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Experimental analysis of a shake table test of strip footing on two layered reinforced soil

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 42 Sayı: 2, 475 - 489, 30.04.2024

Öz

This paper represents both experimental and numerical study of the strip footing resting on two layered reinforced c-ϕ soil. Small scale shake table tests are conducted to evaluate the different parameters like vertical settlement, (Root mean square amplification) RMSA factor, and total stress at different levels of layered soil. Test results revealed that increase in moisture content the parameters like vertical deformation, RMSA are increasing and after the optimum moisture content the above parameters are decreasing. Further addition of moisture content increases the above parameters. Inclusion of reinforcement tends to reduce all the above parameters but is more effective in reduction of maximum RMSA amplification factor. From the numerical result, it is seen that by increasing the moisture content vertical deformation and RMSA factor is increasing by 5-10%. To verify the results obtained from the present study, a numerical analysis is done by using PLAXIS 2D and the acceptability of model is discussed. It is observed the differences between experimental and numerical results are varying from 2-6%.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Chu DB, Stewart JP, Boulanger RW, Lin PS. Cyclic softening of low-plasticity clay and its effect on seismic foundation performance. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 2008;134:1595. [CrossRef]
  • [2] Huang CC. Seismic displacement of soil retaining walls situated on slope. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 2005;131:1108. [CrossRef]
  • [3] Huang CC, Chen YH. Seismic displacement of soil retaining walls situated on slope. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 2004;130:45. [CrossRef]
  • [4] Hyodo M, Noda SO, Furukawa S, Furui T. Slope failures in residential land on valley fills in Yamamoto town. Soils Found 2012;52:975–986. [CrossRef]
  • [5] Koseki J, Koda M, Masuo S, Takasaki H, Fujiwara T. Damage to railway earth structures and foundations caused by the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake. Soils Found 2012;52:872889. [CrossRef]
  • [6] Nakamura S, Wakai A, Umemura J, Sugimoto H, Takeshi T. Earthquake-induced landslides: Distribution, motion, and mechanism. Soils Found 2014;54:544559. [CrossRef]
  • [7] Pradel D, Smith PM, Stewart JP, Raad G. Case history of landslide movement during the Northridge Earthquake. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 2005;131:1360. [CrossRef]
  • [8] Tatsuoka F, Koseki J, Tateyama M, Munaf Y, Hori K. Seismic stability against high seismic loads of geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining structures. Proc 6th Int Conf Geosynthetics, Atlanta, GA. 1998:103–142.
  • [9] Koseki J, Munaf Y, Tatsuoka F, Tateyama M, Kojima K. Shaking table and tilting tests of geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining wall and conventional-type retaining wall models. Geosynth Int. 1998;5:7396. [CrossRef]
  • [10] Huang CC, Horng JC, Charng JJ. Seismic stability of reinforced slopes: Effects of reinforcement properties and facing rigidity. Geosynth Int 2008;15:107. [CrossRef]
  • [11] Kagawa T, Minowa C, Abe A, Tazoh T. Centrifuge simulations of large-scale shaking table tests: Case studies. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng. 2004;130:663–672. [CrossRef]
  • [12] Dashti M, Bray JD, Pestana JM, Riemer M, Wilson D. Mechanisms of seismically induced settlement of buildings with shallow foundations on liquefiable soil. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 2010;136. [CrossRef]
  • [13] Enomoto T, Sasaki T. Several factors affecting seismic behaviour of embankments in dynamic centrifuge model tests. Soils Found. 2015;55:813828. [CrossRef]
  • [14] Kokkali P, Abdoun T, Anastasopoulos I. Centrifuge modeling of rocking foundations on improved soil. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 2015;141. [CrossRef]
  • [15] Ling HI, Mohri Y, Leshchinsky D, Burke C, Matsushima K, Liu H. Large-scale shaking table tests on modular-block reinforced soil retaining walls. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 2005;131:465. [CrossRef]
  • [16] Antonellis G, Gavras AG, Panagiotou M, Kutter BL, Guerrini G, Sander AC, et al. Shake table test of large-scale bridge columns supported on rocking shallow foundations. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 2015;141. [CrossRef]
  • [17] Wartman J, Seed RB, Bray JD. Shaking table modeling of seismically induced deformations in slopes. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 2005;131:610. [CrossRef]
  • [18] Nova-Roessig L, Sitar N. Centrifuge model studies of the seismic response of reinforced soil slopes. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 2006;132:388. [CrossRef]
  • [19] El-Emam MM, Bathurst RJ. Influence of reinforcement parameters on the seismic response of reduced-scale reinforced soil retaining walls. Geotext Geomembr 2007;25:33–49. [CrossRef]
  • [20] Huang CC, Horng JC, Chang WJ, Chiou JS, Chen CH. Dynamic behavior of reinforced walls: Horizontal acceleration response. Geosynth Int 2011;17:207. [CrossRef]
  • [21] Huang CC, Horng JC, Chang WJ, Chiou JS, Chen CH. Dynamic behavior of reinforced walls- Horizontal displacement response. Geotext Geomembr 2011;29:257267. [CrossRef]
  • [22] Drosos VT, Georgarakos ML, Loli M, Anastasopoulos O, Zarzouras G, Gazetas G. Soil foundation-structure interaction with mobilization of bearing capacity: Experimental study on sand. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 2012;138:13691386. [CrossRef]
  • [23] Guler E, Selek O. Reduce-scale shaking table tests on geosynthetic-reinforced soil walls with modular facing. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 2013;140. [CrossRef]
  • [24] Taha A, Naggar EH, Turan A. Experimental study on the seismic behavior of geosynthetic-reinforced pile-foundation system. Geosynth Int 2015;22:183195. [CrossRef]
  • [25] Shinoda M, Watanabe K, Sanagawa T, Abe K, Nakamura H, Kawai T, Nakamura S. Dynamic behavior of slope models with various slope angles. Soils Found 2015;55:127142. [CrossRef]
  • [26] Karimi Z, Dashti S. Seismic performance of shallow founded structures on liquefiable ground: Validation of numerical simulations using centrifuge experiments. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 2016;142:1–13. [CrossRef]
  • [27] Al-Karni AA, Budhu M. An experimental study of seismic bearing capacity of shallow footings. Proc., 4th Int. Conf. on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, University of Missouri-Rolla. 2001;1:1–11.
  • [28] Sarma SK, Iossifelis IS. Seismic bearing capacity factors of shallow strip footings. Géotechnique 1990;40:265. [CrossRef]
  • [29] Richards R, Elms GD, Budhu M. Seismic bearing capacity and settlements of foundations. J Geotech Eng 1993;119:662. [CrossRef]
  • [30] Budhu M, Al-Karni A. Seismic bearing capacity of soils. Géotechnique 1993;43:181–187. [CrossRef]
  • [31] Sawada T, Nomachi SG, Chen WF. Seismic bearing capacity of a mounded foundation near a down-hill slope by pseudo-static analysis. Soils Found 1994;34:1117. [CrossRef]
  • [32] Kumar J, Rao MVBK. Seismic bearing capacity of foundations on slopes. Géotechnique 2003;53:347–361. [CrossRef]
  • [33] Choudhury D, Subba Rao KS. Seismic bearing capacity of shallow strip footings embedded in slopes. Int J Geomech 2006;6:176. [CrossRef]
  • [34] Huang CC, Kang WW. Seismic bearing capacity of a rigid footing adjacent to a cohesionless slope. Soils Found 2008;48:641. [CrossRef]
  • [35] Soubra AH. Upper-bound solutions for bearing capacity of foundations. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 1999;125:59. [CrossRef]
  • [36] Kumar J, Ghosh P. Seismic bearing capacity for embedded footings on sloping ground. Géotechnique 2006;56:133–140. [CrossRef]
  • [37] Yamamoto K. Seismic bearing capacity of shallow foundations near slopes using the upper-bound method. Int J Geotech Eng 2010;4:255267. [CrossRef]
  • [38] Casablanca O, Cascone E, Biondi G. The static and seismic bearing capacity factor N for footings adjacent to slopes. Procedia Eng 2016;158:410415. [CrossRef]
  • [39] Chakraborty D, Kumar J. Seismic bearing capacity of shallow embedded foundations on a sloping ground surface. Int J Geomech 2015;15:1–8. [CrossRef]
  • [40] Cinicioglu O, Erkli A. Seismic bearing capacity of surficial foundations on sloping cohesive ground. Soil Dyn Earthquake Eng 2018;111:5364. [CrossRef]
  • [41] Azzam WR. Finite element analysis of skirted foundation adjacent to sand slope under earthquake loading. Housing Building Res Center J 2015;11:231–239. [CrossRef]
  • [42] Kourkoulis R, Anastasopoulos I, Gelagoti F, Gazetas G. Interaction of foundation-structure systems with seismically precarious slopes: Numerical analysis with strain softening constitutive model. Soil Dyn Earthquake Eng 2010;30:14301445. [CrossRef]
  • [43] Matsui T, San KC. Finite element slope stability analysis by shear strength reduction technique. Soils Found 1992;32:59–70. [CrossRef]
  • [44] Duncan JM. State of the art: limit equilibrium and finite element analysis of slopes. J Geotech Eng 1996;122:577–596. [CrossRef]
  • [45] Ugai K, Leshchinsky D. Three-dimensional limit equilibrium and finite element analyses: a comparison of results. Soils Found 1995;35:17. [CrossRef]
Yıl 2024, Cilt: 42 Sayı: 2, 475 - 489, 30.04.2024

Öz

Kaynakça

  • [1] Chu DB, Stewart JP, Boulanger RW, Lin PS. Cyclic softening of low-plasticity clay and its effect on seismic foundation performance. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 2008;134:1595. [CrossRef]
  • [2] Huang CC. Seismic displacement of soil retaining walls situated on slope. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 2005;131:1108. [CrossRef]
  • [3] Huang CC, Chen YH. Seismic displacement of soil retaining walls situated on slope. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 2004;130:45. [CrossRef]
  • [4] Hyodo M, Noda SO, Furukawa S, Furui T. Slope failures in residential land on valley fills in Yamamoto town. Soils Found 2012;52:975–986. [CrossRef]
  • [5] Koseki J, Koda M, Masuo S, Takasaki H, Fujiwara T. Damage to railway earth structures and foundations caused by the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake. Soils Found 2012;52:872889. [CrossRef]
  • [6] Nakamura S, Wakai A, Umemura J, Sugimoto H, Takeshi T. Earthquake-induced landslides: Distribution, motion, and mechanism. Soils Found 2014;54:544559. [CrossRef]
  • [7] Pradel D, Smith PM, Stewart JP, Raad G. Case history of landslide movement during the Northridge Earthquake. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 2005;131:1360. [CrossRef]
  • [8] Tatsuoka F, Koseki J, Tateyama M, Munaf Y, Hori K. Seismic stability against high seismic loads of geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining structures. Proc 6th Int Conf Geosynthetics, Atlanta, GA. 1998:103–142.
  • [9] Koseki J, Munaf Y, Tatsuoka F, Tateyama M, Kojima K. Shaking table and tilting tests of geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining wall and conventional-type retaining wall models. Geosynth Int. 1998;5:7396. [CrossRef]
  • [10] Huang CC, Horng JC, Charng JJ. Seismic stability of reinforced slopes: Effects of reinforcement properties and facing rigidity. Geosynth Int 2008;15:107. [CrossRef]
  • [11] Kagawa T, Minowa C, Abe A, Tazoh T. Centrifuge simulations of large-scale shaking table tests: Case studies. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng. 2004;130:663–672. [CrossRef]
  • [12] Dashti M, Bray JD, Pestana JM, Riemer M, Wilson D. Mechanisms of seismically induced settlement of buildings with shallow foundations on liquefiable soil. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 2010;136. [CrossRef]
  • [13] Enomoto T, Sasaki T. Several factors affecting seismic behaviour of embankments in dynamic centrifuge model tests. Soils Found. 2015;55:813828. [CrossRef]
  • [14] Kokkali P, Abdoun T, Anastasopoulos I. Centrifuge modeling of rocking foundations on improved soil. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 2015;141. [CrossRef]
  • [15] Ling HI, Mohri Y, Leshchinsky D, Burke C, Matsushima K, Liu H. Large-scale shaking table tests on modular-block reinforced soil retaining walls. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 2005;131:465. [CrossRef]
  • [16] Antonellis G, Gavras AG, Panagiotou M, Kutter BL, Guerrini G, Sander AC, et al. Shake table test of large-scale bridge columns supported on rocking shallow foundations. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 2015;141. [CrossRef]
  • [17] Wartman J, Seed RB, Bray JD. Shaking table modeling of seismically induced deformations in slopes. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 2005;131:610. [CrossRef]
  • [18] Nova-Roessig L, Sitar N. Centrifuge model studies of the seismic response of reinforced soil slopes. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 2006;132:388. [CrossRef]
  • [19] El-Emam MM, Bathurst RJ. Influence of reinforcement parameters on the seismic response of reduced-scale reinforced soil retaining walls. Geotext Geomembr 2007;25:33–49. [CrossRef]
  • [20] Huang CC, Horng JC, Chang WJ, Chiou JS, Chen CH. Dynamic behavior of reinforced walls: Horizontal acceleration response. Geosynth Int 2011;17:207. [CrossRef]
  • [21] Huang CC, Horng JC, Chang WJ, Chiou JS, Chen CH. Dynamic behavior of reinforced walls- Horizontal displacement response. Geotext Geomembr 2011;29:257267. [CrossRef]
  • [22] Drosos VT, Georgarakos ML, Loli M, Anastasopoulos O, Zarzouras G, Gazetas G. Soil foundation-structure interaction with mobilization of bearing capacity: Experimental study on sand. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 2012;138:13691386. [CrossRef]
  • [23] Guler E, Selek O. Reduce-scale shaking table tests on geosynthetic-reinforced soil walls with modular facing. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 2013;140. [CrossRef]
  • [24] Taha A, Naggar EH, Turan A. Experimental study on the seismic behavior of geosynthetic-reinforced pile-foundation system. Geosynth Int 2015;22:183195. [CrossRef]
  • [25] Shinoda M, Watanabe K, Sanagawa T, Abe K, Nakamura H, Kawai T, Nakamura S. Dynamic behavior of slope models with various slope angles. Soils Found 2015;55:127142. [CrossRef]
  • [26] Karimi Z, Dashti S. Seismic performance of shallow founded structures on liquefiable ground: Validation of numerical simulations using centrifuge experiments. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 2016;142:1–13. [CrossRef]
  • [27] Al-Karni AA, Budhu M. An experimental study of seismic bearing capacity of shallow footings. Proc., 4th Int. Conf. on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, University of Missouri-Rolla. 2001;1:1–11.
  • [28] Sarma SK, Iossifelis IS. Seismic bearing capacity factors of shallow strip footings. Géotechnique 1990;40:265. [CrossRef]
  • [29] Richards R, Elms GD, Budhu M. Seismic bearing capacity and settlements of foundations. J Geotech Eng 1993;119:662. [CrossRef]
  • [30] Budhu M, Al-Karni A. Seismic bearing capacity of soils. Géotechnique 1993;43:181–187. [CrossRef]
  • [31] Sawada T, Nomachi SG, Chen WF. Seismic bearing capacity of a mounded foundation near a down-hill slope by pseudo-static analysis. Soils Found 1994;34:1117. [CrossRef]
  • [32] Kumar J, Rao MVBK. Seismic bearing capacity of foundations on slopes. Géotechnique 2003;53:347–361. [CrossRef]
  • [33] Choudhury D, Subba Rao KS. Seismic bearing capacity of shallow strip footings embedded in slopes. Int J Geomech 2006;6:176. [CrossRef]
  • [34] Huang CC, Kang WW. Seismic bearing capacity of a rigid footing adjacent to a cohesionless slope. Soils Found 2008;48:641. [CrossRef]
  • [35] Soubra AH. Upper-bound solutions for bearing capacity of foundations. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 1999;125:59. [CrossRef]
  • [36] Kumar J, Ghosh P. Seismic bearing capacity for embedded footings on sloping ground. Géotechnique 2006;56:133–140. [CrossRef]
  • [37] Yamamoto K. Seismic bearing capacity of shallow foundations near slopes using the upper-bound method. Int J Geotech Eng 2010;4:255267. [CrossRef]
  • [38] Casablanca O, Cascone E, Biondi G. The static and seismic bearing capacity factor N for footings adjacent to slopes. Procedia Eng 2016;158:410415. [CrossRef]
  • [39] Chakraborty D, Kumar J. Seismic bearing capacity of shallow embedded foundations on a sloping ground surface. Int J Geomech 2015;15:1–8. [CrossRef]
  • [40] Cinicioglu O, Erkli A. Seismic bearing capacity of surficial foundations on sloping cohesive ground. Soil Dyn Earthquake Eng 2018;111:5364. [CrossRef]
  • [41] Azzam WR. Finite element analysis of skirted foundation adjacent to sand slope under earthquake loading. Housing Building Res Center J 2015;11:231–239. [CrossRef]
  • [42] Kourkoulis R, Anastasopoulos I, Gelagoti F, Gazetas G. Interaction of foundation-structure systems with seismically precarious slopes: Numerical analysis with strain softening constitutive model. Soil Dyn Earthquake Eng 2010;30:14301445. [CrossRef]
  • [43] Matsui T, San KC. Finite element slope stability analysis by shear strength reduction technique. Soils Found 1992;32:59–70. [CrossRef]
  • [44] Duncan JM. State of the art: limit equilibrium and finite element analysis of slopes. J Geotech Eng 1996;122:577–596. [CrossRef]
  • [45] Ugai K, Leshchinsky D. Three-dimensional limit equilibrium and finite element analyses: a comparison of results. Soils Found 1995;35:17. [CrossRef]
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İnşaat Yapım Mühendisliği
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Litan Debnath Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-0648-4512

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Nisan 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 42 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Debnath L. Experimental analysis of a shake table test of strip footing on two layered reinforced soil. SIGMA. 2024;42(2):475-89.

IMPORTANT NOTE: JOURNAL SUBMISSION LINK https://eds.yildiz.edu.tr/sigma/