Eastern EU Member States: Decoupling of Environmental Impact from Fast Economy Growth. Environmental Research, Engineering & Management, 34(4).
• [7] De Freitas, L. C., & Kaneko, S. (2011). Decomposing the decoupling of CO2 emissions and economic growth in Brazil. Ecological Economics, 70(8), 1459-1469.
• [8] Wan, L., Wang, Z. L., & Ng, J. (2016). Measurement research on the decoupling effect of industries’ carbon emissions—Based on the equipment manufacturing industry in China. Energies, 9(11), 921.
• [9] Bampatsou, C., Halkos, G., & Dimou, A. (2017). Determining economic productivity under environmental and resource pressures: an empirical application. Journal of Economic Structures, 6(1), 12.
• [10] Roinioti, A., & Koroneos, C. (2017). The decomposition of CO2 emissions from energy use in Greece before and during the economic crisis and their decoupling from economic growth. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 76, 448-459.
• [11] Wu, D., Yuan, C., & Liu, H. (2018). The decoupling states of CO2 emissions in the Chinese transport sector from 1994 to 2012: A perspective on fuel types. Energy & Environment, 29(4), 591-612.
• [12] Engo, J. (2019). Decoupling analysis of CO2 emissions from transport sector in Cameroon. Sustainable Cities and Society, 51, 101732.
• [13] Shuai, C., Chen, X., Wu, Y., Zhang, Y., & Tan, Y. (2019). A three-step strategy for decoupling economic growth from carbon emission: empirical evidences from 133 countries. Science of The Total Environment, 646, 524-543.
• [14] Wang, X., Wei, Y., & Shao, Q. (2020). Decomposing the decoupling of CO2 emissions and economic growth in China’s iron and steel industry. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 152, 104509
• [15] World Bank. World Development Indicators. Available from: http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators Accessed on 18 July 2017.
• [16] WU Global Material Flows Database (2014) The materialflows register. http://www.materialflows.net. Accessed 14 Nov 2014.
• [17] EIA Energy Information Administration (2014) International Energy Statistics: 1980–2011 (Complete) The EIA register. http://www.eia.gov/countries/data.cfm. Accessed 13 Nov 2014.
• [18] Malmquist, S. (1953). Index numbers and indifference surfaces. Trabajos de Estadistica y de Investigacion Operativa, 4(2), 209-242.
• [19] Caves, D. W., Christensen, L. R., & Diewert, W. E., (1982). The economic theory of index numbers and the measurement of input, output and productivity. Econo- metrica, 50, 1393–1414.
• [20] Färe, R. , Grosskopf, S. , & Lovell, C. A. K. (1994). Production Frontiers. Cambridge: Cam- bridge University Press.
• [21] Fung, M. K. Y., Wan, K. K. H., Van Hui, Y., & Law, J. S. (2008). Productivity changes in Chinese airports 1995–2004. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 44(3), 521-542.
• [22] Coelli, T. (1996). A guide to DEAP version 2.1: a data envelopment analysis (computer) program. Centre for Efficiency and Productivity Analysis, University of New England, Australia.